Industrialization and Urbanization (1866-1900)

Ohio underwent tremendous change in the late nineteenth century. While Ohio had boasted one of the most diverse economies in the United States of America before the Civil War, agriculture still dominated. During the late 1800s, industrialization erupted in the state. Thousands of people moved into Ohio's cities, seeking jobs in the new industries. These people included former residents of Ohio's rural communities, people from within the United States, and also foreigners. Ohio's population grew quickly, from just over 2.3 million residents in 1860 to approximately 4.2 million people. The state's cities swelled, initially causing numerous problems for local governments as they tried to meet the needs of the new residents. This era was one of immense change. Many of these changes proved to be beneficial for Ohio's people, but not everyone experienced a better life.

To learn more about this important era in Ohio's history, please browse these entries at your leisure.

There are 506 entries matching this time period. They are listed below in alphabetical order.

1882 Lake Erie Mystery Wave: Large waves arriving from a calm Lake Erie have hit the north coast of Ohio at least twice, in 1882 and 1942. . . .
1886 Xenia Flood: The deadliest flash flood in Ohio history roared through Xenia late on Wednesday, May 12th, 1886, killing 28 people. . . .
1886: Ohio's Deadliest Tornadoes of the 19th Century: May 1886 was a deadly month in Ohio weather. Floods killed 28 people at Xenia on May 12th and two days later, on May 14, 1886, Ohio’s deadliest tornado outbreak of the 19th century occurred. . . .
African Americans: Numerous African Americans have resided in Ohio. Today, African-American Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Akron Iron Company: Lewis Miller, Cornelius Aultman, and some of their associates formed the Akron Iron Company during the 1870s. . . .
Albanian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Albanian ancestors. Today, Albanian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Alma College: Alma College and its successor, Franklin College, were important educational institutions in Ohio during the nineteenth century. . . .
Amalgamated Association of Miners of the United States: In 1882, miners in Ohio established the Ohio Miners' Amalgamated Association. In 1883, the Ohio Miners' Amalgamated Association became the Amalgamated Association of Miners of the United States, a national union. . . .
American Cereal Company: The American Cereal Company was founded in 1891. While its corporate offices were eventually located in Chicago, Illinois, the primary manufacturing center for its cereals was in Akron, Ohio. . . .
American Federation of Labor: Established in 1886, the American Federation of Labor is an umbrella organization for other unions. . . .
American Steel and Wire Company: In 1899, numerous barbwire production companies merged together to form the American Steel and Wire Company. These businesses included ones in Texas, Illinois, Massachusetts, Ohio, and several other states. . . .
American Veterans of Foreign Service: In 1899, some veterans from the Spanish-American War and the Philippine Insurrection met in Columbus, Ohio, and formed the American Veterans of Foreign Service. . . .
Andrew Johnson's Impeachment: Andrew Johnson was the first President of the United States of America to be impeached. . . .
Anti-Saloon League of America: The Anti-Saloon League of America was one of the most prominent prohibition organizations in the United States of America in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Art Academy of Cincinnati: In 1880, Charles W. West of Cincinnati donated 150,000 dollars to the Cincinnati Museum Association to establish an art museum in the city. . . .
Ashland College: The United Brethren Church opened Ashland College, the predecessor of Ashland University, in 1879, in Ashland, Ohio. . . .
Ashland Theological Seminary: The United Brethren Church opened Ashland College, the predecessor of Ashland Theological Seminary and of Ashland University, in 1879, in Ashland, Ohio. . . .
Ashland University: The United Brethren Church opened Ashland College, the predecessor of Ashland University, in 1879, in Ashland, Ohio. . . .
Ashtabula Train Disaster of 1876: In December 1876, a Howe-truss bridge, near Ashtabula, Ohio, collapsed while a train with three passenger cars was crossing it. . . .
Association of Ex-Pupils: In 1869, the Grand Army of the Republic, a veterans' organization of Union soldiers who fought in the American Civil War, established the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home in Xenia, Ohio. This institution was the predecessor of the Ohio Veterans' Children's Home. . . .
Athens Asylum: The Ridges was formerly an asylum for the mentally ill in Athens, Ohio. . . .
Austin Company: Carpenter Samuel Austin founded the Austin Company in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1878. Originally, the company focused on residential construction projects, but Austin soon began to branch out into design and construction of commercial buildings as well. . . .
Australian Ballot: During the late nineteenth century, Ohio elections were rife with corruption. It was very easy for candidates or their supporters to pay election officials to stuff voting boxes. In major cities, especially in Cincinnati, city bosses rigged elections in favor of one candidate over the others. . . .
Austrian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Austrian ancestors. Today, Austrian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Automobiles: Throughout most of the twentieth century, the city of Detroit has been synonymous with American automobile manufacturing. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, that was not the case. Instead, Ohio innovators in Cleveland and elsewhere were at the forefront of this new form of transportation technology. . . .
Balkan Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Balkan ancestors. . . .
Bancroft, Hubert H.: Hubert Howe Bancroft was a librarian, bookseller and major historian of the American West. . . .
Barber Match Company: By the late nineteenth century, the Barber Match Company, located in Barberton, Ohio, had become the largest manufacturer of matches in the United States of America. . . .
Barber, Ohio C.: Ohio Columbus Barber founded the Barber Match Company, an important Ohio business during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Barnett Cemetery: The Barnett Cemetery is principally an African-American cemetery in Pike County, Ohio. . . .
Barney & Smith Car Company: Located in Dayton, Ohio, Barney & Smith Car Company built railroad cars. In the second half of the nineteenth century, railroads were constructed at a rapid rate. Barney & Smith capitalized on this growth and became one of the largest car manufacturers in the United States. . . .
Baseball: Baseball originated before the American Civil War in the eastern portion of the United States. . . .
Bateham, Michael B.: Michael B. Bateham was Ohio's second Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Batesville, Ohio: Williamsburg, now known as Batesville, is a small community in Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Beallsville, Ohio: Beallsville was founded during the 1800s. It was a stop on the Bellaire Zanesville and Cincinnati Railroad. . . .
Belle Center, Ohio: Belle Center, which has also been known as Belle Centre, is a small community in northern Logan County, Ohio. . . .
Belle Centre, Ohio: Belle Center, which has also been known as Belle Centre, is a small community in northern Logan County, Ohio. . . .
Benedict, Aaron: Aaron Benedict was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Alum Creek. Ohio. . . .
Bicycles: Bicycles dramatically changed life in Ohio during the late nineteenth century. . . .
Bierce, Ambrose G.: An important American author, Ambrose Bierce was born on June 24, 1842, in Meigs County, Ohio. . . .
Big Business: During the late nineteenth century, large corporations that employed thousands of workers formed. These companies became known as Big Businesses. . . .
Bishop, Richard M.: Richard Moore Bishop was Governor of Ohio from 1878 to 1880. . . .
Black and White Schoolhouse: The Black and White Schoolhouse was one of the earliest desegregated schools in Ohio. . . .
Bluffton University: In 1899, Mennonites established Central Mennonite College, the predecessor of Bluffton University, in Bluffton, Ohio. . . .
Bonebrake Theological Seminary: In 1869, the Church of the United Brethren in Christ authorized the creation of a seminary. Reverend Milton Wright called for the seminary's creation and served as the institution's first chairman of the executive committee. . . .
Bonham, Lazarus N.: Lazarus Noble Bonham was Ohio's eighth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Borromeo College of Ohio: In 1886, the Society of Jesus established St. Ignatius College in Cleveland, Ohio. Saint Ignatius was the founder of the Society of Jesus, an order within the Roman Catholic Church. . . .
Bosworth, Sala: Sala Bosworth was one of Ohio's earliest artists. He was born on September 15, 1805, in Halifax, Massachusetts. . . .
Bowles, John R.: John R. Bowles was chaplain of the 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War and, perhaps, was the first African-American public school teacher in Ohio. . . .
Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green is the county seat of Wood County, Ohio. . . .
Brethren Church: On June 6 and 7, 1883, the Brethren Church formed in Dayton, Ohio. . . .
Brewery Arcade: The Brewery Arcade is a business building in Portsmouth, Ohio. . . .
Brown, Christopher: Christopher Brown assisted runaway slaves along the Underground Railroad in Ohio. . . .
Brown, Hallie Q.: Hallie Quinn Brown was an African-American author, educator, and equal rights advocate during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Brown, Olympia: Olympia Brown was a woman's rights advocate during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Brown, Waldo F.: Waldo F. Brown was a well-known American author and lecturer in the 1870's and 1880's. . . .
Brush, Charles F.: Charles F. Brush was the inventor of the arc lamp. . . .
Buchtel College: Buchtel College was founded in Akron, Ohio, in 1870. The school was named after industrialist John Buchtel, who was a prominent figure in the community and was associated with the Universalist Church. . . .
Buchtel, John R.: John R. Buchtel was a prominent Ohio businessman and philanthropist in the late eighteenth century. . . .
Buckeye Mower and Reaper Company: In 1863, Ball, Aultman, and Company, a farm machinery manufacturing firm in Canton, Ohio, established the Buckeye Mower and Reaper Company in Akron, Ohio. . . .
Buckeye Steel Castings Company: In 1881, Buckeye Steel Castings began producing iron castings in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands: The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands was to provide displaced persons of the South, including both whites and blacks, with assistance at the end of the American Civil War. . . .
Bushnell, Asa: Asa Smith Bushnell was the fortieth governor of Ohio. He was born in Rome, New York, in 1834. . . .
Byelorussian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Byelorussian ancestors. Today, Byelorussian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Calvert, Thomas L.: Thomas Lawrence Calvert was Ohio's tenth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Campbell, James E.: Ohio governor James Edwin Campbell was born in Middletown, Ohio, on July 7, 1843, to Andrew and Laura Reynolds Campbell. . . .
Canadian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from both French and English Canadian ancestors. Today, Canadian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Carabelli, Joseph: Joseph Carabelli was a noted sculptor, community leader and elected official in Cleveland, Ohio in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. . . .
Carpatho-Russian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Carpatho-Russian ancestors. . . .
Case Institute of Technology: In 1948, the Case School of Applied Science was renamed the Case Institute of Technology. In 1967, the school merged with its neighbor, the Western Reserve University, to form Case Western Reserve University. . . .
Case School of Applied Science: The Case School of Applied Science was founded in 1880 in the city of Cleveland, in part through the donations of local businessman Leonard Cas . . .
Case Western Reserve University: In 1967, the Case Institute of Technology and Adelbert College of Western Reserve University united together to form Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Cedar Point: Cedar Point is a peninsula in northern Ohio located along Lake Erie, as well as an amusement park at the same location. It is located near Sandusky, Ohio. In the nineteenth century, Cedar Point served as the site for a lighthouse and as a port for fishermen. . . .
Cedarville College: Cincinnati, Ohio, resident William Gibson left twenty-five thousand dollars in his will to the Presbyterian Church to endow a college at Cedarville, Ohio. . . .
Cedarville University: Cincinnati, Ohio, resident William Gibson left twenty-five thousand dollars in his will to the Presbyterian Church to endow a college at Cedarville, Ohio. . . .
Central Mennonite College: In 1899, Mennonites established Central Mennonite College, the predecessor of Bluffton College, in Bluffton, Ohio. . . .
Chamberlain, William I.: William Isaac Chamberlain was Ohio's seventh Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Champion Machine Company: The Champion Machine Company was the largest producer of agricultural machinery in the world during the late nineteenth century. It was located in Springfield, Ohio. . . .
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway: The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway formed in 1869. It began as a conglomeration of smaller railroads, principally in Virginia, but eventually the company expanded its service to Ohio and beyond. . . .
Chesnutt, Charles W.: Charles Waddell Chesnutt was an African American writer born on June 20, 1858, in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Chinese Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Chinese ancestors. Today, Chinese Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Christy, Howard C.: Howard Chandler Christy was a prominent American artist in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. . . .
Cincinnati Courthouse Riot: Cincinnati is generally recognized as the conservative heart of Ohio. Yet, for three days in 1884, Queen City citizens transformed their city into a war zone of deadly magnitude. From March 28 through March 30, 1884 law enforcement officers and Ohio National Guardsmen engaged in intense street fighting with mobs of Cincinnati residents that left more than forty people dead and over one hundred injured. . . .
Cincinnati Industrial Expositions: The Cincinnati Industrial Expositions were held in Cincinnati between 1870 and 1888 to showcase the products of Cincinnati business owners. . . .
Cincinnati Kelly's Killers: The Cincinnati Kelly’s Killers was a professional baseball team from Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Cincinnati Milling Machine Company: The Cincinnati Milling Machine Company eventually became Milacron Inc., and it was the largest machine company in the world by the 1930s. . . .
Cincinnati Museum Association: In 1880, Charles W. West of Cincinnati donated 150,000 dollars to the Cincinnati Museum Association to establish an art museum in the city. . . .
Cincinnati Outlaw Reds: The Cincinnati Outlaw Reds was a professional baseball team from Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Cincinnati Porkers: The Cincinnati Porkers was a professional baseball team from Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Cincinnati Red Stockings: Professional baseball originated in Cincinnati, Ohio. The first game played by a team where all players were professionals and received pay for playing occurred on June 1, 1869, when the Cincinnati Red Stockings defeated the Mansfield Independents, an amateur club. . . .
Cincinnati Reds: Professional baseball originated in Cincinnati, Ohio. The first game played by a team where all players were professionals and received pay for playing occurred on June 1, 1869, when the Cincinnati Red Stockings defeated the Mansfield Independents, an amateur club. . . .
Cincinnati Women's Christian Association: The Cincinnati Women's Christian Association was a precursor to the Young Women's Christian Association. Founded in 1868, the Women's Christian Association hoped to instruct young, single women in "temporal, moral, and religious welfare." . . .
Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden: The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden resulted from an infestation of caterpillars. In 1872, caterpillars descended upon Cincinnati, supposedly devouring all vegetation within the city. . . .
City Bosses: During the late 1800s, city bosses commonly assumed control over city governments. They did not gain power legally. . . .
City Machines: During the late 1800s, city bosses commonly assumed control over city governments. . . .
City Managers: During the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, to eliminate the power of city bosses, many municipalities established the position of city manager. . . .
Cleveland Bible College: In 1892, Walter and Emma Malone, members of the Society of Friends, established the Cleveland Bible College, the predecessor of Malone College, in Cleveland, Ohio. Dedicated to promoting Christianity among its students, the college grew slowly, initially attracting primarily students from the surrounding area. . . .
Cleveland Bluebirds: The Cleveland Bluebirds was a professional baseball team from Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Cleveland Blues (1879-1884): The Cleveland Blues was a professional baseball team from Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Cleveland Blues (1887-1888): The Cleveland Blues was a professional baseball team from Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Cleveland Forest Citys: The Cleveland Forest Citys was a professional baseball team from Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Cleveland Infants: The Cleveland Infants was a professional baseball team from Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Cleveland Institute of Art: The Cleveland Institute of Art was established in Cleveland, Ohio in 1882. . . .
Cleveland Lake Shores: The Cleveland Lake Shores was a professional baseball team from Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Cleveland Molly Maguires: The Cleveland Molly Maguires was a professional baseball team from Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Cleveland Spiders: The Cleveland Spiders was a professional baseball team from Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Cleveland State University: Cleveland State University originated in 1870, when the Cleveland, Ohio, Young Men's Christian Association began to offer vocational classes to local residents. . . .
Cleveland Stone Company: In 1886, George H. Worthington formed the Cleveland Stone Company in Cleveland, Ohio. It primarily excavated sandstone and operated quarries in Berea, Kipton, Elyria, Euclid, North Amherst, South Amherst, Amherst, Columbia, West View, La Grange, and Olmstead. . . .
Cleveland, Ohio's Chinatown: Cleveland, Ohio's Chinatown is an ethnic neighborhood in Cleveland, Ohio. Chinatown was established in the late nineteenth century. . . .
Clifford, Carrie W.: Carrie Williams Clifford was an African-American author and equal rights advocate during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Clover, Philip K.: Philip K. Clover was born in 1843 in Columbus, Ohio. After a childhood on the family farm, Clover became an artist and an inventor. . . .
College of Wooster: On December 18, 1866, the Presbyterian Church authorized the creation of the Wooster University, the predecessor of the College of Wooster, in Wooster, Ohio. . . .
Columbus and Hocking Coal and Iron Company: In 1883, several coal and iron companies merged together to create the Columbus and Hocking Coal and Iron Company. . . .
Columbus Buckeyes (American Association): The Columbus Buckeyes was the nickname of a professional baseball team from Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Columbus Buggy Company: The Columbus Buggy Company was originally known as the Iron Buggy Company. Located in Columbus, Ohio, the company claimed to be one of the largest buggy manufacturers in the world. . . .
Columbus College of Art & Design: In 1879, the Columbus Art School, the predecessor of the Columbus College of Art & Design, opened in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Columbus Colts: The Columbus Colts was a professional baseball team from Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Columbus Senators: The Columbus Senators was a professional baseball team from Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Columbus Solons: The Columbus Solons was a professional baseball team from Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Community of the Transfiguration: The Community of the Transfiguration was a religious order of the Episcopal Church, founded to assist children. . . .
Corning War: The "Corning War" illustrates the racial tensions that existed in southeastern Ohio during the late nineteenth century. . . .
Corning, Ohio: Corning is a small community in Perry County, Ohio. . . .
Cox, George: George Cox was a prominent Republican politician during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. . . .
Coxey's Army: In 1894, Massilon, Ohio resident, Jacob S. Coxey, formed group known as "Coxey's Army" that marched on Washington, D.C. to protest the federal government's failure to assist the American populace during the Panic of 1893. . . .
Coxey, Jacob S.: Jacob Coxey was a prominent political figure and labor-rights advocate during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Croatian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Croatian ancestors. Today, Croatian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Crowell-Collier Company: John Crowell, a printer from Louisville, Kentucky, came to Springfield, Ohio in 1878 to edit Farm and Fireside magazine. . . .
Czech Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Czech ancestors. Today, Czech Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Danish Brotherhood: The Danish Brotherhood is an important Danish-American social organization in the United States of America and Canada. . . .
Danish Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Danish ancestors. Today, Danish Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Davis, Richard L.: African-American Richard L. Davis was a prominent labor organizer during the late nineteenth century. . . .
Day, William R.: William Rufus Day was a prominent jurist and Republican politician during the early twentieth century. . . .
Debs, Eugene V.: During the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, Eugene V. Debs was a leading advocate for socialism in the United States of America. . . .
Dexter City, Ohio: Dexter City is a small community in Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Diamond Match Company: The Diamond Match Company was the largest manufacturer of matches in the United States of America by the late nineteenth century. . . .
Dow Chemical Company: Herbert H. Dow founded the Dow Chemical Company in 1895 in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Dow Law: Enacted by the Ohio legislature in 1886, the Dow Law permitted the Ohio government to tax and to regulate the trafficking of alcohol within the state. . . .
Dow, Herbert H.: Herbert H. Dow was a prominent scientist during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. . . .
Dueber-Hampden Watch Company: The Dueber-Hampden Watch Company was an important employer in Canton, Ohio during the early 1920s. . . .
Dunbar, Paul L.: Paul Laurence Dunbar was an important American poet. . . .
Dupree, William H.: Ohioan William H. Dupree served in the 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War and, following this conflict, became actively involved in securing equal rights for blacks with whites. . . .
Dutch Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Dutch ancestors. . . .
Duveneck, Frank: Frank Duveneck was an artist and educator in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century America. . . .
Early, Sarah W.: Ohioan Sarah Woodson Early was an African-American woman who was active in the Temperance Movement. . . .
Eclipse Stove Company: The Eclipse Stove Company was the predecessor of the Tappan Stove Company. . . .
Edison, Thomas A.: Thomas Alva Edison was one of the greatest inventors of all of history. . . .
Electric Trolleys: During the late nineteenth century, some Ohio business owners and communities began to build smaller railroads that usually extended only a few miles either between towns or within a community. . . .
Electricity: Ohioans were among the earliest and most prominent pioneers in the use of electricity. . . .
English Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from English ancestors. Today, English Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Esselborn, Julius: In 1889, Julius Esselborn became the owner of the Portsmouth Brewery, an important business in Portsmouth, Ohio during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Estonian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Estonian ancestors. Today, Estonian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Farm Mechanization in Ohio: Farm mechanization, the use of machines to till the soil and to harvest a crop, dramatically increased farm yields and reduced farmers' workloads beginning in the nineteenth century. . . .
Farmers' Alliances: In 1889, Charles W. Macune organized the National Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union. . . .
Farny, Henry F.: Henry Francis Farny was a well known Ohio artist. While he became famous for his paintings of the American West, he spent most of his life in Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Ferrara, Ohio: Ferrara was a small community in Perry County, Ohio. . . .
Findlay College: On January 28, 1882, the Church of God and the city of Findlay, Ohio, established Findlay College. . . .
Finnish Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Finnish ancestors. . . .
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company: In 1900, Harvey S. Firestone established the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio. . . .
Fleming, James W.: James W. Fleming was Ohio's sixth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Foote, Allen R.: During the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, Ohioan Allen Ripley Foote sought to educate others about public finance issues. . . .
Foraker, Joseph B.: Joseph Benson Foraker served as Ohio's Governor from 1886 to 1890. . . .
Fossett, Peter: Peter Fossett was a former slave of President Thomas Jefferson, who, upon gaining his freedom, moved to Ohio. . . .
Fossett, Sarah M.: Sarah Mayrant Fossett was an important advocate for African-American rights in Cincinnati, Ohio during the nineteenth century. . . .
Foster, Charles: Ohio governor Charles Foster was born on April 12, 1828. His father, Charles W. Foster opened a store in 1832 in the small community of Rome in Seneca County, Ohio. . . .
Fourteenth Amendment: The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees people of all races equal protection under the law. . . .
Fox, Mamie E.: Mamie Eloise Fox was an African-American poetess during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Franklin College: In 1870, the Society of Friends, also known as the Quakers, established Wilmington College in Wilmington, Ohio. The institution was an outgrowth of Franklin College, an institution of higher education initially proposed for Tuppers Plains, Ohio. . . .
Franklin College (New Athens): Alma College and its successor, Franklin College, were important educational institutions in Ohio during the nineteenth century. . . .
Franklin Museum of New Athens, Inc.: The Franklin Museum of New Athens, Inc., is a museum dedicated to preserving the history of Franklin College. . . .
Free Silver: During the various financial panics of the late nineteenth century, numerous different interests brought pressure to bear on the federal government to back United States currency with silver as well as the traditional gold. . . .
French Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from French ancestors. Today, French Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Garfield, James A.: James Abram Garfield was the twentieth President of the United States. . . .
Garford Manufacturing Company: In 1892, Elyria, Ohio, businessman Arthur Garford purchased the Fay Manufacturing Company. . . .
Garford Saddle: In 1892, Elyria, Ohio, businessman Arthur Garford purchased the Fay Manufacturing Company. . . .
Garford, Arthur: Arthur Garford was a prominent Ohio businessman during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. . . .
Geghan Bill: The Gehan Bill was an early effort by the Ohio government to overcome nativist sentiment by many of the state's residents. . . .
General Eldership of the Church of God: In 1830, John Winebrenner established the General Eldership of the Church of God. . . .
George, Henry: Henry George was a journalist, writer, and political economist in the United States in the nineteenth century. . . .
German Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from German ancestors. Today, German Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Gilded Age: The Gilded Age began in 1877, following the conclusion of Reconstruction. It continued until the mid 1890s, with many historians contending that the era ended with the Panic of 1893. . . .
Girls' Industrial Home: The Girls' Industrial Home was Ohio's correctional facility for minor women for much of the state's history. . . .
Glenville, Ohio: Glenville, Ohio is a neighborhood area of Cleveland. It is located to the northeast of Cleveland. Historically, this neighborhood has been home to various ethnic groups. . . .
God's Bible School and College: In 1900, Martin Wells Knapp established God's Bible School and College in Cincinnati, Ohio. The institution is interdenominational. . . .
Golf Ball: On April 11, 1899, Coburn Haskell, a golfer from Cleveland, Ohio, and Bertram G. Work, an employee of the B.F. Goodrich Company in Akron, Ohio, received a patent for a golf ball. . . .
Gompers, Samuel: During the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, Samuel Gompers was a prominent labor activist in the United States of America. . . .
Goodrich, Benjamin F.: Benjamin Franklin Goodrich was a prominent businessman and founder of the the B.F. Goodrich Company. . . .
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company: In 1898, Frank Seiberling established the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio. . . .
Goshorn, Alfred T.: Alfred Traber Goshorn was a business and civic leader from Cincinnati Ohio who became well known as a planner of industrial expositions. He was born on July 15, 1833, in Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Grand Army of the Republic: Benjamin Stephenson founded the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) on April 6, 1866, in Decatur, Illinois. Stephenson intended to form an organization of veterans of the American Civil War that would provide them with political influence and opportunities to meet socially. . . .
Grange: Established in the late nineteenth century, the Grange, formally known as the Patrons of Husbandry, was an organization created to assist farmers with the various problems that they faced. . . .
Grant, Julia D.: Julia Dent Grant was a First Lady of the United States of America. Her husband was Ohioan Ulysses S. Grant. . . .
Grant, Ulysses S.: Ulysses Simpson Grant was an American military leader and the eighteenth President of the United States. He was born Hiram Ulysses Grant on April 27, 1822, in Point Pleasant, Ohio. . . .
Grave-robbing: During the 1800s, medical schools routinely stole recently-buried cadavers to demonstrate medical procedures to their students. . . .
Gray, Elisha: Elisha Gray was an educator and inventor in nineteenth-century America. . . .
Great Hocking Valley Coal Strike of 1884-1885: In 1884, miners working for the Columbus and Hocking Coal and Iron Company went on strike when company management lowered wages by one-fourth. . . .
Great Railroad Strike of 1877: The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 began on July 17, 1877, in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Workers for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad went on strike, because the company had reduced workers' wages twice over the previous year. . . .
Greek Catholic Union: The Greek Catholic Union is a national Carpatho-Russian fraternal organization. . . .
Greek Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Greek ancestors. Today, Greek Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Greek Town, Ohio: Greek Town was an ethnic neighborhood in Cleveland, Ohio from the late nineteenth century to the mid twentieth century. . . .
Green, John P.: John Patterson Green introduced the legislation that established Labor Day in Ohio. He was born in 1845 in New Bern, North Carolina, to free African-American parents. . . .
Greenback Labor Party: The Greenback Labor Party was formed in the years following the American Civil War. During the Civil War, the federal government issued "greenback" paper money to keep a sufficient amount of currency in circulation. . . .
Hall, Charles M.: Charles Martin Hall was born in Thompson, Ohio, on December 6, 1863. He spent much of his youth in Oberlin, Ohio. As a child, Hall was an avid reader. After reading his father's college chemistry textbook, Hall decided to become a chemist. . . .
Halstead, Murat: Murat Halstead was a nineteenth-century American journalist, editor and author. . . .
Hamburger: It remains unclear, but some historians claim that Canton, Ohio, residents Frank and Robert Menches invented the hamburger. In 1885, these two brothers were selling pork sandwiches at the Erie Agricultural Fair in Hamburg, New York. . . .
Hampden Watch Company: The Hampden Watch Company was an important employer in Canton, Ohio during the late 1800s and the early 1900s. . . .
Hanna, Marcus A.: Marcus Alonzo Hanna was a prominent politician and United States Senator from Ohio during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Harkness, Stephen V.: Stephen V. Harkness was one of the founders of the Standard Oil Company. . . .
Harper, William R.: William Rainey Harper was born on July 26, 1856, in New Concord, Ohio. He attended the Muskingum College preparatory institute beginning in 1864. . . .
Harrison, Benjamin: President Benjamin Harrison was born on August 20, 1833, in North Bend, Ohio. His great-grandfather was John Cleves Symmes, and his grandfather was President William Henry Harrison. . . .
Harrison, Caroline L.: Caroline Lavinia Scott Harrison was born on October 1, 1832, in Oxford, Ohio. Her father, John Witherspoon Scott, was a professor of science and math at Miami University in Oxford. . . .
Haven, James L.: James L. Haven was a resident of Cincinnati, Ohio. Little is known of his early life. He eventually formed James L. Haven & Co. in Cincinnati. . . .
Hay, John M.: Ohioan John Milton Hay was a prominent politician and author during the late nineteenth century. . . .
Hayes, Rutherford B.: President Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born in Delaware, Ohio, on October 4, 1822. His parents had moved to Ohio from Vermont in 1817. . . .
Hebrew Union College: In 1875, Isaac Mayer Wise, a rabbi in Cincinnati, Ohio, established Hebrew Union College. This institution was the first Jewish seminary in the United States and trained rabbis in the Reformed Jewish tradition. . . .
Heisey Glass Company: Augustus H. Heisey opened a glass factory in Newark, Ohio, in 1896. . . .
Hemingray Glass Company: The Hemingray Glass Company was a glass company founded in Cincinnati, Ohio, in the mid-nineteenth century. . . .
Hendricks, Thomas A.: Vice-President Thomas Andrews Hendricks was born on September 7, 1819, near Zanesville, Ohio. In 1822, his family moved to Shelby County, Indiana. Thomas Hendricks never again resided in Ohio. . . .
Hiram House: During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many Americans, especially middle-class Americans, became involved in the Progressive Movement. Progressives generally were affiliated with Protestant churches, and they believed that American society was becoming immoral. . . .
Hoadly, George: George Hoadly was the thirty-sixth Governor of Ohio. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut, on July 31, 1826. . . .
Howell, Thomas N.: Thomas N. Howell developed an exploding shell that was buried underground above a coffin to deter grave-robbing. . . .
Howells, William D.: American author and journalist William Dean Howells was born on March 1, 1837, in Belmont County, Ohio. . . .
Hungarian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Hungarian ancestors. Today, Hungarian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
International Order of Twelve Knights and Daughters of Tabor: The International Order of Twelve Knights and Daughters of Tabor is a fraternal society for African Americans. . . .
Interstate Commerce Act: As a result of the failure of states to regulate railroads, the United States Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887. . . .
Interurban Railroads: Interurban railroads were electrically-powered trains that connected communities together. . . .
Irish Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Irish ancestors. Today, Irish Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Issacs, Tucker: Tucker Isaacs assisted runaway slaves along the Underground Railroad in Ohio. . . .
Italian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Italian ancestors. Today, Italian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Ivory Soap: In the 1878, Procter & Gamble began to market a new soap product. This new soap was inexpensive but of a high quality. . . .
J.M. Smucker Company: The J.M. Smucker Company produces a wide array of jams, jellies, and other food items. . . .
James M. Thomas Telephone Museum: The James M. Thomas Telephone Museum is located in Chillicothe, Ohio. The museum is located in the Horizon Chillicothe Telephone office building. . . .
Jenkins, Charles F.: Charles Francis Jenkins was a prominent inventor during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. . . .
Jessing, John J.: John Joseph Jessing was born on November 17, 1836, in Germany. His father died while Jessing was still a boy. Jessing worked in a print shop to support his mother and two siblings. Upon reaching adulthood, he joined the Prussian Army, where he performed admirably. . . .
Jewish Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Jewish ancestors. Today, Jewish Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
John Carroll University: In 1886, the Society of Jesus established St. Ignatius College in Cleveland, Ohio. Saint Ignatius was the founder of the Society of Jesus, an order within the Roman Catholic Church. For the first eighty-two years of this institution’s existence, only men could enroll. In 1923, St. Ignatius College became John Carroll University. . . .
Johnny Marzetti: Ohioan Teresa Marzetti was the first person to serve the casserole Johnny Marzetti in a restaurant. . . .
Johnson, Andrew: Andrew Johnson was the seventeenth President of the United States. . . .
Johnson, Tom L.: Tom Loftin Johnson was Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, in the early twentieth century, . . .
Jones, Samuel M.: Samuel M. Jones was born on August 3, 1846, in Wales. His family immigrated to the United States in 1849. . . .
Keifer, Joseph W.: Joseph Warren Keifer was a prominent nineteenth century Ohio political and military leader. . . .
Knights of Labor: The Knights of Labor was a labor organization established in 1869. It served as an umbrella organization for other unions that joined it. . . .
Krichbaum, John G.: During the nineteenth century, numerous inventors tried to devise a means for prematurely buried people to signal those people aboveground. One of these inventors was John G. Krichbaum of Youngstown, Ohio. . . .
Kroger Company: Barney Kroger opened up his first grocery store in Cincinnati in 1883, and by the following year had opened his second store. . . .
Kroger, Barney: Barney Kroger was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1860. As a young man, he embarked on a career in grocery sales, establishing the Great Western Tea Company in 1883. This business eventually became the first of many stores that operated under the Kroger name. . . .
Labor Day: Labor Day is an American holiday that celebrates workers and provides them with a day of rest. Americans observe the holiday on the first Monday of each September. . . .
Lake View Cemetery: Lake View Cemetery is located in Cleveland, Ohio. Established in 1869, the cemetery covers 285 acres of land. Now the cities of Cleveland, Cleveland Heights, and East Cleveland surround Lake View Cemetery, which originally existed on a rural plot of land on the eastern edge of Cleveland. . . .
Lambert, John W.: In 1890, John William Lambert, a resident of Ohio City, Ohio, built the first gasoline-powered single-cylinder automobile. . . .
Lamme, Benjamin: Benjamin Lamme was born on January 12, 1864, near Springfield, Ohio. He attended The Ohio State University, graduating with a degree in mechanical engineering in 1888. After spending several months as a farmer, Lamme accepted a position with the Westinghouse Company in 1889. . . .
Latvian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Latvian ancestors. Today, Latvian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Lawrence County Museum: The Lawrence County Historical Society operates the Lawrence County Museum in Ironton, Ohio. . . .
League for the Preservation of Citizens' Rights: The "League for the Preservation of Citizens' Rights" organized to protest the Dow Law during 1888 and 1889. . . .
Lemko Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Carpatho-Russian ancestors, including Lemko Ohioans. . . .
Libbey Glass Company: The Libbey Glass Company was one of the largest glass manufacturers in the United States of America during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. . . .
Lima Locomotive Works: The Lima Locomotive Works was established in 1879, in Lima, Ohio. . . .
Lithuanian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Lithuanian ancestors. Today, Lithuanian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Little Claylick, Ohio: Little Claylick, Ohio was a coal-mining town. Typical of other such communities, Little Claylick no longer exists. . . .
Livingston, Alexander W.: Alexander W. Livingston was born on October 14, 1822, near Reynoldsburg, Ohio. He grew up on his family's farm and received limited schooling. . . .
Macedonian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Macedonian ancestors. Today, Macedonian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Madison, Ohio: Madison is a community in Lake County, Ohio. . . .
Marijin Spolek: Marijin Spolek was the first Slovenian social organization in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Marion Steam Shovel Company: The Marion Steam Shovel Company was founded in 1884 in Marion, Ohio. The company built steam shovels. . . .
Marzetti, Teresa: Teresa Marzetti was the founder of the T. Marzetti Company in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Matthews, Eva L.: Eva Lee Matthews and Beatrice Henderson founded an Episcopal religious order in Ohio known as the Community of the Transfiguration. . . .
Matthews, Stanley: Stanley Matthews was born on July 21, 1824, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He attended public schools in Cincinnati, before enrolling in Kenyon College. Matthews graduated from Kenyon in 1840 and began to study the law. . . .
May Day Strike of 1886: On May 1, 1886, 350,000 workers staged a nationwide work stoppage to demand the adoption of a standard eight-hour workday. . . .
McBride, John: John McBride was born in Ohio in 1854. His father was a mineworker. McBride followed in his father's footsteps, but he is best remembered for fighting for the rights of the workingman. . . .
McKinley Jr., William: Ohioan William McKinley, Jr., was President of the United States of America from 1897 to 1901. . . .
McKinley Tariff: In 1890, William McKinley, a member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio, introduced a tariff bill, which became known as the McKinley Tariff. . . .
McLean, John R.: John R. McLean was born on September 17, 1848, in Cincinnati, Ohio. The same year that McLean was born, his father, Washington McLean, acquired the Cincinnati Enquirer, a local newspaper. . . .
McMicken School of Drawing and Design: During the 1850s, Cincinnati, Ohio, resident Charles McMicken donated approximately one million dollars to the city of Cincinnati to form a university. Although McMicken had made his donation during the 1850s, the city did not establish the McMicken School of Drawing and Design until 1869. . . .
McMicken University: In 1870, the Ohio legislature chartered a university in Cincinnati, Ohio. Originally known as McMicken University, a month after the college's founding, the university's board of directors changed the institution's name to the University of Cincinnati. McMicken University was named for Charles McMicken, who had donated approximately one million dollars to the city to form a university. . . .
Menches Gourmet Burgers: It remains unclear, but some historians claim that Canton, Ohio, residents Frank and Robert Menches invented the hamburger. In 1885, these two brothers were selling pork sandwiches at the Erie Agricultural Fair in Hamburg, New York. . . .
Menches, Frank: Although its history remains unclear, some historians claim that Canton, Ohio, residents Frank and Robert Menches invented the hamburger. In 1885, these two brothers were selling pork sandwiches at the Erie Agricultural Fair in Hamburg, New York. . . .
Menches, Robert: Although its history remains unclear, some historians claim that Canton, Ohio, residents Frank and Robert Menches invented the hamburger. In 1885, these two brothers were selling pork sandwiches at the Erie Agricultural Fair in Hamburg, New York. . . .
Mendenhall, Thomas C.: Thomas Corwin Mendenhall was born on October 4, 1841, in Hanoverton, Ohio. In 1851, the Mendenhall family moved to Marlboro, Ohio, where Thomas enrolled in the Union school, the local high school. . . .
Mentor, Ohio: At the time of this writing, Mentor is the largest city in Lake County, Ohio. . . .
Middletown, Ohio (Perry County): Somerset, which was once known as Middletown, was formerly the county seat of Perry County, Ohio. . . .
Milacron Incorporated: The Cincinnati Milling Machine Company eventually became Milacron Inc., and it was the largest machine company in the world by the 1930s. . . .
Miller, Dayton C.: Dayton Clarence Miller was a mathematician, physicist and educator in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Miller, Wells W.: Wells W. Miller was Ohio's ninth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Mineral Springs Health Resort: Located near Peebles in Adams County, Ohio, Sodaville, which eventually became known as the Mineral Springs Health Resort, was a prominent resort community known for its mineral springs. . . .
Moerlein, Christian: Christian Moerlein was born in Truppack, Bavaria, in 1818. He immigrated to the United States in 1841, eventually settling in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1842. In 1853, Moerlein established a brewery in Over-the-Rhine, a predominantly German neighborhood in Cincinnati. . . .
Monopoly: During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, businesses aspired to form monopolies. To have a monopoly, a business would be the sole manufacturer of a product or be able to dominate a particular industry because it could produce so much more of a product than its competitors. . . .
Montenegrin Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Montenegrin ancestors. . . .
Moonville, Ohio: Moonville was a small railroad and mining community in Vinton County, Ohio. . . .
Moses, Phoebe A.: Phoebe Anne Moses was a world famous markswoman and entertainer who was better known by her stage name of "Annie Oakley." . . .
Motion Picture Projector: Some scholars credit Dayton, Ohio, native Charles Francis Jenkins and a colleague with inventing the motion picture projector. . . .
Mount Sterling, Ohio: Mount Sterling is a community in Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Movie Theater: Some scholars credit Dayton, Ohio, native Charles Francis Jenkins and a colleague with inventing the motion picture projector and the movie theater. . . .
Mozee, Phoebe A.: Phoebe Anne Mozee was a world famous markswoman and entertainer who was better known by her stage name of "Annie Oakley." . . .
Nash, George K.: George Kilbon Nash was Ohio 41st governor. . . .
National Cash Register Company: In 1884, John Henry Patterson bought out his fellow investors in the National Manufacturing Company and formed the National Cash Register Company, the predecessor of NCR Corporation. . . .
National Normal University: The National Normal University was a school established to train teachers in the nineteenth century. It was located in Lebanon, Ohio. . . .
NCR Corporation: In 1884, John Henry Patterson bought out his fellow investors in the National Manufacturing Company and formed the National Cash Register Company, the predecessor of NCR Corporation. . . .
New Straitsville Mine Fire: In 1884, striking miners pushed burning coal cars into a mine owned by the New Straitsville Mining Company, setting the mine ablaze. The fire still burns underground to this day. . . .
Norwegian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Norwegian ancestors. Today, Norwegian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Noyes, Edward F.: Edward Follansbee Noyes was the thirtieth Governor of Ohio. . . .
Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College: In 1870, the Ohio General Assembly chartered the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College. In 1878, the college was renamed Ohio State University. . . .
Ohio Anti-Saloon League: The Ohio Anti-Saloon League was an important prohibition organization in the United States of America in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Ohio Automobile Company: One of the Packard Electric Company's subsidiaries was the New York and Ohio Company, which produced the first Packard Motor Car in 1899. The new manufacturing interest was first known as the Ohio Automobile Company, but the family renamed it the Packard Motor Car Company in 1902. . . .
Ohio Bureau of Labor Statistics: To determine the conditions that Ohio workers faced, the state legislature established the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 1877. Legislators hoped to determine whether or not government intervention was necessary. . . .
Ohio Chamber of Commerce: In 1893, several Ohio business owners established the Ohio Chamber of Commerce. . . .
Ohio Civil Rights Law of 1894: The Ohio Civil Rights Law of 1894 was an early effort by the Ohio government to eliminate racial discrimination in Ohio. . . .
Ohio Constitution of 1874: In 1871, some Ohio government officials felt the need to redraft Ohio's state constitution. The constitution currently in effect was the Constitution of 1851. During the twenty years since this document's ratification, the United States had experienced great change. . . .
Ohio Constitutional Convention of 1873 - 1874: In 1871, some Ohio government officials felt the need to redraft Ohio's state constitution. The constitution currently in effect was the Constitution of 1851. During the twenty years since this document's ratification, the United States had experienced great change. . . .
Ohio Consumers' League: The Ohio Consumers' League sought improved working conditions for women and children. . . .
Ohio Historical Society: The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society was formed in 1885. It was a predecessor of the present Ohio Historical Society. . . .
Ohio Hospital for Epileptics: In 1890, the Ohio government established the Ohio Hospital for Epileptics in Gallipolis, Ohio. The hospital was the first of its kind in the United States and the largest institution dedicated to the care of epileptics. . . .
Ohio Miners Amalgamated Association: In 1882, miners in Ohio established the Ohio Miners Amalgamated Association. This organization was one of the first unions for miners in the United States. . . .
Ohio Naval Militia: The Ohio Naval Militia had its roots in the Ohio Militia, which was formed in 1803. . . .
Ohio Northern University: In 1871, Henry Solomon Lehr established Ohio Northern University in Ada, Ohio. Lehr had been teaching college-level courses in the community since 1866. He served as the town schoolmaster and taught these more difficult classes to interested people in the evenings. . . .
Ohio Oil Company: In 1885, oil deposits were discovered in northwest Ohio. To excavate the oil, the Ohio Oil Company was formed in 1887. . . .
Ohio Orphan's Friend: In 1874, Reverend John Joseph Jessing began publishing a newspaper called The Ohio. He eventually renamed the publication Ohio Waisenfreund, which meant Ohio Orphan's Friend. . . .
Ohio Public Accommodations Law of 1884: The Ohio Public Accommodations Law of 1884 was an early effort by the Ohio government to eliminate racial discrimination in Ohio. . . .
Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Home: In 1886, the Ohio General Assembly authorized the creation of the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Home at Sandusky, Ohio. The home was created to provide for Ohio's indigent honorably discharged veterans of the American Civil War. . . .
Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home: In 1869, the Grand Army of the Republic, a veterans' organization of Union soldiers who fought in the American Civil War, established the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home in Xenia, Ohio. . . .
Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society: The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society was formed in 1885. It was a predecessor of the present Ohio Historical Society. . . .
Ohio State Board of Health: During Ohio Governor Joseph Foraker's administration, the state government created the Ohio State Board of Health. This government bureaucracy's primary mission was to limit the spread of diseases throughout the state. . . .
Ohio Tobacco Festival: Located in Ripley, Ohio, the Ohio Tobacco Festival commemorates the important role that tobacco has played in southern Ohio's economy since the nineteenth century. . . .
Ohio Tobacco Museum: Located in Ripley, Ohio, the Ohio Tobacco Museum commemorates the important role that tobacco played in southern Ohio's economy during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. . . .
Ohio Valley Company: In 1881, W.J. Tappan formed the Ohio Valley Company, which manufactured cast iron stoves in Bellaire, Ohio. . . .
Ohio Veterans Home: In 1886, the Ohio General Assembly authorized the creation of the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, the predecessor of the Ohio Veterans Home, at Sandusky, Ohio. . . .
Ohio Veterans' Children's Home: In 1869, the Grand Army of the Republic, a veterans' organization of Union soldiers who fought in the American Civil War, established the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home in Xenia, Ohio. This institution was the predecessor of the Ohio Veterans' Children's Home. . . .
Ohio Veterans' Children's Home: In 1869, the Grand Army of the Republic, a veterans' organization of Union soldiers who fought in the American Civil War, established the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home in Xenia, Ohio. This institution was the predecessor of the Ohio Veterans' Children's Home. . . .
Ohio Waisenfreund: In 1874, Reverend John Joseph Jessing began publishing a newspaper called The Ohio. He eventually renamed the publication Ohio Waisenfreund, which meant Ohio Orphan's Friend. . . .
Ohio Woman Suffrage Association: The Ohio Woman Suffrage Association was an early woman's suffragist group in Ohio. . . .
Opper, Frederick B.: Frederick Opper was a well-known American newspaper cartoonist for more than sixty years. . . .
Otis Steel Company: Otis Steel Company was one of the first major steel companies in Ohio. Located in Cleveland , Otis Steel built the first open-hearth steel furnace in 1875. . . .
Owens Bottle Machine Company: Michael J. Owens founded the Owens Bottle Machine Company in Toledo, Ohio in 1903. . . .
Owens, Michael J.: Michael J. Owens was born on January 1, 1859, in Mason County, West Virginia. As a teenager, he went to work for a glass manufacturer in Newark, Ohio. . . .
Owens-Illinois, Inc.: In 1929, the Owens Bottle-Machine Company merged with Illinois Glass Company to form Owens-Illinois Glass Company. In 1965, the legal corporate name was changed to Owens-Illinois, Inc. . . .
Packard Electric Company: In 1890, William Doud Packard and his brother James Ward Packard established the Packard Electric Company, which produced incandescent bulbs. . . .
Panic of 1893: The Panic of 1893 was a national economic crisis set off by the collapse of two of the country's largest employers, the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad and the National Cordage Company. . . .
Paper Bags: Fremont, Ohio, resident Charles Stilwell was a mechanical engineer. He dedicated his free time to manufacturing an improved paper bag. . . .
Paragon Tomato: Many horticulturalists attribute the modern tomato to Reynoldsburg, Ohio, resident Alexander W. Livingston. Livingston spent two decades breeding his "Paragon" tomato before succeeding in 1870. . . .
Patrons of Husbandry: Established in the late nineteenth century, the Grange, formally known as the Patrons of Husbandry, was an organization created to assist farmers with the various problems that they faced. . . .
Patterson, John H.: John Henry Patterson was born on December 13, 1844, near Dayton, Ohio. He spent his early years attending public schools in Dayton, as well as working in his father's saw and gristmills. During the American Civil War, he enlisted in the Union Army but served only one hundred days near the war's conclusion. . . .
Pattison, John M.: John M. Pattison served as Ohio's governor for six months in 1906 before dying while in office. . . .
Paulding, Ohio: Paulding is the county seat of Paulding County, Ohio. . . .
Paynes Crossing, Ohio: During much of the nineteenth century, Paynes Crossing, Ohio was a predominantly African-American community on the border of Perry County and Hocking County. . . .
Pendleton Act: George Pendleton, a United States Senator from Cincinnati, Ohio, authored the Pendleton Act. The Pendleton Act still serves as the basis for civil service positions today. This legislation resulted from President James Garfield's assassination in 1881. . . .
Pendleton, George: George Pendleton was a prominent nineteenth century Ohio political leader who strongly supported federal civil service reform. . . .
People's Party: The People's Party, also known as the Populist Party, was an important political party in the United States of America during the late nineteenth century. . . .
Phantoscope: Some scholars credit Dayton, Ohio, native Charles Francis Jenkins and a colleague with inventing the motion picture projector. . . .
Plain City, Ohio: Plain City, which was formerly known as Westminster and Pleasant Valley, is a community in northern Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Pleasant Valley (Madison County), Ohio: Plain City, which was formerly known as Westminster and Pleasant Valley, is a community in northern Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Pokrok: Pokrok was a Czech-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Polish Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Polish ancestors. Today, Polish Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Polymer Valley: The northeastern portion of Ohio is commonly referred to as "Polymer Valley" due to the large number of rubber and plastic companies centered there since the late 1800s. Summit, Mahoning, Stark, Portage, Trumbull, and Columbiana Counties principally constitute Polymer Valley. . . .
Pond Law: The issue of temperance was becoming more and more important to many Ohioans in the 1870s and 1880s. By the 1880s, state politicians began to pass legislation that attempted to control alcohol consumption in Ohio. . . .
Pontifical College Josephinum: In 1888, Reverend John Joseph Jessing established a theology school, which eventually became known as the Pontifical College Josephinum, in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Populist Party: The People's Party, also known as the Populist Party, was an important political party in the United States of America during the late nineteenth century. . . .
Portsmouth Brewery: The Portsmouth Brewery was an important business in Portsmouth, Ohio during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Portsmouth Cement & Lime: Portsmouth Foundry and Machine Works was an important business in western Portsmouth, Ohio during the nineteenth century. . . .
Portsmouth Foundry and Machine Works: Portsmouth Foundry and Machine Works was an important business in western Portsmouth, Ohio during the nineteenth century. . . .
Powderly, Terence: Terence Powderly was born in 1849, in Carbondale, Pennsylvania. While still a teenager, Powderly became an apprentice in a machine shop. Unhappy with working conditions in his chosen industry, Powderly joined the Machinists and Blacksmiths National Union in 1871. Within one year, Powderly had become this union's president. . . .
Powell Sr., Adam C.: Adam Clayton Powell, Sr., was an important African-American clergyman in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Presidential Election of 1876: The presidential election of 1876 led to the end of Reconstruction. In this election, the Republican Party nominated Rutherford B. Hayes, an Ohioan, while the Democratic Party ran Samuel Tilden, a New Yorker. . . .
Pride of Ohio Tabernacle, No. 384: The International Order of Twelve Knights and Daughters of Tabor eventually had a presence in Ohio. In 1888, some African Americans in Ironton, Ohio formed a chapter, the second such group in Ohio. They called their group "Pride of Ohio Tabernacle, No. 384." . . .
Prohibition: Prohibition includes the attempts of many reformers to reduce, if not end, the consumption of alcohol. . . .
Prohibition Party: In 1869, a group of Americans concerned with alcohol consumption formed the Prohibition Party. This political party ran some candidates for office at local, state and federal levels; however, it usually simply endorsed candidates that it found acceptable from among the larger political parties. . . .
Quaker Oats Company: Quaker Oats, originally know as the American Cereal Company was founded in 1891. While its corporate offices were eventually located in Chicago, Illinois, the primary manufacturing center for its cereals was in Akron, Ohio. . . .
Radical Republicans: The Republican Party began in 1854 as a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. This legislation split Whig Party members along regional lines. Former Northern Whigs united with members of the Free Soil Party and the American Party to create the Republican Party. . . .
Reconstruction: Reconstruction is a name often given to the era immediately following the American Civil War. After the Northern states had defeated the Confederacy, the Union government developed policies to reconstruct the nation. . . .
Rend, William P.: William P. Rend was a prominent businessman in Ohio during the late nineteenth century. . . .
Rendville, Ohio: Rendville is a small community in Perry County, Ohio. . . .
Republic Steel Company: The Republic Steel Company was founded in 1899 in Youngstown, Ohio. The firm was originally known as Republic Iron and Steel Company. . . .
Reynolds, Emma A.: Emma Ann Reynolds was the first African-American woman admitted to the Medical College of Chicago at Northwestern University. . . .
Rio Grande Community College: During the 1960s, the University of Rio Grande implemented plans to create a state-supported community college. The intention was to increase access to higher education for local residents. . . .
Ripley Museum: Located in Ripley, Ohio, the Ripley Museum commemorates the community's past. . . .
Ritty's Incorruptible Cashier: With the assistance of his brother, James Ritty invented the first cash register. He patented his invention on November 4, 1879, and called it "Ritty's Incorruptible Cashier." . . .
Ritty, James: James Ritty, with the assistance of his brother, invented the first cash register. . . .
Rockefeller, John D.: John D. Rockefeller was a prominent industrialist and co-founder of the Standard Oil Company. . . .
Rollins, Ida G.: Ida G. Rollins spent her youth in Cincinnati, Ohio. She eventually enrolled in the University of Michigan, where she earned her bachelor's degree in 1890. Upon graduating, Rollins became a dentist. It is believed that she was the first African-American woman dentist in the United States. . . .
Romanian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Romanian ancestors. Today, Romanian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Rubber Industry: During the late nineteenth century, Ohio emerged as the leader of rubber production in the United States. Numerous rubber companies operated in or near Akron, Ohio, making this city the "Rubber Capital of the World." . . .
Rudolph, Lucretia: Lucretia Rudolph married James A. Garfield in 1858 and became First Lady of the United States in 1881. . . .
Rusin Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Carpatho-Russian ancestors, including Rusin Ohioans. . . .
Russian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Russian ancestors. Today, Russian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Ruthenian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Carpatho-Russian ancestors, including Ruthenian Ohioans. . . .
Saloon-Keepers' Rebellion: The Saloon Keepers' Rebellion was a protest movement in opposition to the Dow Law, which authorized the state government to tax and regulate the trafficking of alcohol within Ohio. . . .
Sarahsville, Ohio: Sarahsville was formerly the county seat of Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Scandinavian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Scandinavian ancestors. Scandinavians include people from Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. . . .
Schumacher, Ferdinand: Ferdinand Schumacher was born in Germany in 1822. In 1851, he immigrated to Akron, Ohio, where he established a small grocery store. . . .
Sciotoville, Ohio: Once its own community in Scioto County, Ohio, Sciotoville is now part of Portsmouth, Ohio. . . .
Scripps, Edward W.: Edward Wyllis Scripps was a journalist and newspaper publisher. . . .
Secret Ballot: During the late nineteenth century, Ohio elections were rife with corruption. It was very easy for candidates or their supporters to pay election officials to stuff voting boxes. In major cities, especially in Cincinnati, city bosses rigged elections in favor of one candidate over the others. . . .
Seiberling, Frank: In 1898, Frank Seiberling founded the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company in Akron. . . .
Self-Opening Sack: Fremont, Ohio, resident Charles Stilwell was a mechanical engineer. He dedicated his free time to manufacturing an improved paper bag. . . .
Semple, William F.: Many historians credit William Finley Semple with receiving the first patent in the United States for chewing gum on December 28, 1869. This claim is false, as Toledo, Ohio, resident Amos Tyler patented chewing gum on July 27, 1869. . . .
Serbian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Serbian ancestors. Today, Serbian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Sessions, Lucy: Lucy Sessions was the first African-American woman to receive a college degree. Little is known about her early life. . . .
Settlement Houses: Settlement houses were institutions where immigrants especially could go to seek assistance. Settlement house organizers sought to teach immigrants how to survive and prosper in the United States. . . .
Sherman Anti-Trust Act: In 1890, the United States government passed into law the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. This legislation was an anti-trust act, authorizing the federal government to break up any businesses that prohibited competition. Its author was John Sherman, a United States Senator from Ohio. . . .
Sherman, John: During the late nineteenth century, John Sherman was a prominent United States Senator and Secretary of the Treasury from Ohio. . . .
Sherwin-Williams Company: The Sherwin-Williams company was established in 1866 in Cleveland, Ohio by Henry Sherwin and Edward Williams. . . .
Sherwood, Isaac: Isaac R. Sherwood was born in Stanford, New York, on August 13, 1835. After attending the local public schools, Sherwood attended the Hudson River Institute in Claverack, New York, and Antioch College in Ohio. . . .
Sinclair Community College: During the late nineteenth century, David A. Sinclair, director of the Dayton, Ohio, Young Men's Christian Association, established a vocational and technical school for adults. This institution eventually became Sinclair Community College. . . .
Sit-down Strikes: In 1935, workers at a rubber factory in Akron, Ohio, tried a new approach to strikes, which they called a sit-down strike. . . .
Slavic Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Slavic ancestors. Today, Slavic Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Slavic Village: During the late nineteenth century, Polish Ohioans established the community of Warszawa in Cleveland, Ohio. Today, this community is known as Slavic Village. . . .
Slovak Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Slovak ancestors. Today, Slovak Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Slovene Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Slovene ancestors. Today, Slovene Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Smith Act: In 1896, Harry Smith, an African-American state legislator from Cleveland, and Albion Tourgee, a white supporter of white and black equality, introduced an anti-lynching bill in the Ohio General Assembly. . . .
Smith, Harry C.: Harry C. Smith was an African American journalist, publisher and legislator from Cleveland, Ohio in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. . . .
Smith, Lucien B.: On June 25, 1867, Lucien B. Smith of Kent, Ohio, patented barbed wire. Shortly thereafter, several other inventors patented inventions for similar products, but Smith patented his first, allowing him to claim that he invented barbed wire. . . .
Smucker, Jerome M.: Jerome Monroe Smucker founded the J.M. Smucker Company, which produces a wide array of jams, jellies, and other food items. . . .
Social Darwinism: The concept of Social Darwinism originated with English philosopher Herbert Spencer during the late 1800s. He based his ideas on the findings of scientist Charles Darwin, who developed the theory of evolution-that species improved over time with the strongest triumphing over the weak. . . .
Social Gospel Movement: The Social Gospel Movement was a religious movement that arose during the second half of the nineteenth century. Ministers, especially ones belonging to the Protestant branch of Christianity, began to tie salvation and good works together. . . .
Sodaville, Ohio: Located near Peebles in Adams County, Ohio, Sodaville, which eventually became known as the Mineral Springs Health Resort, was a prominent resort community known for its mineral springs. . . .
Somerset, Ohio: Somerset, which was once known as Middletown, was formerly the county seat of Perry County, Ohio. . . .
Spanish-American War: In 1898, the United States declared war on Spain. Throughout the 1890s, many Americans objected to Spain's treatment of the people of Cuba, a colony of Spain. . . .
Spiegel Grove: Spiegel Grove is the former home of President Rutherford Birchard Hayes. It is located in Fremont, Ohio. . . .
St. Ignatius College: In 1886, the Society of Jesus established St. Ignatius College in Cleveland, Ohio. Saint Ignatius was the founder of the Society of Jesus, an order within the Roman Catholic Church. . . .
Standard Oil Company: In 1862, John D. Rockefeller, a resident of Cleveland Ohio, joined with two partners to establish an oil-refining company. The men purchased oil wells in Titusville, Pennsylvania, and also constructed a well near Cleveland. . . .
State Reform School for Girls: The State Reform School for Girls, which eventually became known as the Girls' Industrial Home, was Ohio's correctional facility for minor women for much of the state's history. . . .
Steel Mills: In the early nineteenth century, there were a number of furnaces in Ohio that processed iron. These small industries were made possible by local iron ore deposits in southern and eastern Ohio. In addition, some parts of Ohio also had coal deposits that could be used to fuel furnaces. . . .
Steering Wheel: Alexander Winton became famous for his innovations in automotive design, ultimately registering more than one hundred patents. He is credited with building the first car with a steering wheel. . . .
Stewart, Eliza D.: Eliza Daniel Stewart was an important temperance advocate during the latter half of the nineteenth century. She began her career in public service during the American Civil War. . . .
Stilwell, Charles: On June 12, 1883, the U.S. Patent Office granted Charles Stilwell a patent for a machine that manufactured a square-bottom bag with pleated sides. . . .
Stine, R.L.: R. L. Stine is an American author. . . .
Summerfield, Ohio: Summerfield is a small community in Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Sweatshops: The concept of sweatshops first emerged in American history in the nineteenth century as the United States began to industrialize. The term "sweatshop" was originally used to describe conditions in some parts of the clothing industry. . . .
Swedish Cultural Society: The Swedish Cultural Society is an important Swedish-American social organization in the United States of America and Canada. . . .
Swedish Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Swedish ancestors. Today, Swedish Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
T. Marzetti Company: Founded in Columbus, Ohio, the T. Marzetti Company produces specialty foods for restaurants and individuals. . . .
Taft, Alphonso: lphonso Taft was born on November 5, 1810, in Townsend, Vermont. Taft's father participated in the Vermont legislature but earned his living principally through farming. . . .
Tappan Stove Company: In 1881, W.J. Tappan formed the Ohio Valley Company, which manufactured cast iron stoves in Bellaire, Ohio. . . .
Taverne of Richfield: Located in Richfield, Ohio, the Taverne of Richfield has been the site of a hotel, restaurant, or other business since it was built in 1886. . . .
Temple-Tifereth Israel (Tifereth Israel): The Temple-Tifereth Israel, which is also known as Tifereth Israel, is Cleveland, Ohio's second oldest Jewish congregation. . . .
Terrell, Melissa G.: Melissa Garrett was born in Adams County, Ohio in 1834. She eventually married W.H. Timmons, and upon his death, she wed William Terrell. . . .
The Ohio State University: In 1870, the Ohio General Assembly chartered the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College. Governor Rutherford B. Hayes appointed a board of trustees for the institution and construction began in northern Columbus for the college's first building. . . .
The Ridges: The Ridges was formally an asylum for the mentally ill in Athens, Ohio. . . .
Thoburn, Isabella: Isabella Thoburn was the first woman Methodist Episcopal Church missionary to India. She was born in Belmont County, Ohio, in 1840. . . .
Thomas, Edith: Edith Matilda Thomas was an American author and poet in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. . . .
Thomas, James M.: James M. Thomas, a resident of Chillicothe, Ohio, was the first president of the United States Independent Telephone Association. . . .
Thompson, Eliza J.: Eliza Jane Trimble Thompson lived in the community of Hillsboro, Ohio. She was the daughter of former Ohio governor Allen Trimble and the wife of a local judge. . . .
Thompson, William O.: William Oxley Thompson was a prominent educator who served as president of Miami University and The Ohio State University. . . .
Thurman, Allen G.: Allen Granberry Thurman was born on November 13, 1813, in Lynchburg, Virginia. He moved with his family to Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1819. . . .
Tiffin University: In 1888, Tiffin University was established in Tiffin, Ohio. . . .
Timken Company: The Timken Company is an important employer in Canton, Ohio. . . .
Timken Roller Bearing and Axle Company: The Timken Company is an important employer in Canton, Ohio. . . .
Timken Roller Bearing Company: The Timken Company is an important employer in Canton, Ohio. . . .
Toledo Black Pirates: The Toledo Black Pirates was a professional baseball team from Toledo, Ohio. . . .
Toledo Blue Stockings: The Toledo Blue Stockings was a professional baseball team from Toledo, Ohio. . . .
Toledo Maumees: The Toledo Maumees was a professional baseball team from Toledo, Ohio. . . .
Toledo Mud Hens: The Toledo Mud Hens are a minor league baseball team that plays its games at Fifth Third Field in Toledo, Ohio. The Mud Hens officially came into existence in 1896, but professional baseball existed in Toledo since 1883. . . .
Treaty of Paris (1898): The Treaty of Paris (1898) formally ended the Spanish-American War. In 1898, the United States declared war on Spain. Throughout the 1890s, many Americans objected to Spain's treatment of the people of Cuba, a colony of Spain. . . .
Tremont, Ohio: Tremont, Ohio is a suburb of Cleveland. It is located to the west of downtown Cleveland. . . .
Trotter, James M.: James Monroe Trotter served in the 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War and, following this conflict, became the first African American to find employment in the Boston, Massachusetts division of the United States Post Office. . . .
Trust Busting: In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, there was a massive wave of industrialization across the United States. One product of this era was the rise of "big business." Within certain industries, large corporations emerged. . . .
Tuppins, Isaiah: Isaiah Tuppins was the first African American to serve as a mayor in Ohio. He also was the first black man to earn his medical degree in Ohio. . . .
Tyler, Amos: On July 27, 1869, Amos Tyler received the first patent in the United States for chewing gum. . . .
Ukrainian National Aid Association of America: The Ukrainian National Aid Association of America was one of the first Ukrainian mutual-benefit societies in Ohio. . . .
Ukrainian National Association: The Ukrainian National Association was one of the first Ukrainian mutual-benefit societies in Ohio. . . .
Union Biblical Seminary: In 1871, the Union Biblical Seminary opened in Dayton, Ohio. . . .
United Hungarian Societies: The United Hungarian Societies was an organization that united together the various Hungarian cultural and social institutions that were located in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
United Mine Workers of America: In 1890, miners unions affiliated with the Knights of Labor and the National Progressive Union united together to create the United Mine Workers of America. . . .
United States Playing Card Company: The United States Playing Card Company was established in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1867. . . .
United Theological Seminary: In 1869, the Church of the United Brethren in Christ authorized the creation of a seminary. Reverend Milton Wright called for the seminary's creation and served as the institution's first chairman of the executive committee. . . .
University of Akron: The University of Akron was originally founded as Buchtel College in 1870. . . .
University of Findlay: On January 28, 1882, the Church of God and the city of Findlay, Ohio, established Findlay College, the predecessor of the University of Findlay. . . .
University of Rio Grande: In 1876, Permelia Atwood established the University of Rio Grande. . . .
University of Toledo: Originally nown as the Toledo University of Arts and Trades, the University of Toledo was incorporated in 1872 and offered its first classes in 1875. . . .
Urbanization: A number of important forces were at work in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. American industries underwent tremendous growth during this era, leading to the rise of big business. . . .
Ursuline College: In 1871, Mother Mary of the Annunciation Beaumont established Ursuline College for Women in Cleveland, Ohio. Mother Mary was a member of the Ursuline Sisters of Cleveland, who continue to sponsor the college. . . .
Ursuline College for Women: In 1871, Mother Mary of the Annunciation Beaumont established Ursuline College for Women in Cleveland, Ohio. Mother Mary was a member of the Ursuline Sisters of Cleveland, who continue to sponsor the college. . . .
USS Maine: In 1898, the United States declared war on Spain. The principal reason for war involved the sinking of the United States battleship Maine. . . .
Valentine Anti-Trust Act: In 1898, the Ohio government implemented the Valentine Anti-Trust Act. This piece of legislation resulted from a government investigation of Ohio's coal, insurance, railroad, and oil industries, among others. . . .
Waite, Morrison R.: Morrison R. Waite was a chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court who spent much of his adult life in Ohio. . . .
Ward Transfer Line: The Ward Transfer Line is the oldest, continuously-operating African-American business in the United States. William S. Ward founded the business in 1881 as a moving company. . . .
Warszawa, Ohio: During the late nineteenth century, Polish Ohioans established the community of Warszawa in Cleveland, Ohio. Today, this community is known as Slavic Village. . . .
Watson, David K.: David Kemper Watson was a prominent politician during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, who served as Ohio's Attorney General and who represented Ohio in the United States House of Representatives. . . .
Webb, Lucy W.: Lucy Ware Webb was an advocate for the abolition of slavery and the rights of women in nineteenth century America. She was the wife of President Rutherford B. Hayes. . . .
Welsh Ohioans: Like numerous other nationalities, ethnic Welsh people viewed Ohio as a land of opportunity during the 1800s. . . .
West Jefferson, Ohio: West Jefferson, formerly known as Jefferson, is a community in Madison County, Ohio. . . .
West Liberty, Ohio: West Liberty is a small community in Logan County, Ohio. . . .
Western Reserve & Northern Ohio Historical Society: On May 28, 1867, the predecessor to the Western Reserve Historical Society, the Western Reserve & Northern Ohio Historical Society, formed in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Western Reserve Historical Society: On May 28, 1867, the predecessor to the Western Reserve Historical Society, the Western Reserve & Northern Ohio Historical Society, formed in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Westminster, Ohio: Plain City, which was formerly known as Westminster and Pleasant Valley, is a community in northern Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Whirligig: The toy that is now known as the Yo-Yo originally was known as the whirligig in the United States. The toy has probably existed for more than one thousand years. . . .
Whiteley, William N.: William Needham Whiteley was an important Ohio industrialist during the nineteenth century. . . .
Willard, Archibald: Artist Archibald Willard was born in Bedford, Ohio, in 1836. . . .
Williams, Alice M.: Alice Moon Williams was a missionary for the Congregationalist Church. She was born on May 22, 1860, in Reedsburg, Ohio. . . .
Williams, George L.: George Louis Williams was a missionary for the Congregational Church. He was born on October 4, 1858, in Stonington, Connecticut. . . .
Williams, George W.: George Washington Williams was the first African American elected to the Ohio General Assembly. . . .
Williamsburg, Ohio (Noble County): Williamsburg, now known as Batesville, is a small community in Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Willoughby, Ohio: Willoughby is a community in Lake County, Ohio. During its history, the town has also been called Charlton, Chagrin, and Chagrin Mills. . . .
Wilmington College: In 1870, the Society of Friends, also known as the Quakers, established Wilmington College in Wilmington, Ohio. . . .
Winton Motor Carriage Company: Scottish immigrant Alexander Winton was a bicycle manufacturer in Cleveland, Ohio, in the late nineteenth century. By the mid-1890s, Winton became interested in designing an automobile. He built his first motorized vehicle in 1896. . . .
Winton, Alexander: Alexander Winton immigrated to the United States from Scotland in 1878. He was only twenty-two years old when he settled in Cleveland, Ohio, and began to manufacturer bicycles at the Winton Bicycle Company. . . .
Woman's Christian Temperance Union: In 1874, a group of Cleveland women established the Women's Christian Temperance Union. This organization pressured the Ohio and federal governments to implement Prohibition. . . .
Women's Relief Corps Home for Army Nurses: In 1892, the Women's Relief Corps established the Women's Relief Corps Home for Army Nurses in Madison, Ohio. . . .
Woodhull, Victoria C.: Homer, Ohio native, Victoria Claffin Woodhull, was a prominent magazine editor and women's rights advocate during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. . . .
Woods, Granville T.: Granville T. Woods was an African-American inventor and was born on April 23, 1856, in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Wooster University: On December 18, 1866, the Presbyterian Church authorized the creation of the Wooster University, the predecessor of the College of Wooster, in Wooster, Ohio. . . .
Working Home for the Blind: In 1886, the Ohio General Assembly established the Working Home for the Blind in Iberia, Ohio. . . .
World's First Automobile Accident: The world's first automobile accident occurred in Ohio City, Ohio in 1891. . . .
World's First Automobile Insurance Policy: The world's first automobile insurance policy was issued in Dayton, Ohio in 1897. . . .
World's First Doctor to Make House Calls in an Automobile: Dr. Carlos C. Booth commissioned the Fredonia Carriage and Manufacturing Company to build an automobile that Booth had designed. The company completed Booth's car, and the doctor proceeded to use the automobile to make house calls in Youngstown. . . .
Yellow Press: The yellow press was the name given to reporters who sensationalized their news stories during the late 1800s and the early 1900s. . . .
Yo-Yo: The toy that is now known as the Yo-Yo has probably existed for more than one thousand years. . . .
Yoder, Samuel: Samuel Yoder was a political leader form Ohio in the years after the American Civil War. . . .
Young, Thomas L.: Thomas Lowry Young served as Ohio's Governor for slightly less than one year, beginning in 1877, when he succeeded Rutherford B. Hayes, who resigned to become President of the United States. . . .
Yugoslavian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Yugoslavian ancestors. Today, Yugoslav Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Zanesfield, Ohio: Zanesfield is a small community in Logan County, Ohio. . . .