Early Statehood (1804-1859)

Ohio became the seventeenth state of the United States of America on February 19, 1803. Tremendous growth and development marked the state's next fifty years of history. In 1803, Ohio was still very much the frontier. At the beginning of this era, towns were still forming; schools and churches were few; American Indians still fought to keep their dwindling land; and tensions continued to rage between Great Britain and the United States of America. Over the next five decades, Ohio emerged as an agricultural leader. Factories, turnpikes, canals, and railroads formed, helping the state to become more economically diverse and better connected to the rest of the nation. The Americans triumphed over the British in the War of 1812, and the threat of American-Indian attack subsided. Politically, Ohio refined and formalized its political institutions. Socially, many residents increasingly sought to better their state and nation, actively participating in such reform movements as temperance and abolition. Ohio's population increased dramatically, from 45,365 people in 1800 to over 2.3 million residents in 1860. By 1859, Ohio was a well-developed and advanced entity. It was no longer the frontier.

To learn more about this pivotal era in Ohio's history, please browse these entries at your leisure.

There are 778 entries matching this time period. They are listed below in alphabetical order.

(Last Name Unknown), Lewis: Lewis was an escaped slave who sought freedom in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
(Last Name Unknown), Poindexter: Poindexter was a slave owned by a Mr. Anderson in Kentucky. In 1854, Judge S.F. Norris in the Clermont County, Ohio Court of Common Pleas awarded Poindexter his freedom. . . .
(Last Name Unknown), Watkins: Watkins was a free African-American man who was accused of being a runaway slave in Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Abolitionists: Abolitionists were people who sought to end the institution of slavery. . . .
Academy of Medicine: Cincinnati physicians established the Academy of Medicine in 1857. It served as primarily a social and educational club for local physicians. . . .
Adelbert College: Western Reserve College opened in 1826. It was the predecessor to Adelbert College. The Western Reserve College was the first institution of higher education in what had been the Connecticut Western Reserve. . . .
Adena: Adena was the home of Thomas Worthington, one of Ohio's first two United States senators. Worthington also served as the sixth governor of the state. . . .
African Americans: Numerous African Americans have resided in Ohio. Today, African-American Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
African Methodist Episcopal Church: Richard Allen founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1816. Allen and his followers broke away from the Methodist Church because they believed that white Methodists were interfering with the practice of their religion. . . .
African Union Baptist Church (Cincinnati, Ohio): The African Union Baptist Church, originally known as the First African Baptist Church and now known as the Union Baptist Church, was the first African-American church in Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Agriculture and Farming in Ohio: For all of Ohio's history, farming has been a major component of the state's economy. . . .
Akron School Law: Ohio's current school system is based upon the Akron School Law. . . .
Akron, Ohio: Akron is the county seat of Summit County. . . .
Alexandria, Ohio: Alexandria, Ohio, which was located in Scioto County, was the first Euro-American settlement on the west bank of the Scioto River at its juncture with the Ohio River. . . .
Allen County: Allen County is named for Colonel John Allen, a participant in the War of 1812. Residents established the county on February 12, 1820. . . .
Allen, Richard: Richard Allen was the principal founder of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. He was born on February 14, 1760, in Germantown, Pennsylvania. Born a slave, Allen purchased his freedom from his master in 1785. . . .
Allen, William: William Allen was an important Ohio political leader in the mid to late Nineteenth Century. . . .
Alma College: Alma College and its successor, Franklin College, were important educational institutions in Ohio during the nineteenth century. . . .
American Anti-Slavery Society: The American Anti-Slavery Society was one of the most prominent abolitionist organizations in the United States of America during the early nineteenth century. . . .
American Colonization Society: Formed in 1817, the American Colonization Society was one of the first organizations in the country to work for the end of slavery. . . .
American Party: The American Party, also known as the Know-Nothing Party, was a prominent United States political party during the late 1840s and the early 1850s. . . .
Amish: The Amish are a Protestant religious group that today exists primarily in the United States and Canada. . . .
Anderson (Erie County), Elijah: Elijah Anderson was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Erie County, Ohio. . . .
Anderson (Gallia County), Elijah: Elijah Anderson was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Gallia County, Ohio. . . .
Anti-Slavery Sewing Society: Elizabeth Coleman and Sarah Ernst organized African-American women into the Anti-Slavery Sewing Society in Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Antimason Party: The Antimason Party came into existence in 1827 purportedly to reclaim government from a secret organization known as the Masons. . . .
Antioch College: The Christian Church founded Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio, in 1852. The college admitted its first students the following year. . . .
Appleby, Calvin W.: Calvin W. Appleby was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Conneaut, Ohio. . . .
Ashland County: Ashland County formed on February 24, 1846. . . .
Ashland, Ohio: Ashland is the county seat of Ashland County. . . .
Ashtabula County: Ashtabula County formed on February 10, 1807. It was the first county created in the Western Reserve. . . .
Athens County: Formed on February 20, 1805, Athens County was named for Athens, Greece. Athens County was originally part of Washington County. . . .
Atwater, Caleb: Caleb Atwater, one of Ohio's earliest historians and reformers, was born in North Adams, Massachusetts on Christmas day in 1778. He graduated from William's College in 1804 with a Master of Arts degree. . . .
Auglaize County: Formed on February 14, 1848, Auglaize County was named from a French word meaning "clay-filled water.” The county was originally parts of Allen and Mercer Counties. . . .
Awl, William: In 1833, the Ohio legislature appointed Awl as the physician of the Ohio Penitentiary. Two years later, Awl helped organize the Ohio Medical Association. . . .
Bacon, David: David Bacon was a prominent Congregationalist missionary in early nineteenth-century Ohio. . . .
Badger, Joseph: Most historians believe that Joseph Badger was the first missionary in the Connecticut Western Reserve. . . .
Bailey, Gamaliel: Gamaliel Bailey was a physician and an editor of anti-slavery newspapers in the years before the American Civil War. . . .
Baker Motor Vehicle Company: The Baker Motor Vehicle Company began producing electric-powered automobiles in Cleveland in 1899. Its founders were Walter C. Baker and Fred R. White, of the White Sewing Machine Company family. . . .
Baldwin-Wallace College: Originally named Baldwin College, this institution of higher learning was founded in 1845 by John Baldwin. The college is located in Berea, Ohio. . . .
Bank of the United States: The Bank of the United States was established in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1791. Its purpose was to provide the United States with a stable monetary system. . . .
Banking Crisis of 1819: The Panic of 1819 and the accompanying Banking Crisis of 1819 were economic crises in the United States of America principally caused by the end of years of warfare between France and Great Britain. . . .
Barnes, Jacob: Jacob Barnes was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Mahoning County, Ohio. . . .
Barnett Cemetery: The Barnett Cemetery is principally an African-American cemetery in Pike County, Ohio. . . .
Bartley, Mordecai: Mordecai Bartley was the eighteenth governor of Ohio. . . .
Bartley, Thomas W.: Thomas W. Bartley was Governor of Ohio from April through December, 1844. . . .
Batavia, Ohio: Batavia is the county seat of Clermont County, Ohio. . . .
Bateham, Michael B.: Michael B. Bateham was Ohio's second Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Batesville, Ohio: Williamsburg, now known as Batesville, is a small community in Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Battle of Lake Erie: The Battle of Lake Erie was a pivotal naval engagement between British and American forces during the War of 1812. . . .
Battle of Lumbarton: In 1857, the Battle of Lumbarton occurred between federal marshals, who were enforcing the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, and anti-slavery Ohioans. . . .
Battle of the Thames: The Battle of the Thames was a pivotal American victory during the War of 1812. . . .
Battle of Tippecanoe: In 1811, the Battle of Tippecanoe was a significant defeat for Tecumseh's Native-American Confederation. . . .
Bebb, William: William Bebb was Governor of Ohio from 1846 to 1849. . . .
Beecher, Henry W.: Henry Ward Beecher was a political and social reformer and a prominent clergyman in nineteenth century America. . . .
Beecher, Lyman: Lyman Beecher was a prominent theologian, educator and reformer in the years before the American Civil War. . . .
Belle Center, Ohio: Belle Center, which has also been known as Belle Centre, is a small community in northern Logan County, Ohio. . . .
Belle Centre, Ohio: Belle Center, which has also been known as Belle Centre, is a small community in northern Logan County, Ohio. . . .
Bellefontaine, Ohio: Bellefontaine is the county seat of Logan County, Ohio. . . .
Benedict, Aaron: Aaron Benedict was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Alum Creek. Ohio. . . .
Benedict, Platt: Platt Benedict was the first permanent white settler of Norwalk, Ohio. . . .
Benton, Lyman: Lyman Benton was a politician and abolitionist in Geauga County, Ohio. . . .
Bentonville Anti-Horse Thief Society: During the nineteenth century, Ohioans relied on horses for transportation and for farming. Horse thieves were relatively common. To help protect their animals, in March 1853, residents of Bentonville, Ohio formed the Bentonville Anti-Horse Thief Society. . . .
Berea, Ohio: Berea, Ohio, was established in 1836. Henry O. Sheldon, a circuit rider, selected Berea and Tabor as possible names for the community. . . .
Berlin Crossroads, Ohio: Established in Ohio during the early nineteenth century, Berlin Crossroads was a predominantly African-American community. . . .
Betz, Adam: Chillicothe, Ohio resident Adam Betz spent nearly twenty years as the sergeant of arms of the Northwest Territory's legislature and then of the Ohio House of Representatives. . . .
Bimeler, Joseph: Joseph Bimeler was a prominent leader of the Separatist society at Zoar, Ohio. . . .
Birney, James: James Birney was an abolitionist, an opponent of slavery, in the years before the American Civil War. . . .
Bisbee, Elizabeth: Elizabeth Bisbee was an early women's rights activist in Ohio. She established a newspaper, the Alliance, in Columbus before the American Civil War. . . .
Black Fork Settlement, Ohio: Established in Ohio during the early nineteenth century, the Black Fork Settlement was a predominantly African-American community. . . .
Black Laws of 1807: The Ohio legislature passed a series of laws in 1807 to discourage African American migration to the state. . . .
Black String Band: The "Black String Band" was an organization created to protect abolitionist John Brown while he was planning his raid on the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia. . . .
Bleeding Kansas: Bleeding Kansas was a mini civil war between pro- and anti-slavery forces that occurred in Kansas from 1856 to 1865. . . .
Blennerhassett Island: In 1797, Harman Blennerhassett and his wife moved to Marietta, Ohio, where they purchased 174 acres of land on an island in the Ohio River. The land formerly belonged to George Washington. The island is located near Belpre. . . .
Blennerhassett, Harman: Harman Blennerhassett was involved in Aaron Burr's conspiracy against the United States of America in the early 1800s. . . .
Bloomer, Amelia J.: Amelia Jenks Bloomer was a prominent women's rights advocate during the nineteenth century. . . .
Boneyfiddle, Ohio: Boneyfiddle was one of the first Euro-American settlements in Scioto County, Ohio. . . .
Bonus Law: Passed by the Ohio state legislature on February 23, 1816, the "Bonus Law" required banks in Ohio to obtain a charter from the state legislature in order to operate and to pay taxes to the state. . . .
Bosworth, Sala: Sala Bosworth was one of Ohio's earliest artists. He was born on September 15, 1805, in Halifax, Massachusetts. . . .
Bowles, John R.: John R. Bowles was chaplain of the 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War and, perhaps, was the first African-American public school teacher in Ohio. . . .
Boys' Industrial School: In 1857, the Ohio government established the Ohio Reform School, the predecessor to the Boys' Industrial School. . . .
Bradford Tavern: The Bradford Tavern was one of the first inns built in West Union, Ohio. . . .
Brewery Arcade: The Brewery Arcade is a business building in Portsmouth, Ohio. . . .
Brown County: On December 17, 1817, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Brown County. The county was originally parts of Adams and Clermont Counties. . . .
Brown Jr., Elias: Ohioan Elias Brown, Jr., was a free African American who was almost tricked into becoming a slave. . . .
Brown, Christopher: Christopher Brown assisted runaway slaves along the Underground Railroad in Ohio. . . .
Brown, George: George Brown was a free African-American man who was accused of being a runaway slave in Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Brown, Jim: Jim Brown was a counterfeiter who took advantage of the economic situation in Ohio during the 1810s. . . .
Brown, John: John Brown's obsession with ending slavery eventually led him to violence and his eventual death. . . .
Bryan, Ohio: Bryan is the county seat of Williams County, Ohio. . . .
Bryant & Stratton Chain of Business Schools: In 1848, E.G. Folsom established Folsom's Business College, the predecessor of the Bryant & Stratton Chain of Business Schools, in Cleveland, Ohio. Only two students enrolled in the school's first academic term, but the institution grew quickly. . . .
Buckeye Lake: Buckeye Lake originally was a small pond that eighteenth century Ohio Indians called "Big Swamp" or "Big Pond." It remained insignificant to white settlers until the 1820s, when Ohioans began construction of the Ohio and Erie Canal. . . .
Bucyrus, Ohio: Bucyrus is the county seat of Crawford County, Ohio. . . .
Burlington Jail: The Burlington Jail is the last standing government building in the city of Burlington, Ohio from when this community served as the Lawrence County seat. . . .
Burnet, Jacob: Jacob Burnet was a political leader in Ohio in the first half of the nineteenth century. . . .
Burrell, Almond H.: Almond Hervey Burrell was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Ohio. . . .
Caldwell, Ohio: Caldwell is the county seat of Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Cambridge, Ohio: Cambridge is the county seat of Guernsey County, Ohio. . . .
Campbell, Alexander: Alexander Campbell was a physician, political leader and elected official in the early years of Ohio statehood. . . .
Campbellites: Campbellites were religious followers of ministers Thomas Campbell and his son Alexander Campbell in the early nineteenth century. . . .
Canadian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from both French and English Canadian ancestors. Today, Canadian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Canal Lands: During the 1820s, the United States Congress gave the State of Ohio approximately one million acres of Congress Lands to facilitate the construction of canals in the state. This grant became known as the Canal Lands. . . .
Canals: During the late 1810s, Governor Thomas Worthington and Governor Ethan Allen Brown both supported internal improvements, especially canals. Both men believed that Ohioans needed quick and easy access to the Ohio River and to Lake Erie if they were to profit financially. . . .
Canton, Ohio: Canton is the county seat of Stark County. . . .
Capital University: In 1830, the Lutheran Church established Capital University in Bexley, Ohio. Capital University is the oldest college in central Ohio. . . .
Carroll County: The Ohio government authorized the creation of Carroll County on December 25, 1832. . . .
Carrollton, Ohio: Carrollton is the county seat of Carroll County, Ohio. . . .
Carter, Lorenzo: Lorenzo Carter was the first permanent white settler of Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Carthagena, Ohio: Carthagena was a predominantly African American community in Mercer County, Ohio. . . .
Cary, Alice: Alice and Phoebe Cary were sisters. Both became well known American poets during the middle of the nineteenth century. . . .
Cary, Phoebe: Alice and Phoebe Cary were sisters. Both became well known American poets during the middle of the nineteenth century. . . .
Case Sr., Leonard: Leonard Case, Sr., was a prominent resident of Cleveland, Ohio during the early nineteenth century. . . .
Cass, Lewis: Lewis Cass was a prominent political leader in the early nineteenth century. . . .
Celina, Ohio: James Watson Riley established Celina in 1834. Celina is the county seat of Mercer County. Residents named the community after Salina, New York, but to avoid confusion, they altered the spelling. . . .
Central State University: In 1856, the Methodist Episcopal Church established Wilberforce University near Xenia, Ohio, to provide African Americans access to a college education. The university was the first private, historically black college formed in the United States. . . .
Chagrin Mills, Ohio: Willoughby is a community in Lake County, Ohio. During its history, the town has also been called Charlton, Chagrin, and Chagrin Mills. . . .
Chagrin, Ohio: Willoughby is a community in Lake County, Ohio. During its history, the town has also been called Charlton, Chagrin, and Chagrin Mills. . . .
Champaign County: On February 20, 1805, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Champaign County. . . .
Chapman, John: John Chapman was born on September 26, 1774, in Leominster, Massachusetts. Chapman is better known as Johnny Appleseed. . . .
Chardon, Ohio: Chardon is the county seat of Geauga County. . . .
Charlton, Ohio: Willoughby is a community in Lake County, Ohio. During its history, the town has also been called Charlton, Chagrin, and Chagrin Mills. . . .
Chase, Philander: Philander Chase was a prominent religious and educational leader during the early nineteenth century. . . .
Chase, Salmon P.: Salmon Portland Chase was an Ohio governor and prominent political leader during the mid nineteenth century. . . .
Cheadle, Rial: Rial Cheadle was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Morgan County, Ohio. . . .
Child Labor: The use of children as laborers in Ohio's agricultural and industrial occupations occurred from the very beginning of the state's history. Native American societies commonly relied on children to assist in hunting, the growing of crops, and other tasks. . . .
Cholera Cemetery: The Cholera Cemetery is the site of a mass grave in Sandusky, Ohio where hundreds of victims of an 1849 cholera epidemic were buried. . . .
Cholera Epidemics: Beginning in the early 1830s, cholera epidemics killed thousands of United States citizens, including many Ohioans. . . .
Churches of God, General Conference: In 1830, John Winebrenner established the General Eldership of the Church of God. . . .
Cincinnati and Whitewater Canal: In 1836, the state of Indiana began construction on the Whitewater Canal in the southeastern part of the state. Cincinnati businessmen, concerned that the Whitewater Canal might reduce their business once it was completed, decided that it was necessary to build a canal that would connect the city to the Whitewater Canal. . . .
Cincinnati and Whitewater Canal Tunnel: In 1836, the state of Indiana began construction on the Whitewater Canal in the southeastern part of the state. Cincinnati, Ohio, businessmen, concerned that the Whitewater Canal might reduce their business once it was completed, decided that it was necessary to build a canal that would connect the city to the Whitewater Canal. . . .
Cincinnati College: Cincinnati College was founded in 1819. This institution of higher education actually began in 1815 as the Lancaster Seminary, a private high school. . . .
Cincinnati Enquirer: A number of newspapers were published in Cincinnati, Ohio, during the first half of the nineteenth century. The Cincinnati Enquirer, began publishing a daily paper on April 10, 1841. . . .
Cincinnati Fire Department: On April 1, 1853, Cincinnati, Ohio, established the first professional and fully-paid fire department in the United States. . . .
Cincinnati Historical Society: The Cincinnati Historical Society officially formed in 1963. . . .
Cincinnati Independent Colored School System: While many African Americans preferred life in the North both before and after the American Civil War, they still faced racism. In Cincinnati, white racism towards African Americans resulted in the Cincinnati Independent Colored School System. . . .
Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad: Construction of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad (CH & D) began in 1851. The railroad attracted German and Irish migrants who were looking for work. . . .
Circleville, Ohio: Circleville is the county seat of Pickaway County. . . .
Clark County: On December 26, 1817, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Clark County. The county was named in honor of George Rogers Clark, a hero of the American Revolution. . . .
Clay, Henry: Henry Clay was an important political leader and public servant in nineteenth century America. . . .
Cleveland University: Cleveland University was the first college established in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Clinton County: On February 19, 1810, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Clinton County. The county took its name from George Clinton, the Vice-President of the United States in 1810. . . .
Coal Mining: Coal mining began in Ohio during the 1810s and 1820s. . . .
Coffin, Levi: Coffin was born on October 28, 1798, in North Carolina. He was a member of the Society of Friends. Due to his religious beliefs, he became a strong opponent of African-American slavery. . . .
Cole, Thomas: Thomas Cole was a popular artist in nineteenth century America. . . .
Columbus, Ohio: Columbus is both the capital of Ohio and the county seat of Franklin County. . . .
Commercial Building (Maumee, Ohio): The Commercial Building is the oldest business building in Lucas County, Ohio. It is located in the city of Maumee. . . .
Compromise of 1850: The Compromise of 1850 was one of several attempts by both the North and the South to settle differences over slavery's expansion. . . .
Congregation of the Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary: The Congregation of the Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary is an order of Roman Catholic women dedicated to educating others. . . .
Congregationalist Church: The Congregationalist Church is a Protestant faith that originated during the 1500s. . . .
Congress Green Cemetery: In the early 1800s, North Bend, Ohio, residents established the "Pasture Graveyard." President William Henry Harrison's family originally owned the land. . . .
Corwin, Thomas: Thomas Corwin was a governor of Ohio and prominent American political leader in the years before the American Civil War. . . .
Coshocton County: On January 31, 1810, the State of Ohio authorized the creation of Coshocton County. The county's name comes from the Delaware Indian word for "black bear town." . . .
Coshocton, Ohio: Coshocton is the county seat of Coshoston County in east central Ohio. . . .
Covington & Cincinnati Bridge Company: The Kentucky General Assembly granted a charter to the founders of the Covington & Cincinnati Bridge Company in 1846. The company hoped to build a bridge across the Ohio River that would connect Covington, Kentucky, with Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Cowles, Betsy M.: Betsey Mix Cowles is known for her contributions to education and the women's rights movement in Ohio. She was also quite active in the struggle to abolish slavery. . . .
Cox, Jacob D.: Jacob Dolson Cox served as Ohio governor from 1866 to 1868. . . .
Crawford County: Crawford County formed on February 12, 1820. Residents chose the name Crawford in honor of William Crawford, a Revolutionary War hero, who was eventually burned at the stake by Indians in retaliation for the Gnadenhutten Massacre. . . .
Croghan, George: George Croghan was a prominent military leader during the early nineteenth century. . . .
Cutler, Ephraim: Ephraim Cutler was an early Ohio political leader and educator. . . .
Cuyahoga County: On January 16, 1810, the Ohio government established Cuyahoga County. Residents took the county's name from the Indian word "Cuyahoga" or "crooked river." The state made Cuyahoga County from part of Geauga County. . . .
Czech Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Czech ancestors. Today, Czech Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Darke County: On January 3, 1809, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Darke County. Residents named the county in honor of General William Darke, a hero of the American Revolution. . . .
David N. Myers College: In 1848, E.G. Folsom established Folsom's Business College, the predecessor of David N. Myers College and eventually Chancellor University, in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Davids, Tice: In 1831, Tice Davids, a runaway slave, fled from his owner in Kentucky. Davids swam across the Ohio River with his owner in close pursuit in a boat. Davids reached the Ohio shore at the town of Ripley just a few minutes before his owner, but the owner could not find his slave. . . .
Davis, Edwin: Edwin Davis was a physician and amateur archaeologist in Ohio in the mid-nineteenth century. He was born in 1811 in Chillicothe, Ohio. . . .
Davis, Hiram: Hiram Davis was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Gallia County, Ohio. . . .
Deaver, Affadilla: Affadilla Deaver was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Morgan County, Ohio. . . .
Defiance College: Modern-day Defiance College began as the Defiance Female Seminary in 1850. The United Church of Christ created this institution to provide schooling for young women. . . .
Defiance County: On March 4, 1845, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Defiance County. The county was originally parts of Williams, Henry, and Paulding Counties. . . .
Defiance, Ohio: Defiance is the county seat of Defiance County. . . .
Delaware County: On February 10, 1808, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Delaware County. The county was originally part of Franklin County. Residents chose to name the county after the Delaware Indian tribe. . . .
Delaware, Ohio: Delaware is the county seat of Delaware County. . . .
Demint, Fanny: Fanny Demint was a former slave of Thomas Worthington, who, upon gaining her freedom, followed Worthington to Ohio. . . .
Democratic Party: The Democratic Party is one of the two major political parties in the United States of America today. . . .
Denison University: Originally called the Granville Literary and Theological Institution, Denison University was founded by the Ohio Baptist Education Society in 1831. . . .
Dennison Jr., William: Ohio governor William Dennison, Jr., was born in Cincinnati on November 23, 1815. His mother, Mary Carter Dennison, was originally from New England, and his father, William Dennison, Sr., was from New Jersey. . . .
Der Ohio Adler: Der Ohio Adler was a German-American newspaper published in Lancaster, Ohio. . . .
Diebold Incorporated: Charles Diebold founded Diebold Incorporated in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1857. . . .
Dillingham, Richard: Ohioan Richard Willingham was a conductor on the Underground Railroad. . . .
Disciples of Christ: In 1809, Thomas Campbell, a former member of the Presbyterian Church, established “The Christian Association of Washington” in Washington, Pennsylvania. . . .
Ditcher, Jim: Jim Ditcher was a free African American. During the 1850s and 1860s, he lived in Ironton, Ohio, where he assisted runaway slaves in gaining their freedom. . . .
Donalson, Israel: Israel Donalson was a representative to Ohio's first constitutional convention in 1802. . . .
Douglas, Stephen: United States Senator and Presidential candidate Stephen Douglas was born on April 23, 1813, in Brandon, Vermont. His father trained him to be a cabinetmaker, but Douglas wanted to become an attorney. . . .
Drake, Daniel: Daniel Drake played a major role in establishing the Medical College of Ohio, founded in 1819. He also helped create the Commercial Hospital and Lunatic Asylum for the State of Ohio in 1820. . . .
Dred Scott v. Sandford: The court case Dred Scott v. Sandford fueled tensions between the North and the South that eventually led to the American Civil War. . . .
Dudley's Defeat: Dudley's Defeat was an important battle during the War of 1812. The battle took place during the first siege of Fort Meigs. . . .
Dudley, William: William Dudley was an important American military commander during the War of 1812. . . .
Dupree, William H.: Ohioan William H. Dupree served in the 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War and, following this conflict, became actively involved in securing equal rights for blacks with whites. . . .
Dutch Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Dutch ancestors. . . .
Dyke College: In 1848, E.G. Folsom established Folsom's Business College, the predecessor of Dyke College and eventually Chancellor University, in Cleveland, Ohio. Only two students enrolled in the school's first academic term, but the institution grew quickly. . . .
Eagle Ironworks: In 1832, Miles Greenwood established the Eagle Ironworks on the banks of the Miami and Erie Canal in Cincinnati, Ohio. The foundry quickly became the largest in the Midwest. . . .
Early Industrialization: Industries continued to grow as Ohio became more heavily populated and as available land became scarce. . . .
Early, Sarah W.: Ohioan Sarah Woodson Early was an African-American woman who was active in the Temperance Movement. . . .
East Liverpool, Ohio: Originally named St. Clair after the township in which it was located, the community of East Liverpool was founded by Thomas Fawcett circa 1799. . . .
Eaton, Ohio: Eaton is the county seat of Preble County, Ohio. . . .
Ebersole, Jacob: Jacob Ebersole was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Clermont County, Ohio. . . .
Eden Baptist Church: The Eden Baptist Church was principally an African-American church in Pike County, Ohio. . . .
Edward, Hannah, and Susan (Fugitive Slaves): Edward, Hannah, and Susan were three slaves who became embroiled in a court case in Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Elyria, Ohio: Elyria is the county seat of Lorain County. . . .
Emmett, Daniel D.: Musician and performer Daniel Decatur Emmett was born in Mount Vernon, Ohio, on October 29, 1815. As a child, Emmett had an interest in music. . . .
English Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from English ancestors. Today, English Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Erie & Kalamazoo Rail Road: The Erie & Kalamazoo Rail Road was the first railroad completed west of the Allegheny Mountains. . . .
Erie Canal: The Erie Canal was a 363-mile canal that connected the Atlantic Ocean, via the Hudson River in eastern New York, with Lake Erie. The Erie Canal provided the first waterway connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. . . .
Erie County: On March 15, 1838, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Erie County. The county was originally parts of Huron and Sandusky Counties. . . .
Esiason, Julius "Boomer": Julius "Boomer" Esiason was a professional football player and is a television sports commentator. . . .
Evangelical Lutheran Theological Seminary: In 1830, the German Theological Seminary opened in Canton, Ohio. This institution, a predecessor of Trinity Lutheran Seminary, was established to train ministers for the Lutheran Church. The seminary soon moved to Columbus, Ohio. It eventually became known as the Evangelical Lutheran Theological Seminary. . . .
Fayette County: On February 19, 1810, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Fayette County. The county was originally parts of Ross and Highland Counties. . . .
Female Moral Reform Society: The Female Moral Reform Society was one of the first national organizations that enabled women to escape the private sphere and to play a role in the public life. . . .
Female Protective Union: Cleveland, Ohio's Female Protective Union was a reform organization that sought to improve working conditions for women garment workers. . . .
Findlay Market: Findlay Market has a long history within the city of Cincinnati. It had its origins within a small store founded by General James Findlay in 1793. . . .
Findlay, Ohio: Findlay, Ohio, is the county seat of Hancock County. . . .
Finley, James: James Finley served as a missionary to the Wyandot Indians living at Upper Sandusky. . . .
Finney, Charles: Charles Grandison Finney is best known for his contribution to the religious movement known as the Second Great Awakening during the 1830s. . . .
Fire Engine: On March 2, 1852, three Cincinnati, Ohio, residents, Abel Shawk, Alexander Bonner Latta, and Miles Greenwood, began construction of the world's first practical steam-powered fire engine. . . .
First Anti-slavery Baptist Church (Chillicothe, Ohio): The First Regular African Baptist Church of Christ of Chillicothe, the predecessor of the First Anti-slavery Baptist Church and of the First Baptist Church, was an African-American church established in Chillicothe, Ohio in 1824. . . .
First Regular African Baptist Church of Christ of Chillicothe: The First Regular African Baptist Church of Christ of Chillicothe, the predecessor of the First Anti-slavery Baptist Church and of the First Baptist Church, was an African-American church established in Chillicothe, Ohio in 1824. . . .
First Women's Rights Movement: In North America, the women's rights movement first gained momentum with the American Revolution. . . .
Folsom's Business College: In 1848, E.G. Folsom established Folsom's Business College in Cleveland, Ohio. Only two students enrolled in the school's first academic term, but the institution grew quickly. . . .
Ford, Seabury: Seabury Ford was the twentieth governor of Ohio. . . .
Fort Meigs: Fort Meigs, built during the War of 1812, was a strategic fortification along the banks of the Maumee River in present day Perrysburg, Ohio. . . .
Fort Stephenson: Not long after the War of 1812 began, George Croghan became commander of Fort Stephenson. Located on the Sandusky River, the fort was important to Ohio's defense against the British. . . .
Fossett, Peter: Peter Fossett was a former slave of President Thomas Jefferson, who, upon gaining his freedom, moved to Ohio. . . .
Fossett, Sarah M.: Sarah Mayrant Fossett was an important advocate for African-American rights in Cincinnati, Ohio during the nineteenth century. . . .
Fowler, Chauncey: Chauncey Fowler was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Mahoning County, Ohio. . . .
Franklin College (New Athens): Alma College and its successor, Franklin College, were important educational institutions in Ohio during the nineteenth century. . . .
Franklin Museum of New Athens, Inc.: The Franklin Museum of New Athens, Inc., is a museum dedicated to preserving the history of Franklin College. . . .
Free Soil Party: The Free Soil Party ran its first candidate for President of the United States in 1848. The party was formed after the Liberty Party came to an end following its poor showing in the election of 1844. . . .
French Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from French ancestors. Today, French Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Fugitive Slave Law of 1850: The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 was part of the Compromise of 1850. This law required the United States government to actively assist slave owners in recapturing their runaway slaves. . . .
Fulton County: On February 20, 1850, the Ohio government established Fulton County. Residents chose the name Fulton in honor of Robert Fulton, the inventor of the first economically-viable, commercial steamboat. . . .
Fulton, Robert: Robert Fulton created the first economically-viable, commercial steamboat. . . .
Fusion Party: The Fusion Party was the original name for the Republican Party in Ohio. The Fusion Party was formed in 1854. . . .
Gage, Frances D.: Frances Dana Gage was an influential participant in the abolitionist, temperance and women's rights movements in Ohio in the years before the American Civil War. . . .
Galloway, Samuel: Samuel Galloway was a political leader and public servant from Ohio. He was born on March 20, 1811, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. . . .
Gant, Nelson T.: Nelson Gant was a former slave and conductor on the Underground Railroad. . . .
Garner, Margaret: Margaret Garner was a slave woman with a national reputation in the years before the American Civil War. In January 1856, she fled with her husband and four children (some sources say that she had six children) from her owner in Kentucky. . . .
Garrison, William L.: William Lloyd Garrison was a prominent American advocate of the abolition of the institution of slavery. . . .
Geauga County: On December 31, 1805, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Geauga County. It originally was a portion of Trumbull County and was part of the Connecticut Western Reserve. . . .
Geddes, James: James Geddes was born on July 22, 1763, near Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He worked on his parents' farm and taught school for a few years before moving to Kentucky in the early 1780s. . . .
Gee, John: John Gee moved to Gallipolis, Ohio, as a young man. He eventually became one of the community's largest landowners. . . .
Geneva College: During the mid nineteenth century, Geneva College was an institution of higher education in Northwood, Ohio. . . .
Genius of Universal Emancipation: Benjamin Lundy founded the newspaper The Genius of Universal Emancipation in 1821. Lundy was a member of the Society of Friends and one of the leading anti-slavery advocates in Ohio during the first half of the nineteenth century. . . .
Georgetown, Ohio: Georgetown is the county seat of Brown County. . . .
German Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from German ancestors. Today, German Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Germania: Germania was a German-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Giddings, Joshua R.: Joshua Reed Giddings was an abolitionist. He spent most of his life in Ohio and represented the state in the United States House of Representatives. . . .
Gist Settlements: The Gist Settlements were African-American communities that former slaves of Samuel Gist established in Ohio during the early nineteenth century. . . .
Gist, Samuel: Samuel Gist was a resident of Great Britain and Virginia. In his will, Gist freed all slaves that he owned in Virginia. Many of these newly freed people moved to Ohio, hoping to live a better life. . . .
Glenville, Ohio: Glenville, Ohio is a neighborhood area of Cleveland. It is located to the northeast of Cleveland. Historically, this neighborhood has been home to various ethnic groups. . . .
Gnadenhutten Grant: Following the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, the federal government opened the Northwest Territory to settlement by white Americans. Numerous white Americans either purchased or received land from the Confederation Congress and then, beginning in 1789, the United States government. One such group to receive land was the Moravians. . . .
Graham, John: Ohioan John Graham was an important social reformer during the first part of the nineteenth century. . . .
Grandin, Philip: Philip Grandin was a prominent real estate speculator in early Ohio. . . .
Gray, Thomas L.: Thomas L. Gray was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Morgan County, Ohio. . . .
Green, John: Elisha Young was a runaway slave from Kentucky, who settled in Morrow County, Ohio. . . .
Green, Shields: Shields Green, sometimes reported as Greene, was an African-American man. He participated in John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry in October 1859. . . .
Greene County: On March 24, 1803, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Greene County. The county was originally parts of Ross and Hamilton Counties. . . .
Greenville, Ohio: Greenville is the county seat of Darke County. . . .
Greenwood, Miles: Industrial innovator Miles Greenwood was born on March 19, 1807, in Jersey City, New Jersey. In 1817, he moved with his father to Ohio, settling near Cincinnati. . . .
Grindstones: Grindstones are pieces of sandstone shaped like a wheel. Especially during the 1800s and the early 1900s, individuals and businesses utilized grindstones to sharpen tools and other implements. . . .
Groesbeck, William: Ohio political leader William Groesbeck was born on July 24, 1815, in Kinderhook, New York. While he was still a baby, his family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Guernsey County: On January 31, 1810, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Guernsey County. Residents named the county after the "Isle of Guernsey."� . . .
Guilford, Nathan: Nathan Guilford's greatest contribution to Ohio's history was his immense support for publicly funded education. . . .
Gyser, John: John Gyser was an African-American Ohioan who purportedly assisted slave catchers in returning fugitive slaves to their owners. . . .
Hammond, Charles: Charles Hammond was an attorney, journalist and early Ohio political leader. . . .
Hanby, Benjamin: Benjamin Hanby was a minister, abolitionist and American musician in mid-nineteenth century Ohio. He was born in 1833 in Rushville, Ohio. In 1847, his father, William Hanby, helped establish Otterbein College in Westerville, Ohio. He moved his family to Westerville in 1853. . . .
Hancock County: On February 12, 1820, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Hancock County. Residents named the county in honor of John Hancock, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. . . .
Hanks, Jarvis F.: Jarvis Frary Hanks was a prominent Ohio artist during the 1820s, 1830s, and 1840s. . . .
Hardin County: On February 12, 1820, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Hardin County. Residents named the county in honor of John Hardin, a hero of the American Revolution. . . .
Harris, John: John Harris was a doctor in Bainbridge, Ohio, who specialized in dentistry. He moved from Cincinnati to Bainbridge during the mid 1820s, and in 1827, Harris began to teach students the basics of medicine to prepare them for medical school. . . .
Harrison County: On January 2, 1813, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Harrison County. Residents named the county after William Henry Harrison. . . .
Harrison Tomb: Prior to his death, President William Henry Harrison selected a knoll overlooking his home and the Ohio River for the site of his tomb, at North Bend, Ohio. . . .
Harrison's Road: During the War of 1812, General William Henry Harrison ordered the construction of a road connecting his troops with supply bases located in central, southern, and eastern Ohio. Harrison's Road passed through Defiance and Piqua. . . .
Harrison, William H.: William Henry Harrison was an American political and military leader and the ninth President of the United States. . . .
Harvey, Elizabeth B.: Elizabeth Burgess Harvey was a Quaker and an abolitionist in Warren County, Ohio during the 1830s and 1840s. Along with her husband, Jesse Harvey, Elizabeth was also responsible for founding the community of Harveysburg, Ohio. . . .
Harvey, Jesse: Jesse Harvey was an abolitionist in Warren County, Ohio during the 1830s and 1840s. He was responsible for founding the community of Harveysburg, Ohio. . . .
Harvey, Thomas: Thomas Harvey was born on November 18, 1821, in New London, New Hampshire. In 1833, his family moved to Concord Township in Ohio. Unhappy with farming life, at the age of fifteen, Harvey left home and moved to Painesville. He took a job in a publisher's office, learning the publishing trade over the next six years. . . .
Harveysburg Free Black School: Established in 1831 in Harveysburg, the Harveysburg Free Black School was the first free school for African-American children in Ohio. . . .
Heidelberg College: The German Reformed Church founded Heidelberg College in Tiffin, Ohio, in 1850. . . .
Hemingray Glass Company: The Hemingray Glass Company was a glass company founded in Cincinnati, Ohio, in the mid-nineteenth century. . . .
Hendricks, Thomas A.: Vice-President Thomas Andrews Hendricks was born on September 7, 1819, near Zanesville, Ohio. In 1822, his family moved to Shelby County, Indiana. Thomas Hendricks never again resided in Ohio. . . .
Henry County: On February 12, 1820, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Henry County, although the county remained a part of Wood County until 1824 and a portion of Williams County until 1834. . . .
Hessenmueller, Edward: Edward Hessenmueller was a prominent German American, who spent much of his life in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Hicks Settlement: Established in Ohio during the early nineteenth century, the Hicks Settlement, which eventually became known as the Stillguest Settlement, was a predominantly African-American community. . . .
Highland County: On February 18, 1805, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Highland County. The county was originally parts of Ross, Adams, and Clermont Counties. Residents chose the name Highland because the county is situated on high land between the Scioto and Little Miami Rivers. . . .
Hill, Alexander: Alexander Hill was once sheriff of Washington County, Ohio. He also was an important furniture maker during the early nineteenth century. . . .
Hill, Leverett B.: Leverett B. Hill was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Huron County, Ohio. . . .
Hillsboro, Ohio: Hillsboro is the county seat of Highland County, Ohio. Founded in 1807, Hillsboro was constructed to be the county seat. Before this community's establishment, New Market served as the Highland County seat of government. . . .
Hinckley Hunt: On December 24, 1818, more than 500 men participated in an organized hunting expedition, known as the Hinckley Hunt. The goal of the hunt was to rid Hinckley Township, in Medina County, Ohio, of animals that residents considered as pests or threats to their crops and livestock. . . .
Hiram College: The Disciples of Christ founded the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute in Hiram, Ohio, in 1850. Originally, the institute served as a preparatory school for students seeking advanced education. In 1867, the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute changed its name to Hiram College and received a new state charter that reflected the school's new focus. . . .
Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio: The Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio was founded in the nineteenth century to preserve and present the history of the State of Ohio. . . .
Hocking County: On January 3, 1818, the State of Ohio authorized the creation of Hocking County. Residents took the county's name from the Indian word "Hockhocking," which means bottle. The Hocking River, which flows through Hocking County, resembles the shape of a bottle. . . .
Holmes County: On January 20, 1824, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Holmes County. Residents named the county in honor of a hero from the War of 1812. Among the county's earliest residents were Amish people. . . .
Hopewell Furnace: One of the first iron manufacturing establishments in Ohio was Hopewell Furnace. Established in 1804, Hopewell Furnace was located near Youngstown. . . .
Howard, Edward: Edward Howard was a runaway slave from Virginia, who sought freedom in Canada. . . .
Hubbard House: The home of William Hubbard was a stop on the Underground Railroad in Ohio in the years before the American Civil War. Around 1840, William Hubbard built a house in Ashtabula, Ohio. . . .
Hubbard, William: William Hubbard was an abolitionist and operator of a stop on the Underground Railroad in the years before the American Civil War. He was born in 1787. . . .
Huber, Charles B.: Charles B. Huber was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Clermont County, Ohio. . . .
Hull's Road: During the War of 1812, General William Hull ordered the construction of a road connecting his troops at Detroit with supply bases located in Ohio. Hull's Road began in Dayton and passed through Urbana on to Detroit. . . .
Hull, William: William Hull was a military and political leader in the Midwest in the years after the American Revolution. He was born in 1753 in Massachusetts. . . .
Hunt, Ann M.: Ann Mary Jane (Dunlap) Hunt was a former slave in Kentucky, who settled, first, in Ohio and, then, in Canada. . . .
Huntington, Samuel: Samuel Huntington was Ohio's third governor, serving from 1808 to 1810. . . .
Huron County: On February 7, 1809, the State of Ohio authorized the creation of Huron County. Residents named the county after the Huron Indians. The county was originally a portion of the Connecticut Western Reserve and was also part of the Fire Lands. . . .
Hussey, Obed: Obed Hussey was a prominent inventor who developed a horse-drawn reaper. . . .
Huston Hollow, Ohio: Established in Scioto County, Ohio in 1830, Huston Hollow was a predominantly African-American community. . . .
Hutton, Massey: Massey Hutton was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Atwater, Ohio. . . .
Hyde, Udney H.: Udney Hyde was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Mechanicsburg, Ohio. . . .
Indian Land Grants: The Indian Land Grants were a type of land division in the Northwest Territory. . . .
Institution for Feeble-Minded Youth: On April 17, 1857, the Ohio government established the Institution for Feeble-Minded Youth. Located in Columbus, Ohio, the institution rented several buildings on East Main Street. . . .
Irish Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Irish ancestors. Today, Irish Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Irishtown Bend, Ohio: Irishtown Bend was a traditionally Irish community located along the Cuyahoga River in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Iron Production: Iron production during the early nineteenth century usually occurred on "plantations." . . .
Ironton, Ohio: Ironton is the county seat of Lawrence County, Ohio. . . .
Isolationists: Isolationists are Americans who are opposed to United States involvement in foreign affairs. People with these sentiments have existed since the founding of the nation. . . .
Issacs, Tucker: Tucker Isaacs assisted runaway slaves along the Underground Railroad in Ohio. . . .
Jackson County: On January 12, 1816, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Jackson County. Residents named the county in honor of Andrew Jackson, a hero of the War of 1812. Jackson also eventually became president of the United States. Most of Jackson County’s early residents were Welsh migrants. . . .
Jackson, Andrew: Andrew Jackson was an American military and political leader and the seventh President of the United States. He was born on March 15, 1767, at Waxhaw, South Carolina. . . .
Jackson, Ohio: Jackson is the county seat of Jackson County, Ohio. . . .
Jefferson, Ohio: Jefferson is the county seat of Ashtabula County, Ohio. . . .
Jefferson, Ohio (Madison County): West Jefferson, formerly known as Jefferson, is a community in Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Jewish Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Jewish ancestors. Today, Jewish Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry: In 1859, abolitionist John Brown was responsible for one of the most important events that led to the American Civil War. . . .
John P. Parker House: The John P. Parker House was an important stop on the Underground Railroad. It is located in Ripley, Ohio, and the home currently is a museum owned by the John P. Parker Historical Society. . . .
Johnson, Richard M.: Richard Mentor Johnson was a military and political figure in the American Midwest in the early years of the new nation. He was born in Kentucky on October 17, 1781. . . .
Johnston, John: John Johnston (also spelled Johnson) was an Indian Agent in Ohio in the early years of the new state. He was born in 1775 in Ireland. While he was a young child, his family moved to Pennsylvania. . . .
Johnston, John B.: During the mid nineteenth century, John Black Johnston was a prominent minister of the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America in Ohio. . . .
Jones v. Van Zandt: The United States Supreme Court case Jones v. Van Zandt pitted a Kentucky slaveowner against an Ohio abolitionist, who had assisted nine slaves in search of their freedom. . . .
Kansas-Nebraska Act: The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed in 1854 by the United States Congress to deal with the opening of the central Midwest to continuing American settlement. . . .
Kelley Bank Bill of 1845: The Kelley Bank Bill resulted from the Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States and the Panic of 1837. In 1832, Jackson ordered the withdrawal of federal government funds, approximately ten million dollars, from the Bank of the United States. . . .
Kelley, Alfred: Alfred Kelley was born in Middlefield, Connecticut, on November 7, 1789, and then moved with his family to Lowville, New York, at the age of ten. He trained as a lawyer under New York Supreme Court justice Jonas Platt beginning in 1807. . . .
Kenton, Ohio: Kenton is the county seat of Hardin County, Ohio. . . .
Kenyon College: Kenyon College is a liberal arts institute of higher education located in Gambier, Ohio, near Mount Vernon. . . .
King, Alexander: Alexander King was an abolitionist in Ashtabula County, Ohio and assisted John Brown in planning his attack on the federal arsenal located in Harper's Ferry, Virginia (modern-day West Virginia). . . .
Kingsbury, James: James Kingsbury was the first permanent white settler of the Connecticut Western Reserve. . . .
Kirker, Thomas: Thomas Kirker was an early governor of Ohio and political leader. . . .
Kirtland, Jared: Jared Kirtland was born on November 10, 1793, in Wallingford, Connecticut. His father was a representative of the Connecticut Land Company and moved to Poland, Ohio, in 1803. . . .
Know-Nothing Party: The Know-Nothing Party, also known as the American Party, was a prominent United States political party during the late 1840s and the early 1850s. . . .
Knowlton, Ephraim: Ephraim Knowlton was born in 1803. He came to the Cincinnati area in the early 1820s to supervise workmen on the Miami and Erie Canal. Knowlton founded the town of Cumminsville, named for David Cummins, one of the community's earliest residents. . . .
Knox County: On January 30, 1808, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Knox County. Resident named the county in honor of Henry Knox, a hero from the War of 1812 and the first United States Secretary of War. Knox County was originally part of Fairfield County. . . .
Lafferty Funeral Home: In 1848, William Voris Lafferty founded the Lafferty Funeral Home in West Union, Ohio. The Lafferty family has run the funeral home since that time. . . .
Lake County: On March 6, 1840, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Lake County. It originally was a portion of Geauga and Cuyahoga Counties. It also was originally part of the Connecticut Western Reserve. The county is named for Lake Erie, which forms Lake County’s northern border. . . .
Lake Erie College: Lake Erie College formed in 1856 as a seminary for women in Painesville, Ohio. The institution, originally known as Lake Erie Female Seminary, first offered classes in 1859, with 137 students initially enrolling. . . .
Lake Erie Female Seminary: Lake Erie Female Seminary formed in 1856 as a seminary for women in Painesville, Ohio. The institution, now known as Lake Erie College, first offered classes in 1859, with 137 students initially enrolling. . . .
Lambert Lands: The Lambert Lands were named for the Lambert brothers, two men who owned slaves in Virginia. The Lamberts purchased 265 acres of land in Morgan Township in Gallia County, Ohio. . . .
Land Act of 1804: The United States Congress passed the Land Act of 1804 to create terms for the sale of federal lands in Ohio. This act replaced the Harrison Land Act of 1800, which applied to federal land in the Northwest Territory. . . .
Land Act of 1820: During the early 1800s, many Ohioans purchased land on credit. During the War of 1812 and afterwards, farmers bought many acres of land from the federal government. This land had been part of the Congress Lands, set aside by the national government as it organized the Northwest Territory. It was not difficult for Ohioans to make payments on their loans as long as the economy remained strong, but by the late 1810s the state was in the midst of severe economic problems. . . .
Lane Theological Seminary: Lane Theological Seminary was founded in Cincinnati in 1830. The seminary was affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. Between 1832 and 1850, Reverend Lyman Beecher served as the head of the school. . . .
Langston, John M.: John Mercer Langston was the first African-American man to pass Ohio's bar exam. He also was an outspoken advocate of equal rights for African Americans with whites. . . .
Latrobe, Benjamin H.: Benjamin Latrobe was a prominent nineteenth-century American architect and engineer. . . .
Lawrence County: On December 21, 1815, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Lawrence County. Residents named the county in honor of James Lawrence, a hero of the War of 1812. . . .
Leary, Lewis S.: Lewis Sheridan Leary was an African-American man who participated in John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry in October 1859. . . .
Leggett, Mortimer: Mortimer Leggett was an attorney, educator and military leader in nineteenth century Ohio. . . .
Lewis, Samuel: The Ohio legislature appointed Samuel Lewis as Ohio Superintendent of Common Schools in 1838. His chief purpose as superintendent was to help the Ohio legislature establish standards that teachers and public school districts needed to meet to insure that students received a quality education. He also played an important role in determining how Ohio should fund its public schools. . . .
Liberty Party: Abolitionists formed the Liberty Party during the 1830s. In the early 1800's, the American anti-slavery Society was a major abolitionist organization in the United States. In 1839, the Society split. . . .
Licking Company: The Licking Company consisted of real estate speculators and early settlers of Licking County, Ohio. These men hoped to buy unimproved or undeveloped land in Ohio relatively cheaply and to sell it at a profit. . . .
Licking County: On January 30, 1808, the State of Ohio authorized the creation of Licking County. Residents named the county after the Licking River, which flows through the region. . . .
Lilienthal, Max: Max Lilienthal was born on November 6, 1815, in Munich, Germany. He earned his Ph.D. at the University of Munich in 1837, and he accepted an appointment as principal of a Jewish school in Riga, Russia, in 1839. . . .
Lima, Ohio: Lima is the county seat of Allen County. . . .
Literary Club of Cincinnati: The Literary Club of Cincinnati was founded on October 29, 1849. . . .
Little Miami Railroad: The Little Miami Railroad was the second railroad to be built in Ohio. The state legislature granted the Little Miami Railroad Company a charter in March 1836. The purpose was to connect the city of Cincinnati to Springfield. . . .
Locke, John: John Locke was born on February 19, 1792, in Fryeburg, Massachusetts (now Maine). In 1819, Locke graduated from Yale Medical School and briefly served as an assistant surgeon in the United States Navy. . . .
Logan County: On December 30, 1817, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Logan County. Residents named the county in honor of Benjamin Logan, a hero of the American Revolution and wars with Ohio’s Indian population. . . .
Logan, Ohio: Logan is the county seat of Hocking County, Ohio. . . .
London, Ohio: London is the county seat of Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Long, Ohio: Long, Ohio (sometimes called Longtown, Ohio) was a predominantly African American community in Darke County, Ohio. . . .
Longtown, Ohio: Long, Ohio (sometimes called Longtown, Ohio) was a predominantly African American community in Darke County, Ohio. . . .
Longworth, Nicholas: Nicholas Longworth was an American political leader, elected official and Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. . . .
Looker, Othniel: Othniel Looker was the fifth governor of Ohio and the only governor of Ohio who actually fought in the American Revolution. . . .
Lorain County: On December 26, 1822, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Lorain County. It originally was a portion of Huron, Medina, and Cuyahoga Counties. It also was a part of the Connecticut Western Reserve. . . .
Lower Sandusky: Lower Sandusky, now known as Fremont, is a community in Sandusky County, Ohio. It had its beginnings as a village of the Iroquois-speaking Wyandot Indians. . . .
Lucas County: On June 20, 1835, the Ohio government established Lucas County. Residents chose the name Lucas in honor of Robert Lucas, the governor of Ohio. Lucas County was part of the territory that came under dispute between Ohio and Michigan during the "Toledo War." . . .
Lucas, Robert: Robert Lucas was born in Shepherdstown, Virginia (modern-day West Virginia), on April 1, 1781. Not much is known about Lucas's early life, other than the fact that he received some training as a surveyor. . . .
Lundy, Benjamin: Benjamin Lundy was an abolitionist opponent of slavery in the years before the American Civil War. . . .
Lutheran Church: Martin Luther founded Lutheranism, a Protestant religious denomination, during the 1500s. . . .
Lyceums: Lyceums were a very popular form of adult education that spread across the United States between the 1830s and the Civil War. Josiah Holbrook established the first lyceum in Massachusetts in 1826, but by the 1830s a number of communities in Ohio had also created their own lyceums. In 1831, the National American Lyceum was founded. . . .
Macedonia Missionary Baptist Church: The Macedonia Missionary Baptist Church was probably the first African-American church established in Ohio. . . .
Madison County: On February 16, 1810, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Madison County. The county was named in honor of James Madison, the fourth president of the United States. . . .
Madison, James: James Madison was the fourth President of the United States. . . .
Madison, Ohio: Madison is a community in Lake County, Ohio. . . .
Mahan, Asa: Asa Mahan was an educator, reformer and the first President of Oberlin College. . . .
Mahoning County: The Ohio government authorized the creation of Mahoning County on February 16, 1846. Residents named the county after the Mahoning River. “Mahoning” is an Indian word meaning “salt licks.” . . .
Manifest Destiny: In 1845, John L. O'Sullivan, a newspaper reporter in New York City, coined the phrase "manifest destiny." O'Sullivan claimed that it was the God-given destiny of the United States of America to spread over North America. . . .
Mann, Horace: Horace Mann was born on May 4, 1796, in Franklin, Massachusetts. He graduated from Brown University in 1819 and proceeded to study the law. . . .
Mansfield Guards: At the start of the American Civil War, both the North and the South had to rely on individual states to supply the armed forces with men and supplies. In the case of Ohio, Governor William Dennison turned to the Ohio militia to provide the federal government with necessary troops. . . .
Mansfield, Ohio: Mansfield is the county seat of Richland County, Ohio. . . .
Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad: The Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad connected Wheeling, Virginia (modern-day West Virginia) to Cincinnati, Ohio, passing through Marietta. . . .
Marietta College: Marietta College is one of Ohio's oldest continually operating institutions of higher education. . . .
Marion County: On February 12, 1820, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Marion County. Residents named the county in honor of Francis Marion, a hero of the American Revolution. . . .
Marion, Ohio: Marion is the county seat of Marion County, Ohio. . . .
Marysville, Ohio: Marysville is the county seat of Union County, Ohio. . . .
Mather, William W.: William Williams Mather was Ohio's third Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Maumee Road Lands: In 1823, the United States Congress gave the State of Ohio approximately sixty thousand acres of Congress Lands. This grant became known as the Maumee Road Lands. . . .
McArthur, Duncan: Duncan McArthur, Ohio's eleventh governor, was born in New York on January 14, 1772. . . .
McArthur, Ohio: McArthur is the county seat of Vinton County. . . .
McClain, William: During the nineteenth century, William McClain was a ship captain on the Ohio River. . . .
McConnelsville, Ohio: McConnelsville is the county seat of Morgan County, Ohio. . . .
McCormick, Cyrus: Cyrus McCormick was born on February 15, 1809, near Lexington, Virginia. Hoping to reduce the workload on his farm, Robert McCormick, Cyrus's father, had tried to develop a mechanical harvester in the early nineteenth century. . . .
McCulloch v. Maryland: McCulloch v. Maryland was a landmark legal case in which the United States Supreme Court invoked the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution to support the conclusion that the federal government's power extends beyond the powers specifically listed in the Constitution. . . .
McGuffey's Reader: McGuffey's Reader was a series of textbooks written by William McGuffey during the mid-nineteenth century. McGuffey gained prominence as a professor of mental and moral philosophy at Miami University and eventually the University of Virginia. . . .
McGuffey, William H.: William McGuffey was born on September 23, 1800, in Pennsylvania. When he was two years of age, his family moved to the Western Reserve, near Youngstown, Ohio. . . .
McKendree, William: William McKendree was born in King William County, Virginia, on July 6, 1757. As a young man, he fought in the American Revolution against the British. Once the war was over, he became more and more interested in religious matters. . . .
McLean, John: John McLean was a an attorney, political leader and Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. . . .
McQuerry, George W.: George Washington McQuerry was an escaped slave from Kentucky, who sought his freedom in Ohio. . . .
Mead Corporation: In 1846, Daniel Mead founded the Mead Corporation in Dayton, Ohio. . . .
MeadWestvaco: In 1846, Daniel Mead founded the Mead Corporation in Dayton, Ohio. The Mead Corporation is currently known as MeadWestvaco. . . .
Meatpacking: During the nineteenth century, many Ohioans earned their livelihood through meatpacking. Cincinnati emerged as one of the major meatpacking centers of the United States. By the middle of the 1800s, the city was known as "Porkopolis," due to meatpacking's importance to Cincinnati's economy. . . .
Mechanics Associations: Mechanics Associations were organized labor organizations founded in individual communities in Ohio beginning in the 1810s and 1820s. . . .
Medary, Samuel: Samuel Medary was a nineteenth century Ohio journalist and political leader. . . .
Medical College of Ohio: Daniel Drake founded the Medical College of Ohio in 1819 in Cincinnati. He also helped create the Commercial Hospital and Lunatic Asylum for the State of Ohio in 1820. . . .
Medicine Before the Civil War: Before the American Civil War, diseases ravaged people living in Ohio. Cholera, tuberculosis, and various agues and fevers were common occurrences. Farming and hunting accidents, as well as injuries received in battles with Native Americans and the British, also occurred. . . .
Medill, William: William Medill was the twenty-second Governor of Ohio. . . .
Medina County: On February 12, 1812, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Medina County. It originally was a portion of the Connecticut Western Reserve. The county was named for the Arabian city of Medina, the former home of the Islamic faith’s prophet Mohammed. . . .
Medina, Ohio: Medina is the county seat of Medina County, Ohio. . . .
Meigs County: On January 21, 1819, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Meigs County. Residents named the county in honor of Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr., a former governor of Ohio. . . .
Mentor, Ohio: At the time of this writing, Mentor is the largest city in Lake County, Ohio. . . .
Mercer County: On February 12, 1820, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Mercer County. Residents named the county in honor of General Hugh Mercer, a hero of the American Revolution. . . .
Merrick, Myra K.: Dr. Myra King Merrick was the first woman medical doctor in Ohio. She moved to Cleveland to set up her practice in 1852. . . .
Methodist Episcopal Church: The Methodist Church is a Christian religious organization. The Methodist Church originated in 1729, at the University of Oxford in England. A group of students met to study Christian religious subjects. They followed a very methodical manner to celebrate their faith, and critics referred to them as Methodists as a result. . . .
Mexican War: The Mexican War was a major conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848. . . .
Miami and Erie Canal: The Miami and Erie Canal was one of Ohio's most important canals during the mid nineteenth century. . . .
Miami County: On January 16, 1807, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Miami County. Residents named the county in honor of the Miami Indians. Previously, the county had been part of Montgomery County. . . .
Miami University: Miami University is one of the oldest and best-known universities in the State of Ohio. . . .
Michigan Survey: The Michigan Survey helped escalate tensions between Ohio and the Michigan Territory over the two geographic regions' mutual boundary. . . .
Middletown, Ohio (Perry County): Somerset, which was once known as Middletown, was formerly the county seat of Perry County, Ohio. . . .
Millcroft: Built in 1816, the Millcroft was one of the earliest homes to be built in Milford, Ohio. The home was constructed on the most expensive lot in Milford. T . . .
Miller, William: William Miller founded Millerism. Miller, a farmer from New York, claimed to have discovered when Jesus Christ would return to Earth as stated in the Bible. Miller formed this belief in the 1820s but did not begin to share it with other people until the 1830s. . . .
Millerites: Millerites were disciples of William Miller. Miller, a farmer from New York, claimed to have discovered when Jesus Christ would return to Earth as stated in the Bible. . . .
Millersburg, Ohio: Millersburg is the county seat of Holmes County. . . .
Mineral Springs Health Resort: Located near Peebles in Adams County, Ohio, Sodaville, which eventually became known as the Mineral Springs Health Resort, was a prominent resort community known for its mineral springs. . . .
Missouri Compromise: The Missouri Compromise of 1820 maintained the balance among states favoring and opposed to slavery in the Congress of the United States. . . .
Mitchel, Ormsby M.: Ormsby McKnight Mitchel was an attorney, educator, astronomer and Union army military leader in the American Civil War. . . .
Monroe County: On January 29, 1813, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Monroe County. Residents named the county in honor of James Monroe, the current United States Secretary of State and eventually the fourth president of the United States. . . .
Montgomery Pike: Built between 1824 and 1829, the Montgomery Pike extended from the community of Montgomery to Zanesville. Montgomery originally began as a stagecoach stop along the Cincinnati-Zanesville Road. . . .
Moravian Grant: Following the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, the federal government opened the Northwest Territory to settlement by white Americans. Numerous white Americans either purchased or received land from the Confederation Congress and then, beginning in 1789, the United States government. One such group to receive land was the Moravians. . . .
Morgan County: On December 29, 1817, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Morgan County. Residents named the county in honor of Daniel Morgan, a hero of the American Revolution. . . .
Mormon Church: Joseph Smith, Jr., established the Mormon Church, also known as The Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints, on April 6, 1830, in Seneca County, New York. . . .
Morrow County: On February 24, 1848, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Morrow County. Residents named the county in honor of Jeremiah Morrow, a previous governor of Ohio. . . .
Morrow, Jeremiah: Jeremiah Morrow was a legislator, political leader and the ninth Governor of Ohio. . . .
Mount Gilead, Ohio: Mount Gilead is the county seat of Morrow County, Ohio. . . .
Mount Sterling, Ohio: Mount Sterling is a community in Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Mount Union College: Mount Union College obtained its charter from the state of Ohio in 1858, although the school had functioned as a private academy before that date. O.N. Hartshorn founded the college and served as its first president. . . .
Mount Vernon, Ohio: Mount Vernon is the county seat of Knox County, Ohio. . . .
Mt. Healthy, Ohio: The community of Mt. Healthy, originally known as Mt. Pleasant, was founded in the 1810s on land originally owned by John Cleves Symmes. . . .
Mt. Pleasant, Ohio: The community of Mt. Pleasant, originally known as Mt. Healthy, was founded in the 1810s on land originally owned by John Cleves Symmes. The town began with a tavern built by John LaBoiteaux circa 1815 along the Hamilton Pike. . . .
Muskingum College: In 1837, the Presbyterian Church founded Muskingum College at New Concord. It was one of the first coeducational institutions of higher education in the United States. . . .
Muskingum County: On January 7, 1804, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Muskingum County. The county’s name came from an Indian word for “near the river.” . . .
Napoleon, Ohio: Napoleon is the county seat of Henry County, Ohio. . . .
Nast, Wilhelm: Wilhelm Nast was born in Germany in 1807. He immigrated to the United States in 1828, eventually settling in Ohio. He became a professor at Kenyon College and served as a circuit rider, seeking converts to the Methodist faith. . . .
National Road: The National Road was one of the first paved (compacted gravel) roads to cross the Appalachian Mountains. . . .
Nativism: Nativism is a reaction against immigrants. . . .
New Berlin, Ohio: Samuel Bachtel laid out the community of New Berlin in February 1831. The small village was located in Plain Township, Stark County. Many of the early settlers of New Berlin were Germans. The original plan included twenty-three lots. . . .
New Hampton, Ohio: New Hampton was a community in Madison County, Ohio. . . .
New Lexington, Ohio: New Lexington is the county seat of Perry County. . . .
New Market College: In 1857, the predecessor of New Market College, the Rural Seminary, formed in Harlem Springs, Ohio. . . .
New Orleans: New Orleans is a city in southeastern Louisiana, along the Mississippi River. . . .
New Philadelphia, Ohio: New Philadelphia is the county seat of Tuscarawas County, Ohio. . . .
Nichols, Eli: Eli Nichols was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in New Castle, Ohio. . . .
Noble County: On March 11, 1851, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Noble County. Residents named the county after James Noble, one of the area’s earliest white residents. . . .
North and East of the First Principal Meridian District: The South and East of the First Principal Meridian District and the North and East of the First Principal Meridian District were two land divisions in the Northwest Territory. . . .
Norwalk, Ohio: Norwalk is the county seat of Huron County. In 1815, Elisha . . .
Oberlin College: In 1832, Presbyterian minister John L. Shipherd began planning to establish an institution of higher education in Oberlin, Ohio. The school opened in December 1833 and became known as Oberlin College. . . .
Oberlin, Ohio: John Shipherd, a Presbyterian minister, and Philo Stewart founded Oberlin, Ohio, in 1833. The town was named after Reverend John Frederic Oberlin, a famous minister in Alsace who had died in 1826. . . .
Oberlin-Wellington Rescue Case: The Oberlin-Wellington Rescue Case of 1858 showed how divided Ohio had become over the issue of slavery. . . .
Ohio and Erie Canal: The Ohio and Erie Canal was one of Ohio's most important canals during the mid nineteenth century. . . .
Ohio and Mississippi Railroad: The city of Cincinnati provided financial support for the construction of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad in 1854. The railroad was built parallel to the Cincinnati and Whitewater Canal. . . .
Ohio Anti-Slavery Society: Abolitionists established the Ohio Anti-Slavery Society in Zanesville at a meeting held in April 1835. Among the organizations founders were prominent abolitionists like Asa Mahan, John Rankin, Theodore Dwight Weld, and Charles Finney. . . .
Ohio Board of Agriculture: In June 1845, Ohio farmers organized the Ohio Board of Agriculture. During the following year, the Ohio General Assembly formally recognized the group as the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. The board's initial goal was to establish county fairs across Ohio. . . .
Ohio Canal Commission: The Ohio Canal Commission oversaw the construction of canals in the State of Ohio during the early and mid nineteenth century. . . .
Ohio Constitution of 1851: By 1850, many Ohioans believed that the time had come to replace the Constitution of 1802. New issues had arisen that the drafters of the first constitution had not foreseen. . . .
Ohio Constitutional Convention of 1850-1851: By 1850, many Ohioans believed that the time had come to replace the Constitution of 1803. New issues had arisen that the drafters of the first constitution had not foreseen. . . .
Ohio Cultivator: The Ohio Cultivator was a newspaper dedicated to helping farmers. Founded in Columbus by M.B. Bateham in 1845, the newspaper remained in operation until the Civil War when it was merged with the Ohio Farmer newspaper. . . .
Ohio Department of Agriculture: In June 1845, Ohio farmers organized the Ohio Board of Agriculture. . . .
Ohio Education Association: In 1847, a group of teachers met at the Summit County, Ohio, courthouse and established the Ohio State Teachers’ Association. The organization later became the Ohio Education Association. . . .
Ohio Female College: The Ohio Female College was located in Pleasant Hill, a community near Cincinnati. . . .
Ohio Female Medical Education Society: The Ohio Female Medical Education Society was one of the first organizations in Ohio to encourage women to join the medical profession. . . .
Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb: In 1827, the Ohio legislature authorized the creation of the Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. The institution opened in 1829, in a rented house in Columbus, Ohio at the corner of Broad and High Streets. During the institution’s first year of existence, only one student enrolled. . . .
Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind: In 1837, the Ohio government established the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind. This institution was the predecessor of the Ohio State School for the Blind. It was the first public school for the blind in the United States. . . .
Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company: The Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company was a banking institution located in Cincinnati, Ohio, during the 1830s, 1840s, and 1850s. . . .
Ohio Loan Law of 1837: On March 24, 1837, the Ohio legislature passed the Ohio Loan Law of 1837. This legislation was designed to assist the building of additional canals within the state. . . .
Ohio Lunatic Asylum: In 1837, the Ohio legislature established the Ohio Lunatic Asylum in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Ohio Mechanics Institute: Founded in 1828, the Ohio Mechanics Institute sought to assist Ohio's skilled workers with the state's rapidly industrializing economy. . . .
Ohio Naval Militia: The Ohio Naval Militia had its roots in the Ohio Militia, which was formed in 1803. . . .
Ohio Penitentiary: The Ohio Penitentiary opened in Columbus in 1834 and continued to house prisoners until 1979. The state had built a small prison in Columbus in 1813. But as the state's population grew the earlier facility was not able to handle the number of prisoners sent to it by the courts. . . .
Ohio Reform School: In 1857, the Ohio government established the Ohio Reform School. The Ohio Reform School was a reformatory for boys between eight and eighteen years of age. It was located approximately five miles south of Lancaster, in Fairfield County, Ohio, and the institution accepted its first inmate in 1858. . . .
Ohio School Law: Ohio's current school system is based upon the Ohio School Law. . . .
Ohio State Board of Agriculture: In June 1845 Ohio farmers organized the Ohio Board of Agriculture. In 1846 the Ohio legislature formally recognized the group as the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. The board proceeded to establish county fairs across Ohio. . . .
Ohio State Fair: The Ohio State Fair is an annual exhibition held at the Ohio Expo Center in Columbus that showcases Ohio farming and commercial products and achievements. . . .
Ohio State Journal: The Ohio State Journal newspaper originally began publication as the Western Intelligencer in 1811. The paper was published in Worthington, Ohio. . . .
Ohio State Medical Association: The Ohio Medical Association was established in 1835. . . .
Ohio State School for the Blind: In 1837, the Ohio government established the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind. This institution was the predecessor of the Ohio State School for the Blind. It was the first public school for the blind in the United States. . . .
Ohio State School for the Deaf: n 1827, the Ohio legislature authorized the creation of the Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. The institution opened in 1829, in a rented house in Columbus, Ohio at the corner of Broad and High Streets. During the institution’s first year of existence, only one student enrolled. . . .
Ohio State Teachers' Association: In 1847, a group of teachers met at the Summit County, Ohio, courthouse and established the Ohio State Teachers’ Association. The organization later became the Ohio Education Association. . . .
Ohio Statehouse: The Ohio Statehouse is the seat of Ohio’s government. It is located in Columbus, the state capital. Construction of Ohio’s current statehouse began in 1839 and was completed in 1861. . . .
Ohio Statesman: In 1838, Samuel Medary purchased the Western Hemisphere newspaper of Columbus, Ohio. He changed the paper's name to the Ohio Statesman. . . .
Ohio Tobacco Festival: Located in Ripley, Ohio, the Ohio Tobacco Festival commemorates the important role that tobacco has played in southern Ohio's economy since the nineteenth century. . . .
Ohio Tobacco Museum: Located in Ripley, Ohio, the Ohio Tobacco Museum commemorates the important role that tobacco played in southern Ohio's economy during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. . . .
Ohio Volunteer Infantry: By the 1820s and 1830s, the militias of most states were in decline. The U.S. Army increasingly relied upon volunteers or draftees to create a sufficient fighting force to serve with the soldiers in the regular army. . . .
Ohio Wesleyan University: Ohio Wesleyan University received its charter from the state of Ohio in 1842. The first college classes were offered in 1844. The school was associated with the Methodist Church from the beginning. . . .
Ohio Women's Rights Association: The Ohio Women's Rights Association was an early women's rights association in Ohio. . . .
Ohio Women's Temperance Society: Established in 1853, the Ohio Women's Temperance Society was an early temperance organization in Ohio. . . .
Old Colony Burying Ground: The Old Colony Burying Ground is one of the oldest cemeteries in Ohio. . . .
Old Tavern: The Old Tavern is the oldest surviving tavern in Ohio. . . .
Olde Wayside Inn: Built as the Bradford Tavern, the Olde Wayside Inn is one of the oldest buildings in West Union, Ohio. . . .
Osborn v. Bank of the United States: Osborn v. The United States was a legal case heard by the United State Supreme Court that affirmed the McCulloch v Maryland decision and prohibited states from taxing instruments of the federal government. . . .
Osborn, Charles: Charles Osborn was a journalist and outspoken opponent of slavery in the years before the American Civil War. . . .
Osborn, Ralph: Ralph Osborn was Ohio's state auditor during the Panic of 1819. . . .
Ottawa County: On March 6, 1840, the State of Ohio authorized the creation of Ottawa County. Residents took the Indian word for "trader" as the county's name. . . .
Ottawa, Ohio: Ottawa is the county seat of Putnam County, Ohio. . . .
Otterbein College: The Church of the United Brethren in Christ founded Otterbein College in Westerville, Ohio, in 1847. The college was originally known as the Otterbein University of Ohio and received its charter from the state in 1849. . . .
Ox Cart Library: The Ox Cart Library was the first publicly owned library in the Western Reserve of Connecticut in what is now northeast Ohio. . . .
Oxford Female Institute: In 1849, Herman B. Mayo, Alfred Luce, Robert H. Bishop, Jr., Peter D. Matson, Samuel R. Mollyneaux, Peter Sutton, William H. Smith, William A. Irwin, and Francis H. Peyton established the Oxford Female Institute. . . .
Painesville, Ohio: Painesville is the county seat of Lake County, Ohio. . . .
Panic of 1819: The Panic of 1819 and the accompanying Banking Crisis of 1819 were economic crises in the United States of America principally caused by the end of years of warfare between France and Great Britain. . . .
Panic of 1837: The Panic of 1837 was a financial crisis that had damaging effects on the Ohio and national economies. . . .
Panic of 1857: The Panic of 1857 was a nation economic depression caused, principally, by Europe's declining purchase of American agricultural products. . . .
Parker, Hortense: Hortense Parker was the daughter of John Parker, an abolitionist and conductor on the Underground Railroad. She was born in Ripley, Ohio, in 1859. . . .
Parker, John P.: John Parker was an active participant in the Underground Railroad in Ohio and helped runaway slaves escape to freedom in the years before the American Civil War. . . .
Parsons, Samuel H.: Samuel Holden Parsons was an American political and military leader in the years following the American Revolution. He was one of the first settlers in the Northwest Territory and one of its most prominent early leaders. . . .
Patterson, Isaac: Isaac Patterson was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Northwood, Ohio. . . .
Paulding County: On February 12, 1820, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Paulding County. Residents named the county in honor of John Paulding, a hero of the American Revolution. . . .
Payne Theological Seminary: In 1844, Payne Theological Seminary opened in Wilberforce, Ohio. This institution was and remains affiliated with the African Methodist Episcopal Church. . . .
Paynes Crossing, Ohio: During much of the nineteenth century, Paynes Crossing, Ohio was a predominantly African-American community on the border of Perry County and Hocking County. . . .
Pease, Calvin: Calvin Pease was born on September 9, 1776, in Suffield, Connecticut. Pease studied law and, in 1798, passed the Connecticut bar exam. Shortly after becoming a lawyer, Pease moved to the Northwest Territory. . . .
Pee Pee Settlement: Established in Ohio during the late eighteenth century, the Pee Pee Settlement was a predominantly African-American community. . . .
Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal: The Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal (P&O) was built between 1835 and 1840. Also known as the Mahoning Canal, the P&O connected Akron, Ohio, to the Beaver and Erie Canal in Pennsylvania. . . .
Perkins, Simon: Simon Perkins was an early settler of the Western Reserve of Connecticut in what would become northeast Ohio. Over a long and active life he would become involved in many of the most important economic and political events of his time. . . .
Perry County: On December 26, 1817, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Perry County. Residents named the county after Oliver Perry, a hero of the War of 1812. . . .
Perry, Oliver H.: Oliver Hazard Perry commanded the victorious American naval forces in the Battle of Lake Erie, during the War of 1812. . . .
Philipps Cemetery: The Philipps Cemetery is one of the oldest family cemeteries in Ohio. Most people interred in the cemetery were descendents of Welsh immigrants. . . .
Phillips, Thomas: Thomas Phillips (sometimes reported as Phillipps or Philipps) was one of the first Welsh migrants to Ohio in the late eighteenth and the early nineteenth centuries. . . .
Pickaway County: On January 12, 1810, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Pickaway County. . . .
Pickrell, Henry: Henry Pickrell was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Logan County, Ohio. . . .
Pike County: On January 3, 1815, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Pike County. Residents named the county in honor of Zebulon Pike, an explorer and the man who discovered Pike s Peak. In the 1830s, upon completion of the Ohio and Erie Canal, the county grew quickly. . . .
Plain City, Ohio: Plain City, which was formerly known as Westminster and Pleasant Valley, is a community in northern Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Pleasant Valley (Madison County), Ohio: Plain City, which was formerly known as Westminster and Pleasant Valley, is a community in northern Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Plunder Law: On March 24, 1837, the Ohio legislature passed the Ohio Loan Law of 1837. This legislation was designed to assist the building of additional canals within the state. It allowed the Ohio government to loan businesses one-third of the total costs to complete a project. . . .
Poke Patch Settlement: Established in Ohio during the early nineteenth century, the Poke Patch Settlement was a predominantly African-American community. . . .
Polk, James: James Polk was the 11th President of the United States. . . .
Pomeroy, Alanson: Alanson Pomeroy was a politician, a businessman, and a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. . . .
Pomeroy, Ohio: Pomeroy is the county seat of Meigs County, Ohio. . . .
Poorhouse: During the early nineteenth century, counties across the United States created poorhouses to assist financially-challenged residents. . . .
Popular Sovereignty: Popular sovereignty is a political term that simply means that the “people are the rulers.” This term is usually used in reference to political issues that are settled by popular vote or to governments based on the concept of democracy. . . .
Port Clinton, Ohio: Port Clinton is the county seat of Ottawa County, Ohio. . . .
Portage County: On February 10, 1807, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Portage County. It originally was a portion of the Connecticut Western Reserve. . . .
Portsmouth Brewery: The Portsmouth Brewery was an important business in Portsmouth, Ohio during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Portsmouth Cement & Lime: Portsmouth Foundry and Machine Works was an important business in western Portsmouth, Ohio during the nineteenth century. . . .
Portsmouth Foundry and Machine Works: Portsmouth Foundry and Machine Works was an important business in western Portsmouth, Ohio during the nineteenth century. . . .
Preble County: On February 15, 1808, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Preble County. Residents named the county in honor of Edward Preble, a hero of the American Revolution. . . .
Price, John: John Price, a runaway slave, became the center of the Oberlin Wellington Rescue Case of 1858. . . .
Procter & Gamble: William Procter, a candlemaker, and James Gamble, a soapmaker, formed the company known as Procter & Gamble in 1837. . . .
Procter, Henry: Henry Procter was a British military leader in and around the Great Lakes during the War of 1812. . . .
Property Tax: A property tax is a tax on privately-owned property. . . .
Protestantism: Protestantism is one of the three branches of the Christian faith. The other two Christian traditions are Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. . . .
Public Education: There were limited educational opportunities in the Northwest Territory and Ohio once it became a state. Mothers educated their children at home, although there were a number of schools founded in towns and villages. The settlers believed that schools would have a civilizing influence on Ohio, maintaining aspects of Eastern culture. . . .
Public Schools: There were limited educational opportunities in the Northwest Territory and Ohio once it became a state. Mothers educated their children at home, although there were a number of schools founded in towns and villages. The settlers believed that schools would have a civilizing influence on Ohio. . . .
Pugh, Achilles: Achilles Pugh was the founder of the A.H. Pugh Printing Company, a publishing firm located in Cincinnati. Pugh's company began publishing James Birney's abolitionist newspaper The Philanthropist in April 1836. . . .
Purcell, John: John Purcell was a prominent leader in the Roman Catholic Church in Ohio for much of the nineteenth century. . . .
Putnam County: On February 12, 1820, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Putnam County. Residents named the county in honor of Israel Putnam, a hero of the American Revolution. . . .
Putnam Greys: The Putnam Greys was a volunteer military unit in Putnam, Ohio during the 1830s, 1840s, and 1850s. . . .
Quinby, Ephraim: Ephraim Quinby was the founder of Warren, Ohio. . . .
Quinn Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church (Chillicothe, Ohio): The Quinn Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church was an African-American church established in Chillicothe, Ohio in 1821. . . .
Railroads: As early as the mid 1820s, Ohio residents advocated the building of railroads to speed travel time and to make it easier to ship products. . . .
Randolph, John: John Randolph was an early American political leader, long time member of Congress and a United States ambassador to Russia. . . .
Rankin House: The Rankin House was an important stop on the Underground Railroad. It is located in Ripley, Ohio, and the home currently is a museum owned by the Ohio Historical Society. . . .
Rankin, John: John Rankin was a Presbyterian minister and a prominent member of the Underground Railroad network that assisted runaway slaves in the years before the American Civil War. . . .
Ranney, Rufus: Rufus Ranney was a prominent nineteenth-century politician who served as a justice on the Ohio Supreme Court. . . .
Rarey, John S.: John Solomon Rarey was a world-famous trainer of horses who gained the nickname, the “Horse Whisperer,” due to his unique style toward wild horses. . . .
Ray, Joseph: Joseph Ray was a mathemmatics teacher who authored the most widely used math books in the United States in the mid-nineteenth century. . . .
Reemelin, Charles: Charles Reemelin was an important figure in Ohio politics during the middle part of the nineteenth century. . . .
Rees, Theophilus: Theophilus Rees was one of the first Welsh migrants to Ohio in the late eighteenth and the early nineteenth centuries. . . .
Relief Act of 1821: During the early 1800s, many Ohioans purchased land on credit. During the War of 1812 and afterwards, farmers bought many acres of land from the federal government. This land had been part of the Congress Lands, set aside by the national government as it organized the Northwest Territory. . . .
Republican Party: The Republican Party originated in 1854 as a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. This piece of legislation split Whig Party members along regional lines and illustrated that the party could no longer function as a single entity. . . .
Richland County: On January 7, 1813, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Richland County. Residents named the county after its rich soil. During the early nineteenth century, the county was home to John Chapman (Johnny Appleseed). . . .
Rider's Inn: Located in Painesville, Ohio, Rider's Inn was a stop on the Underground Railroad. . . .
Ripley Museum: Located in Ripley, Ohio, the Ripley Museum commemorates the community's past. . . .
Roman Catholic Church: Roman Catholics are the largest single Christian body in the world. They consist of those Christians who follow the dictates of the bishop of Rome, the Pope. . . .
Roseville, Ohio: Roseville is a small community located approximately ten miles south of Zanesville. . . .
Runaway Slaves: Before the American Civil War, a large number of runaway slaves passed through Ohio. One of the major reasons runaway slaves came to Ohio was the Underground Railroad. . . .
Rutherford v. M'Faddon: The Ohio Supreme Court case of Rutherford v. M'Faddon upheld the doctrine of judicial review of acts of the legislature, at the state level. . . .
S-Bridges: S-Bridges were a type of bridge used on the National Road. When viewed from above, they resemble the letter "S." . . .
Salem Grant: Following the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, the federal government opened the Northwest Territory to settlement by white Americans. Numerous white Americans either purchased or received land from the Confederation Congress and then, beginning in 1789, the United States government. One such group to receive land was the Moravians. . . .
Salt Sections: In 1824, the United States Congress gave the State of Ohio approximately four thousand acres of Congress Lands in Delaware County, Ohio and an entire township in Jackson County, Ohio. This grant became known as the Salt Sections. . . .
Sandusky and Mad River Company: The Sandusky and Mad River Company was one of the first railroad companies in Ohio. . . .
Sandusky County: On February 12, 1820, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Sandusky County. Residents named the county after an Indian term for "at the cold water." . . .
Sandusky, Ohio: Sandusky is the county seat of Erie County, Ohio. . . .
Sandy and Beaver Canal: Although the Ohio legislature issued the charter for the Sandy and Beaver Canal in 1828, the canal was not completed until 1848. . . .
Sarahsville, Ohio: Sarahsville was formerly the county seat of Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Schenck, Robert C.: Robert Schenck was a political and military leader in nineteenth century Ohio. . . .
Schoenbrunn Grant: Following the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, the federal government opened the Northwest Territory to settlement by white Americans. Numerous white Americans either purchased or received land from the Confederation Congress and then, beginning in 1789, the United States government. One such group to receive land was the Moravians. . . .
School Boards: School boards first formed in Ohio in 1825, when the Ohio government established public education in the state. . . .
Scio College: Scio College originated as the Rural Seminary in 1857, in Harlem Springs, Ohio. . . .
Sciotoville, Ohio: Once its own community in Scioto County, Ohio, Sciotoville is now part of Portsmouth, Ohio. . . .
Second Great Awakening: The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival that occurred in the United States beginning in the late eighteenth century and lasted until the middle of the nineteenth century. While it occurred in all parts of the United States, it was especially strong in the Northeast and the Midwest. . . .
Secondary Education: Publicly funded secondary education did not truly exist in Ohio until the passage of the Ohio School Law of 1849. Before this time, there were no public high schools. . . .
Seneca County: On February 12, 1820, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Seneca County. Residents named the county after the Seneca Indian tribe. Seneca County was originally part of territory set aside for Ohio’s Indian people by the Treaty of Greeneville. . . .
Seneca Falls Convention: In 1848, the first women's rights convention in the United States of America took place at Seneca Falls, New York. . . .
Seventh-Day Adventists: Many Seventh-Day Adventists originally were disciples of William Miller. Miller, a farmer from New York, claimed to have discovered when Jesus Christ would return to Earth as stated in the Bible. Miller reached this belief in the 1820s but did not begin to share it with other people until the 1830s. . . .
Shandy Hall: Shandy Hall is a museum in Geneva, Ohio. . . .
Shannon, Wilson: Wilson Shannon served as Ohio Governor from 1842 to 1844. . . .
Shelby County: On January 7, 1819, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Shelby County. Residents named the county in honor of Isaac Shelby. Shelby County was originally part of territory set aside for Ohio’s Indian people by the Treaty of Greeneville. . . .
Shipherd, John: John Shipherd is the founder of Obelin College. . . .
Sidney, Ohio: Sidney is the county seat of Shelby County, Ohio. . . .
Sieges of Fort Meigs: General William Henry Harrison ordered his men to build Fort Meigs on the southern bank of the Maumee River in February 1813. This fort was to serve as a supply depot and a staging area for the invasion of Canada during the War of 1812. . . .
Silliman, Wyllys: Wyllys Silliman was a lawyer and prominent politician during Ohio's early statehood period. . . .
Sims, Marcus: Marcus Sims, a free African American, was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Clermont County, Ohio. . . .
Sleet, Will: Will Sleet, a free African American, was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Clermont County, Ohio. . . .
Sloane, Rush: Rush Sloane was an important nineteenth century northern Ohio political and business leader. . . .
Smith, Adam: Adam Smith was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Meigs County, Ohio. . . .
Smith, Winthrop: Winthrop Smith was one of the founders of the Truman and Smith Publishing Company. . . .
Sodaville, Ohio: Located near Peebles in Adams County, Ohio, Sodaville, which eventually became known as the Mineral Springs Health Resort, was a prominent resort community known for its mineral springs. . . .
Somerset, Ohio: Somerset, which was once known as Middletown, was formerly the county seat of Perry County, Ohio. . . .
South and East of the First Principal Meridian District: The South and East of the First Principal Meridian District and the North and East of the First Principal Meridian District were two land divisions in the Northwest Territory. . . .
South Charleston, Ohio Confrontation: In 1835, pro-slavery advocates in South Charleston, Ohio threatened abolitionists with bodily harm at an anti-slavery rally. . . .
Spafford, Amos: Amos Spafford helped survey the Connecticut Western Reserve in the late 1790s. He also was one of the first settlers of Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Specie Circular: In July 1836, President Andrew Jackson issued the Specie Circular. Under this act, the government would only accept gold or silver in payment for federal land. This act prevented working-class Americans from purchasing federal land in the West, including in Ohio, due to the lack of gold and silver. . . .
Spencer, Platt R.: Platt Rogers Spencer was an educator and developer of a popular style of penmanship. . . .
Spencerian College: In 1848, E.G. Folsom established Folsom's Business College, the predecessor of the Spencerian College, in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Sprague, George: George Sprague was Ohio's fourth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Sprigg, William: William Sprigg was an attorney and an Ohio Supreme Court Justice during Ohio's early statehood period. . . .
Squier, Ephraim: Ephraim Squier was a newspaper editor and amateur archaeologist in Ohio in the mid-nineteenth century. Squier was born in 1821. He worked in both New York and Connecticut as a newspaper reporter before settling in Ohio in the mid 1840s. . . .
St. Mary Seminary and Graduate School of Theology: In 1848, the first Roman Catholic Bishop of the Cleveland Diocese, Louis Amadeus Rappe, founded St. Mary Seminary in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
St. Peter in Chains Cathedral: St. Peter in Chains Cathedral has been located in Cincinnati since the early years of Ohio statehood. . . .
Stark County: On February 13, 1808, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Stark County. Residents named the county in honor of General John Stark, a hero of the American Revolution. . . .
State Bank of Ohio: The State Bank of Ohio was founded in 1845, in response to Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States and the Panic of 1837. . . .
Steamboat Travel to New Orleans: The first steamboat to travel on the Ohio River was named the New Orleans. Although not as well constructed as later vessels, it managed to steam its way from Pittsburgh to New Orleans in 1811. Robert Fulton and his partner, Robert Livingston, built the New Orleans. . . .
Steamboats: Steamboats revolutionized river travel during the first half of the nineteenth century. Although early Ohioans used the Ohio River to transport agricultural goods and manufactured products even prior to the invention of the steamboat, certainly their advent made travel easier. . . .
Stethoscope: On December 16, 1851, Cincinnati, Ohio, doctor Nathan B. Marsh received a patent for his version of the stethoscope. . . .
Stewart, Charles: Charles Stewart was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Trumbull County, Ohio. . . .
Stillguest Settlement: Established in Ohio during the early nineteenth century, the Hicks Settlement, which eventually became known as the Stillguest Settlement, was a predominantly African-American community. . . .
Stone, Lucy: Lucy Stone was a prominent leader of the woman's rights movement in nineteenth century America. . . .
Stowe, Harriet B.: Harriet Beecher Stowe was an American author and abolitionist in the years before the American Civil War. . . .
Sullivan, Charles: Charles Sullivan was an important Ohio artist during the nineteenth century. . . .
Sullivant, William S.: William Starling Sullivant was a surveyor and prominent naturalist during the mid-nineteenth century. . . .
Summerfield, Ohio: Summerfield is a small community in Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Summit County: On March 3, 1840, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Summit County. It originally was a portion of the Connecticut Western Reserve. . . .
Sutliff, Levi: Levi Sutliff was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Trumbull County, Ohio. . . .
Swayne, Noah H.: Noah Swayne was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court in nineteenth century America. . . .
Tallentire, John R.: John Rubie Tallentire was a Methodist minister and also a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Ashland, Ohio. . . .
Tallmadge Church: In 1804, the Congregationalist Church authorized Reverend David Bacon to establish the town of Tallmadge, Ohio. Tallmadge was to be the center of the Congregationalist Church and its missionary efforts in the Connecticut Western Reserve. . . .
Tallmadge, Ohio: In 1804, the Congregationalist Church authorized Reverend David Bacon to establish the town of Tallmadge, Ohio. . . .
Tammany Society: The Tammany Society was a patriotic organization that championed democratic government and opposed aristocracy. Formed circa 1786, the Tammany Society had branches across the United States, but the most powerful office was located in New York. . . .
Tappan, Arthur and Lewis: Arthur and Lewis Tappan were successful businessmen and early leaders of the movement to abolish slavery in America. . . .
Tariff of 1816: Tariffs are taxes placed on goods imported from foreign countries. Tariffs serve two main purposes. First, these taxes allow a nation to raise money. Second, tariffs protect a nation's goods from cheaper priced foreign items. . . .
Taylor, Zachary: Zachary Taylor was born on November 24, 1784, in Orange County, Virginia. The following year, Taylor’s family moved to Kentucky. . . .
Tecumseh: Tecumseh was born in 1768, probably at Old Piqua, along the Mad River in Ohio. He was a Shawnee Indian and eventually became one of their greatest leaders. their greatest chiefs. . . .
Tecumseh's Confederation: During the early 1800s, Tecumseh, a leader of the Shawnee Indians, attempted to unite Native American tribes west of the Appalachian Mountains into a confederation. . . .
Temperance Movement: The Temperance Movement was an organized effort during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to limit or outlaw the consumption and production of alcoholic beverages in the United States. . . .
Temple-Tifereth Israel (Tifereth Israel): The Temple-Tifereth Israel, which is also known as Tifereth Israel, is Cleveland, Ohio's second oldest Jewish congregation. . . .
Tenskwatawa: Tenskwatawa (also known as The Prophet ), a member of the Shawnee Indians, was born in 1775. . . .
The One Study University: In 1857, the predecessor of "The One Study University," the Rural Seminary, formed in Harlem Springs, Ohio. . . .
The Philanthropist: The Philanthropist was an anti-slavery newspaper first published in Mount Pleasant, Ohio, in September 1817. Its first editor was Charles Osborn. . . .
The Rural Seminary: In 1857, the Rural Seminary formed in Harlem Springs, Ohio. . . .
Thomas, Nathan M.: Nathan M. Thomas was a physician and abolitionist who spent his youth in Ohio. . . .
Tiffin, Ohio: Tiffin is the county seat of Seneca County, Ohio. . . .
Tod, George: George Tod was a lawyer and prominent jurist who served as an Ohio Supreme Court Justice from 1806 to 1810. . . .
Toledo War: The Toledo War was a border dispute between the State of Ohio and the Michigan Territory during the first several decades of the nineteenth century. . . .
Toledo, Ohio: Toledo, the county seat of Lucas County, is located in the northwestern part of Ohio. . . .
Treaty of Fort Industry (1805): The Treaty of Fort Industry was signed on July 4, 1805. In this treaty the Wyandot Indians, the Ottawa Indians, the Chippewa Indians, the Munsee Indians, the Delaware Indians, the Potawatomi Indians, and the Shawnee Indians relinquished one-half million acres of land south of Lake Erie and west of the Cuyahoga River in northeastern Ohio. . . .
Treaty of Fort Industry (1805) (Transcript): A treaty between the United States of America, and the sachems, chiefs, and warriers of the Wyandot, Ottawa, Chipawa, Munsee and Delaware, Shawanee, and Pottawatima nations, holden at Fort Industry, on the Miami of the lake, on the fourth day of July, Anno Domini, one thousand eight hundred and five. . . .
Treaty of Ghent (1814): The United States and Great Britain signed the Treaty of Ghent on December 24, 1814, officially ending the War of 1812. England agreed to remove all soldiers from United States territory. This included soldiers in the American Northwest. England had kept soldiers on this land since the American Revolution in violation of the Treaty of Paris (1783). . . .
Treaty of Lewistown (1829): On August 3, 1829, members of the Shawnee Indians and the Seneca Indians signed the Treaty of Lewistown with the United States. . . .
Treaty of Little Sandusky (1829): On August 3, 1829, Delaware Indians and representatives of the United States signed the Treaty of Little Sandusky. . . .
Treaty of Little Sandusky (1829) (Transcript): Articles of agreement made between John M’Elvain, thereto specially authorized by the President of the United States, and the band of Delaware Indians, upon the Sandusky River, in the State of Ohio, for the cession of a certain reservation of land in the said State. . . .
Treaty of Little Sandusky (1831): On February 28, 1831, Seneca Indians residing along the Sandusky and the Little Sandusky Rivers signed the Treaty of Little Sandusky with representatives of the United States . . .
Treaty of Little Sandusky (1831) (Transcript): Articles of agreement and convention, made and concluded at the City of Washington, on the twenty-eight day of February, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-one, by and between James B. Gardiner, specially appointed Commissioner on the part of the United States, of the one part, and the undersigned, principal Chiefs and Warriors of the Seneca tribe of Indians, residing on the Sandusky river in the State of Ohio, on the part of said tribe, of the other part; for the cession of the lands now owned and occupied by the said tribe of Indians, lying on the waters of the Sandusky river, and situate within the territorial limits of the organized counties of Seneca and Sandusky, in said State of Ohio. . . .
Treaty of Maumee (1833): The Treaty of Maumee was signed on February 18, 1833. In this treaty, the Ottawa Indians living in Ohio gave up their claims to all of their lands located in the state. . . .
Treaty of Maumee (1833) (Transcript): Articles of a treaty made at Maumee in the State of Ohio, on the eighteenth day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-three, between George B. Porter, Commissioner on the part of the United States, of the one part; and the undersigned Chiefs and Head men of the Band of Ottawa Indians, residing on the Indian Reserves, on the Miami of Lake Erie, and in the vicinity thereof, representing the whole of said band, of the other part: . . .
Treaty of Miami (Maumee) Bay (1831): On August 30, 1831, representatives of the United States and the Ottawa Indians signed the Treaty of Miami (Maumee) Bay. . . .
Treaty of St. Mary's (1817): The Treaty of St. Mary's was signed on September 29, 1817. It was a supplement to the Treaty of the Maumee Rapids of 1817. . . .
Treaty of the Maumee Rapids (1817): Also known as the Treaty of the Rapids of the Miami of Lake Erie, the Treaty of the Maumee Rapids was signed on September 29, 1817. . . .
Treaty of the Maumee Rapids (1817) (Transcript): Articles of a treaty made and concluded, at the foot of the Rapids of the Miami of Lake Erie, between Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur, commissioners of the United States, with full power and authority to hold conferences, and conclude and sign a treaty with all or any of the tribes or nations of Indians within the boundaries of the state of Ohio, of and concerning all matters interesting to the United States and the said nations of Indians on the one part; and the sachems, chiefs, and warriors, of the Wyandot, Seneca, Delaware, Shawanese, Potawatomees, Ottawas, and Chippeway, tribes of Indians. . . .
Treaty of Wapakoneta (1831): On August 8, 1831, four hundred Shawnee Indians agreed to relinquish their claims to land in western Ohio in the Treaty of Wapakoneta. . . .
Treaty of Wapakoneta (1831) (Transcript): Articles of agreement and convention, made and concluded at Wapaghkonnetta, in the county of Allen and State of Ohio on the 8th day of August in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-one, by and between James B. Gardiner specially appointed commissioner on the part of the United States and John McElvain, Indian Agent for the Wyandots, Senecas and Shawnees residing in the State of Ohio, on the one part, and the undersigned, principal Chiefs, Headmen and Warriors of the tribe of Shawnee Indians residing at Wapaghkonnetta and Hog Creek, within the territorial limits of the organized county of Allen, in the State of Ohio. . . .
Treaty with the Delawares (1818): On October 3, 1818, the Delaware Indians agreed to relinquish all claims that they had to land in Indiana. In exchange, the United States government agreed to provide the Delawares with land west of the Mississippi River. . . .
Treaty with the Delawares (1818) (Transcript): Articles of a treaty made and concluded at St. Mary's, in the state of Ohio, between Jonathan Jennings, Lewis Cass, and Benjamin Parke, commissioners of the United States, and the Delaware nation of Indians. . . .
Treaty with the Miamis (1818): On October 6, 1818, the Miami Indians agreed to relinquish much of their land in Indiana and Ohio. . . .
Treaty with the Miamis (1818) (Transcript): Articles of a treaty made and concluded, at St. Mary's, in the State of Ohio, between Jonathan Jennings, Lewis Cass, and Benjamin Parke, Commissioners of the United States, and the Miame nation of Indians. . . .
Treaty with the Potawatomis (1818): On October 2, 1818, the Potawatomi Indians agreed to relinquish much of their land in Indiana. In exchange, the United States government agreed to pay the Potawatomi Indians a yearly annuity consisting of 2,500 dollars. . . .
Treaty with the Potawatomis (1818) (Transcript): Articles of a treaty made and concluded at St. Mary's, in the state of Ohio, between Jonathan Jennings, Lewis Cass, and Benjamin Parke, commissioners of the United States and the Potawatamie nation of Indians. . . .
Treaty with the Senecas and Shawnees (1832): The Treaty with the Senecas and the Shawnees (1832) modified an earlier treaty made in 1831 by the United States with the Seneca and Shawnee Indians. . . .
Treaty with the Senecas and Shawnees (1832) (Transcript): Articles of agreement, made and concluded at the Seneca agency, on the head waters of the Cowskin river, this 29th day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-two, by and between Henry. L. Ellsworth and John F. Schermerhorn, Commissioners, on behalf of the United States, and the Chiefs and Headmen of the "United Nation" of the Senecas and Shawnee Indians, on behalf of said Tribe or Nation. . . .
Treaty with the Senecas, Shawnees and Wyandots (1831): On July 20, 1831, the Seneca Indians and the Shawnee Indians agreed to relinquish their claims to land in western Ohio. In exchange, the United States government agreed to provide the tribes with sixty thousand acres of land west of the Mississippi River. . . .
Treaty with the Senecas, Shawnees and Wyandots (1831) (Transcript): Articles of agreement and convention, made and concluded at Lewistown, in the county of Logan, and State of Ohio, on the twentieth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-one, by and between James B. Gardiner, specially appointed commissioner on the part of the United States, and John McElvain, Indian agent for the Wyandots, Senecas and Shawnees, on the one part, and the undersigned principal chiefs and warriors of the mixed band of Senecas and Shawnee Indians residing at and around the said Lewistown, of the other part; for the cession of the lands now owned and occupied by said band, lying on the waters of the Great Miami river, and within the territorial limits of the organized county of Logan, in said State of Ohio. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots (1832): On January 19, 1832, a group of Wyandot Indians agreed to relinquish all claims to a reservation in Ohio. The reservation consisted of sixteen thousand acres of land. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots (1832) (Transcript): Articles of agreement and convention made and concluded at McCutcheonsville, Crawford county, Ohio, on the nineteenth day of January, 1832, by and between James B. Gardiner, specially appointed commissioner on the part of the United States, and the Chiefs, Headmen and Warriors of the band of Wyandots, residing at the Big Spring in said county of Crawford, and owning a reservation of 16,000 acres at that place. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots (1836): On April 23, 1836, the Wyandot Indians agreed to relinquish all claims to three parcels of land in Crawford County, Ohio. Under this agreement, the United States government would sell the land and provide the Indians with all profits from the land sale. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots (1836) (Transcript): Articles of a treaty made and concluded between John A. Bryan, commissioner on the part of the United States, and William Walker, John Barnett, and Peacock, chiefs and principal men of the Wyandot tribe of Indians in Ohio, acting for and on behalf of the said tribe. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots (1842) (Upper Sandusky): On March 17, 1842, the Wyandot Indians agreed to relinquish all claims to land in Ohio and Michigan. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots (1842) (Upper Sandusky) (Transcript): John Tyler, President of the United States of America, by John Johnston, formerly agent for Indian affairs, now a citizen of the State ofOhio, commissioner duly authorized and appointed to treat with the WyandottNation of Indians for a cession of all their lands lying and being in theStates of Ohio and Michigan; and the duly constituted chiefs, counsellors, andhead-men, of the said Wyandott Nation, in full council assembled, on the other part, have entered into the following articles and conditions, viz: . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawnees, Senecas, and Miamis (1814): In 1814, William Henry Harrison and Lewis Cass negotiated a treaty with the Wyandot Indians, the Delaware Indians, the Shawnee Indians, the Seneca Indians, and the Miami Indians on the behalf of the United States government. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawnees, Senecas, and Miamis (1814) (Transcript): A treaty of peace and friendship between the United States of America, and the tribes of Indians called the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanoese, Senecas, and Miamies. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawnees, Senecas, Ottawas, Chippewas, Potawatomies, and Miamis (1815): Leaders from eight groups of Native Americans met in 1815 with William Henry Harrison, Duncan McArthur, and John Graham, who were representatives of the United States government. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawnees, Senecas, Ottawas, Chippewas, Potawatomies, and Miamis (1815) (Transcript): Sept. 8, 1815. A Treaty between the United States of America and the Wyandot, Delaware, Seneca, Shawanoe, Miami, Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatimie, Tribes of Indians, residing within the limits of the State of Ohio, and the Territories of Indiana and Michigan. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots, Shawnees, Senecas, and Ottawas (1818): On September 29, 1817, Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur, commissioners from the United States government, and representatives from the Wyandot Indians, the Shawnee Indians, the Seneca Indians, and the Delaware Indians began negotiations to determine the location of Native American land in Ohio. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots, Shawnees, Senecas, and Ottawas (1818) (Transcript): Articles of a treaty made and concluded, at St. Mary’s, in the state of Ohio, between Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur, commissioners of the United States, with full power and authority to hold conferences, and conclude and sign a treaty or treaties, with all or any of the tribes or nations of Indians within the boundaries of the state of Ohio, of and concerning all matters interesting to the United States and the said nations of Indians, and the sachems, chiefs, and warriors, of the Wyandot, Seneca, Shawnese, and Ottawas, tribes of Indians; being supplementary to the treaty made and concluded with the said tribes, and the Delaware, Potawatamie, and Chippewa, tribes of Indians, at the foot of the Rapids of the Miami of Lake Erie, on the twenty-ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventeen. . . .
Tremont, Ohio: Tremont, Ohio is a suburb of Cleveland. It is located to the west of downtown Cleveland. . . .
Trimble, Allen: Allen Trimble served as governor of Ohio during the first portion of the nineteenth century. . . .
Trinity Lutheran Seminary: In 1830, the German Theological Seminary opened in Canton, Ohio. This institution, a predecessor of Trinity Lutheran Seminary, was established to train ministers for the Lutheran Church. . . .
Trotter, James M.: James Monroe Trotter served in the 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War and, following this conflict, became the first African American to find employment in the Boston, Massachusetts division of the United States Post Office. . . .
Troy, Ohio: Troy is the county seat of Miami County, Ohio. . . .
Truth, Sojourner: Sojourner Truth was born in 1797, in a Dutch community in the State of New York. She was born a slave. Her original name was Isabella Baumfree. . . .
Tuberculosis: Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, tuberculosis was a disease that affected many Americans. Rapid urbanization had created poor living conditions for people who lived in American cities. Many cities had limited sanitation services, and apartment buildings, commonly known as tenements, had poor ventilation. . . .
Turnpike Lands: In 1827, the United States Congress gave the State of Ohio 31,360 acres of Congress Lands. This grant became known as the Turnpike Lands. . . .
Tuscarawas County: On February 13, 1808, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Tuscarawas County. Residents named the county after an Indian word meaning “open mouth.” . . .
Twelve-Mile Square Reservation: The Twelve-Mile Square Reservation was a land division in the Northwest Territory. . . .
Uncle Tom's Cabin: During the early 1850s, Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin. Stowe became an abolitionist during the 1830s when she lived in Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Underground Railroad: The Underground Railroad was a system of safe houses and hiding places that helped runaway slaves escape to freedom in Canada, Mexico, and elsewhere outside of the United States. . . .
Union Baptist Church (Cincinnati, Ohio): The African Union Baptist Church, originally known as the First African Baptist Church and now known as the Union Baptist Church, was the first African-American church in Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Union County: On January 10, 1820, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Union County. The state formed the county from parts of Franklin, Delaware, Logan, and Madison Counties. Because the county was formed from a union of parts of other counties, residents chose the name Union for the new county. . . .
Union Humane Society: In 1815, Benjamin Lundy established the first society west of the Appalachian Mountains dedicated to the abolition of slavery. It was known as the Union Humane Society and was located in St. Clairsville, Ohio. . . .
United States of America v. Langham & Johnston: The court case United States of America v. Langham & Johnston illustrates the poor status of the legal system in the Northwest Territory and in the wider United States of America during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. . . .
University of Cincinnati: The Ohio legislature chartered a university in Cincinnati in 1870. Originally known as McMicken University, a month after the college's founding, the university's board of directors changed the institution's name to the University of Cincinnati. . . .
University of Dayton: In 1850, the Society of Mary, an order within the Roman Catholic Church, founded the University of Dayton in Dayton, Ohio. . . .
Upper Sandusky, Ohio: Upper Sandusky had its beginnings as a village of the Wyandot Indians. . . .
Urbana University: On March 7, 1850, the Swedenborgian Church founded Urbana University in Urbana, Ohio. . . .
Urbana, Ohio: Urbana is the county seat of Champaign County, Ohio. . . .
Ursuline Sisters of Cleveland: In 1850, four members of the Sisters of Ursula arrived in Cleveland, Ohio. They came at the invitation of Amadeus Rappe, the first Catholic bishop in Cleveland. The Ursuline Sisters immediately founded a school for younger children. . . .
Van Wert County: On February 12, 1820, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Van Wert County. Residents named the county in honor of Isaac Van Wert, a hero of the American Revolution. . . .
Van Wert, Ohio: The town of Van Wert is the county seat of Van Wert County, Ohio. . . .
Van Zandt, John: John Van Zandt was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Hamilton County, Ohio. . . .
Vance, Joseph: Joseph Vance was Ohio's thirteenth governor. . . .
Vinton County: On March 23, 1850, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Vinton County. Residents named the county after Samuel Finley Vinton, a member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio. . . .
Wadsworth Hotel: The Wadsworth Hotel played an important role in the Oberlin-Wellington Rescue Case. . . .
Wadsworth, Elijah: Elijah Wadsworth was an American general during the War of 1812. . . .
Walnut Street United Methodist Church (Chillicothe, Ohio): The Walnut Street United Methodist Church was one of the earliest churches in Chillicothe, Ohio. . . .
Wapakoneta, Ohio: Wapakoneta is the county seat of Auglaize County. . . .
War of 1812: The War of 1812 was fought between the United States and Great Britain from 1812 until 1815. . . .
Washington Court House, Ohio: Washington Court House is the county seat of Fayette County, Ohio. . . .
Wauseon, Ohio: Wauseon is the county seat of Fulton County. . . .
Waverly, Ohio: Waverly is the county seat of Pike County, Ohio. . . .
Wea Indians: The Wea Indians were members of the Miami Indians, although they lived apart from the Miami nation. . . .
Weiss, Isaac M.: Cincinnati resident, Isaac Mayer Weiss was a nationally prominent Jewish leader in the late-nineteenth century. . . .
Weld, Theodore D.: Theodore Dwight Weld was a prominent nineteenth century American reformer and educator. . . .
Wells, Bezaleel: Bezaleel Wells founded Steubenville on the ruins of Fort Steuben in 1797. . . .
Welsh Ohioans: Like numerous other nationalities, ethnic Welsh people viewed Ohio as a land of opportunity during the 1800s. . . .
Wentworth, Ella: Ella Wentworth, a resident of Cincinnati, was a woman far ahead of her times. Wentworth began editing The Literary Journal in the city in 1853. . . .
Wesleyan Church of America: In 1843, some members of the Methodist Episcopal Church left to establish the Wesleyan Methodist Church, the predecessor of the Wesleyan Church of America. . . .
Wesleyan Methodist Church: In 1843, some members of the Methodist Episcopal Church left to establish the Wesleyan Methodist Church. The principal reason for this separation was the strong opposition to slavery and wide support for women's rights among the people who came to call themselves Wesleyan Methodists. . . .
West Jefferson, Ohio: West Jefferson, formerly known as Jefferson, is a community in Madison County, Ohio. . . .
West Liberty, Ohio: West Liberty is a small community in Logan County, Ohio. . . .
West Union, Ohio: West Union is the county seat of Adams County, Ohio. . . .
Western College: The predecessor to Western College originated in 1853, when the Western Female Seminary was established in Oxford, Ohio. It was a women’s college, which sought to provide religious instruction and a college education similar to one offered to men in other institutions. . . .
Western College for Women: The predecessor to the Western College for Women originated in 1853, when the Western Female Seminary was established in Oxford, Ohio. . . .
Western Reserve College: Western Reserve College opened in 1826. It was the first institution of higher education in what had been the Connecticut Western Reserve in northeast Ohio. Western Reserve College was closely affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. . . .
Westerville, Ohio: Westerville is a suburb of Columbus, Ohio, located to the northeastern corner of Franklin County. . . .
Westminster, Ohio: Plain City, which was formerly known as Westminster and Pleasant Valley, is a community in northern Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Whig Party: The Whig Party originated during the mid 1830s. The Whigs included traditional enemies who united in their opposition to President Andrew Jackson and his policies. . . .
White Jr., Samuel: Samuel White, Jr., was a prominent resident of Granville, Ohio during the early nineteenth century. He was a Welsh American. . . .
White, Addison: Addison White was an slave from Kentucky who escaped to Ohio in 1856. . . .
Whittlesey, Charles: Charles Whittlesey was a prominent soldier, attorney and scholar in nineteenth century Ohio. . . .
Wilberforce: Wilberforce was an African American community in Canada founded by people from southern Ohio. . . .
Wilberforce University: In 1856, the Methodist Episcopal Church established Wilberforce University near Xenia, Ohio, to provide African American access to a college education. The university was the first private black college in the United States. . . .
Williams County: On February 12, 1820, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Williams County. Residents named the county in honor of David Williams, a hero of the American Revolution. . . .
Williamsburg, Ohio (Noble County): Williamsburg, now known as Batesville, is a small community in Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Willoughby, Ohio: Willoughby is a community in Lake County, Ohio. During its history, the town has also been called Charlton, Chagrin, and Chagrin Mills. . . .
Wilmington, Ohio: Wilmington is the county seat of Clinton County, Ohio. . . .
Wilmot Proviso: The Wilmot Proviso was a proposal to prohibit slavery in the territory acquired by the United States at the conclusion of the Mexican War. . . .
Wilson, Robert: Robert Wilson was a conductor on the Underground Railroad near Loudonville, Ohio. . . .
Wittenberg University: Associated with the Lutheran Church, Wittenberg University was founded in Springfield, Ohio, in 1845. . . .
Women: Women faced many challenges in early Ohio. The first white women arrived in the Ohio Country around the time of the American Revolution, as wives of missionaries and soldiers. The first white child born in Ohio was Johanna Maria Heckewelder, daughter of missionaries sent by the Moravian Church to convert the Delaware Indians. . . .
Women in the Industrial Workforce: Prior to the American Civil War, the vast majority of Ohioans earned their living by farming. Men worked in the fields, while women cared for the home. . . .
Wood County: On February 12, 1820, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Wood County. Residents named the county in honor of a hero of the War of 1812. . . .
Wood, Reuben: Reuben Wood was a governor of Ohio during the early 1850s. . . .
Woodruff, Amos: Amos Woodruff was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Hinckley, Ohio. . . .
Woodsfield, Ohio: Woodsfield is the county seat of Monroe County, Ohio. . . .
Wooster, Ohio: Wooster is the county seat of Wayne County, Ohio. . . .
Worthington, Ohio: James Kilbourne established Worthington in 1804. . . .
Worthington, Sarah: Sarah Worthington King Peter was a nineteenth-century American philanthropist and patron of the arts. . . .
Wright, John C.: John Crafts Wright was a journalist and political leader in Ohio in the years before the American Civil War. . . .
Wyandot County: On February 3, 1845, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Wyandot County. Residents named the county in honor of the Wyandot Indians. . . .
Xavier University: In 1831, Bishop Edward Fenick established a college called the Athenaeum in Cincinnati. This school was the first Roman Catholic college founded in Ohio. . . .
Xenia, Ohio: Xenia is the county seat of Greene County, Ohio. . . .
Yellow Springs, Ohio: The first white residents of what is now Yellow Springs, Ohio arrived in the area during the first decade of the nineteenth century. . . .
Young Men's Christian Association: In June 1844, twelve men in London, England, established the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA). . . .
Young Mens Mercantile Library Association: The Young Men's Mercantile Library Association began as an educational organization of forty-five young Cincinnati businessmen. The association began on April 18, 1835. . . .
Young Women's Christian Association: In 1855, the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) was founded in England. . . .
Zanesfield, Ohio: Zanesfield is a small community in Logan County, Ohio. . . .
Zoar, Ohio: Zoar, a small community in Tuscarawas County, was founded by a group of German separatists in 1817. . . .
Zoarites: A group of separatists, eventually known as Zoarites, established the small community of Zoar in Tuscarawas County. . . .