Civil War (1860-1865)

Although most of the American Civil War was fought outside of Ohio's borders, the Buckeye State played a huge role in determining the outcome. Hundreds of thousands of Ohioans fought for the Union, and many of the North's leading generals were from Ohio. Few would dispute that Ohio's contributions were vital in determining the Union victory.

The American Civil War did not officially begin until 1861, but tensions between the North and the South were reaching a crescendo by 1860, prompting several Southern states either to leave or to debate leaving the United States of America. The division between North and South finally erupted into military conflict when Conferrate troops opend fire on the Federal garrison at Fort Sumter, in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, on April 12, 1861.

Just as the nation divided, Ohioans were split over this conflict. Most Ohioans supported the nation's reunification, but some, known as Peace Democrats and others who called themselves Copperheads, vehemently opposed the war. There were several reasons why these people did not support the Northern war effort.

A sizable number of white Ohioans, especially those living along the Ohio River, had migrated to the state from slaveholding states. While opponents of the war could not legally own slaves in Ohio, many of them had family members residing in the South who did own African-American slaves.
Some political opponents also feared that President Lincoln intended to free the slaves. Many of those who objected to slavery's end feared that African Americans would flood the North looking for jobs if they were given their freedom.
Some war opponents felt that that secession was not worth bloodshed. These people accepted the Southern argument that states, which voluntarily joined the Union, should be free to leave the Union if they chose to do so.
Others came to oppose the war when the federal government enacted a conscription act, forcing men to fight for the North.
Finally, some Ohioans simply did not want to leave their families without support while they or their sons were fighting in the war.

Despite the divided citizenry, a majority of Ohioans supported the war effort. During the American Civil War, the State of Ohio provided the United States government with more than 260 regiments of men. A total of 310,654 Ohioans served in the Northern army for varying lengths of time. Ohio men fought in every major battle of the war. Ohioans contributed greatly to the Northern victory. A number of prominent generals, including Irvin McDowell, Don Carlos Buell, Philip Sheridan, George McClellan, William T. Sherman, and Ulysses S. Grant, all came from Ohio.

To learn more about this pivotal era in Ohio's history, please browse these entries at your leisure.

There are 174 entries matching this time period. They are listed below in alphabetical order.

(Last Name Unknown), Poindexter: Poindexter was a slave owned by a Mr. Anderson in Kentucky. In 1854, Judge S.F. Norris in the Clermont County, Ohio Court of Common Pleas awarded Poindexter his freedom. . . .
Abraham Lincoln's Assassination: On April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth shot President Abraham Lincoln in the back of his head. Lincoln was attending a play, Our American Cousin, at Ford's Theatre in Washington, DC. He died the next day from his wound. . . .
African Americans: Numerous African Americans have resided in Ohio. Today, African-American Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Alma College: Alma College and its successor, Franklin College, were important educational institutions in Ohio during the nineteenth century. . . .
American Civil War: The American Civil War is one of the greatest conflicts in American history. . . .
American Miners' Association: In 1861, a group of miners met at Belleville, Illinois, and established the American Miners' Association. . . .
Anderson, Charles: Ohio governor Charles Anderson was born near Louisville, Kentucky, on June 1, 1814. His father, Colonel Richard Clough Anderson, had fought in the American Revolution, serving as aide-de-camp to the Marquis de Lafayette. . . .
Army of the Potomac: During the American Civil War, the Army of the Potomac was the North's primary army operating in the East. Organized in July 1861, this force confronted the Confederacy's Army of Northern Virginia throughout the conflict. . . .
Ashley, James: James Ashley was a prominent political and business leader in Northwest Ohio in the mid-nineteenth century, . . .
Athens Asylum: The Ridges was formerly an asylum for the mentally ill in Athens, Ohio. . . .
Balsley, John H.: John H. Balsley was inventior of the folding step ladder. . . .
Batesville, Ohio: Williamsburg, now known as Batesville, is a small community in Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Battle of Antietam: The Battle of Antietam was the climax of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia's first invasion of the North. . . .
Battle of Buffington Island: The Battle of Buffington Island was the only major Civil War engagement fought in the State of Ohio. . . .
Battle of Chattanooga: The Battle of Chattanooga took place from November 23 to November 25, 1863, during the American Civil War. . . .
Battle of Chickamauga: During the American Civil War, the Battle of Chickamauga took place from September 18 to September 20, 1863. . . .
Battle of Fort Donelson: In February 1862, General Ulysses S. Grant, a native Ohioan, led a Union force that captured Fort Donelson from the Confederacy. . . .
Battle of Fort Fizzle: The Battle of Fort Fizzle was an uprising in Holmes County to protect local residents from federal officials sent to Ohio to enforce the Conscription Act during the Civil War. . . .
Battle of Fort Henry: In February 1862, General Ulysses S. Grant, a native Ohioan, led a Union force that captured Fort Henry from the Confederacy. . . .
Battle of Gettysburg: In June 1863, General Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia launched an invasion of the North. . . .
Battle of Shiloh: The Battle of Shiloh occurred on April 6 and 7, 1862, at Pittsburg Landing on the Tennessee River. Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston attacked a Union army under the command of General Ulysses S. Grant, hoping to repel the Northern advance. . . .
Belle Center, Ohio: Belle Center, which has also been known as Belle Centre, is a small community in northern Logan County, Ohio. . . .
Belle Centre, Ohio: Belle Center, which has also been known as Belle Centre, is a small community in northern Logan County, Ohio. . . .
Bickerdyke, Mary Ann: Mary Ann (Ball) Bickerdyke was a nurse and health care provider to the Union Army during the American Civil War. . . .
Bosworth, Sala: Sala Bosworth was one of Ohio's earliest artists. He was born on September 15, 1805, in Halifax, Massachusetts. . . .
Bowles, John R.: John R. Bowles was chaplain of the 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War and, perhaps, was the first African-American public school teacher in Ohio. . . .
Brewery Arcade: The Brewery Arcade is a business building in Portsmouth, Ohio. . . .
Brough, John: John Brough (pronounced "bruff") served as Ohio governor from 1864 to 1865. . . .
Buell, Don C.: Don Carlos Buell was a Union military leader from Ohio during the American Civil War. . . .
Buffington Island: Buffington Island was the site of the largest battle to occur in Ohio during the American Civil War. . . .
Burnside, Ambrose: Ambrose Burnside was an important military leader for the North during the American Civil War. . . .
Camp Anderson: Camp Anderson was located at Lancaster, Ohio, at the Fairfield County Fairgrounds during the American Civil War. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers. . . .
Camp Chase: In 1861, Camp Chase was established in Columbus, Ohio, to replace Camp Jackson. Governor William Dennison had ordered Camp Jackson's creation as a meeting place for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . . .
Camp Dennison: Camp Dennison was a Union Army training camp during the American Civil War. . . .
Camp Goddard: Camp Goddard was located near Zanesville, Ohio. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . . .
Camp Hamer: Located in West Union, Ohio, Camp Hamer was a recruitment and training center for soldiers during the American Civil War. . . .
Camp Harrison: Camp Harrison was located near Cincinnati, Ohio. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . . .
Camp Jackson: Camp Jackson was located near Columbus, Ohio. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . . .
Camp Jefferson: Camp Jefferson was located at Bellaire, Ohio. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . . .
Camp Putnam: Camp Putnam was located at Marietta, Ohio. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . . .
Camp Scott: Camp Scott was located at Portland, Ohio. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . . .
Camp Taylor: Camp Taylor was located near Cleveland, Ohio. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . . .
Camp Wool: Camp Wool was located at Athens, Ohio. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . . .
Carruthers, George N.: Ohioan George North Carruthers was a missionary during the American Civil War. He helped African Americans in the South to gain their freedom from slavery and to begin their lives as free people. . . .
Cheesedom: Cheesedom was a term used during the nineteenth century to describe Aurora, Ohio, and surrounding communities. . . .
Cincinnati Rover Guards: At the start of the American Civil War, both the North and the South had to rely on individual states to supply the armed forces with men and supplies. In the case of Ohio, Governor William Dennison turned to the Ohio militia to provide the federal government with necessary troops. . . .
Civil War Anti-War Protests: Like some residents of other Northern states, numerous Ohioans strenuously objected to the American Civil War. Various reasons existed for the reluctance of these Ohioans and their fellow Northerners to support the Union. . . .
Civil War Artillery Units: During the American Civil War, the State of Ohio provided the United States government with three types of military units: artillery units, cavalry units, and infantry units. . . .
Civil War Cavalry Units: During the American Civil War, the State of Ohio provided the United States government with three types of military units: artillery units, cavalry units, and infantry units. . . .
Civil War Infantry Units: During the American Civil War, the State of Ohio provided the United States government with three types of military units: artillery units, cavalry units, and infantry units. Ohio supplied the federal government with more than 260 regiments of men, not counting several companies that formed the basis of regiments in West Virginia, Kentucky, and Massachusetts. . . .
Cleveland Grays: The Cleveland Grays is the longest-operating, volunteer militia unit in Ohio's history. . . .
Columbus Fencibles: At the start of the American Civil War, both the North and the South had to rely on individual states to supply the armed forces with men and supplies. In the case of Ohio, Governor William Dennison turned to the Ohio militia to provide the federal government with necessary troops. . . .
Columbus Videttes: At the start of the American Civil War, both the North and the South had to rely on individual states to supply the armed forces with men and supplies. In the case of Ohio, Governor William Dennison turned to the Ohio militia to provide the federal government with necessary troops. . . .
Conscription Act: In 1863, the United States government implemented the Conscription Act, which was also known as the Enrollment Act. . . .
Cooke, Jay: Jay Cooke was a prominent American banker and a principal financier of the Union military effort during the American Civil War. . . .
Copperheads: Copperheads or Peace Democrats were people who opposed the North's attempts to reunite the nation during the American Civil War. . . .
Covington Blues: The Covington Blues included some of the first Ohioans to volunteer for military duty with the United States Army during the American Civil War. . . .
Cox, Samuel S.: Samuel S. Cox was a prominent nineteenth century Ohio journalist and political leader. . . .
Crook, George: George Crook was an American military leader whose career spanned the era from the American Civil War to the closing of the Western frontier. . . .
Custer, George A.: George Armstrong Custer was an American military leader who became known as a cavalry commander for the North during the American Civil War and in the opening of the West in the years after this conflict. . . .
Dayton Light Guards: The Dayton Light Guards included some of the first Ohioans to volunteer for military duty with the United States Army during the American Civil War. . . .
Ditcher, Jim: Jim Ditcher was a free African American. During the 1850s and 1860s, he lived in Ironton, Ohio, where he assisted runaway slaves in gaining their freedom. . . .
Dupree, William H.: Ohioan William H. Dupree served in the 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War and, following this conflict, became actively involved in securing equal rights for blacks with whites. . . .
Emancipation Proclamation: During the American Civil War, the Emancipation Proclamation made slavery's demise one of the North's principal war aims. . . .
Enrollment Act: In 1863, the United States government implemented the Conscription Act, which was also known as the Enrollment Act. . . .
Fifteenth Amendment: As the American Civil War ended, the federal government was undecided as to how the seceded Confederate states were to return to the Union. President Abraham Lincoln favored a lenient policy and hoped to reunify the country quickly. . . .
Fighting McCooks: During the American Civil War, fifteen members of the McCook family from Ohio fought for the Union, earning them the nickname, "The Fighting McCooks." . . .
Foote, Allen R.: During the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, Ohioan Allen Ripley Foote sought to educate others about public finance issues. . . .
Franklin College (New Athens): Alma College and its successor, Franklin College, were important educational institutions in Ohio during the nineteenth century. . . .
Franklin Museum of New Athens, Inc.: The Franklin Museum of New Athens, Inc., is a museum dedicated to preserving the history of Franklin College. . . .
Freedmen's Bureau: The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands was to provide displaced persons of the South, including both whites and blacks, with assistance at the end of the American Civil War. . . .
General Order No. 38: In April 1863, General Ambrose Burnside, commander of the Department of Ohio, issued General Order No. 38. . . .
Giddings, Joshua R.: Joshua Reed Giddings was an abolitionist. He spent most of his life in Ohio and represented the state in the United States House of Representatives. . . .
Gillmore, Quincy: Quincy Gillmore was a Civil War military leader from Ohio. He was born on February 28, 1825, at Black River, Ohio. His father was a staunch supporter of President John Quincy Adams, and named his son Quincy Adams Gillmore. . . .
Grant, Julia D.: Julia Dent Grant was a First Lady of the United States of America. Her husband was Ohioan Ulysses S. Grant. . . .
Grant, Ulysses S.: Ulysses Simpson Grant was an American military leader and the eighteenth President of the United States. He was born Hiram Ulysses Grant on April 27, 1822, in Point Pleasant, Ohio. . . .
Hazen, William B.: William Hazen a military leader in the Army of the United States in the American Civil War and after. He was born on September 27, 1830, at West Hartford, Vermont. . . .
Hendricks, Thomas A.: Vice-President Thomas Andrews Hendricks was born on September 7, 1819, near Zanesville, Ohio. In 1822, his family moved to Shelby County, Indiana. Thomas Hendricks never again resided in Ohio. . . .
Hessenmueller, Edward: Edward Hessenmueller was a prominent German American, who spent much of his life in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Hibernian Guards: At the start of the American Civil War, both the North and the South had to rely on individual states to supply the armed forces with men and supplies. In the case of Ohio, Governor William Dennison turned to the Ohio militia to provide the federal government with necessary troops. . . .
Hundred Days' Men: In the spring of 1864, John Brough, the governor of Ohio, proposed that the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin enlist men to help defend their respective states during the American Civil War. Ohio would enlist thirty thousand new soldiers. . . .
Jackson Guards: The Jackson Guards included some of the first Ohioans to volunteer for military duty with the United States Army during the American Civil War. . . .
Jewett, Hugh: Hugh Jewett was a prominent attorney, politician and business leader in nineteenth century Ohio. . . .
John P. Parker House: The John P. Parker House was an important stop on the Underground Railroad. It is located in Ripley, Ohio, and the home currently is a museum owned by the John P. Parker Historical Society. . . .
Johnson's Island: Johnson's Island was a Union prison for Confederate officers during the American Civil War. It was located in Sandusky Bay of Lake Erie, near Sandusky, Ohio. . . .
Juneteenth: During the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation declared that slavery would end in any area still in rebellion against the United States on January 1, 1863. Lincoln hoped that Southerners would rejoin the United States before the deadline to keep their slaves. . . .
Kidwell, Newton J.: Newton Kidwell was a former Confederate soldier who lived in central Ohio after the Civil War but never lost his loyalty to the South. . . .
Klem, Johnny: Johnny Clem was a soldier in the service of the United States for most of his life. He was born on August 13, 1851, in Newark, Ohio. His actual name was John Joseph Klem. . . .
Lafayette Guards of Cincinnati: At the start of the American Civil War, both the North and the South had to rely on individual states to supply the armed forces with men and supplies. In the case of Ohio, Governor William Dennison turned to the Ohio militia to provide the federal government with necessary troops. . . .
Lafayette Guards of Montgomery County: At the start of the American Civil War, both the North and the South had to rely on individual states to supply the armed forces with men and supplies. In the case of Ohio, Governor William Dennison turned to the Ohio militia to provide the federal government with necessary troops. . . .
Lancaster Guards: At the start of the American Civil War, both the North and the South had to rely on individual states to supply the armed forces with men and supplies. In the case of Ohio, Governor William Dennison turned to the Ohio militia to provide the federal government with necessary troops. . . .
Langston, John M.: John Mercer Langston was the first African-American man to pass Ohio's bar exam. He also was an outspoken advocate of equal rights for African Americans with whites. . . .
Lincoln, Abraham: Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth President of the United States. . . .
Madison, Ohio: Madison is a community in Lake County, Ohio. . . .
McClellan, George B.: George B. McClellan was a prominent nineteenth century American military and political leader. . . .
McCook, Alexander: Alexander McCook was born on April 22, 1831, in Columbiana County, Ohio. The next year, he moved with his parents to Carroll County. In 1848, McCook received an appointment to West Point, graduating in 1842. McCook would spend the rest of his life in the United States Army. . . .
McDowell, Irvin: Irvin McDowell was a nineteenth century American military leader. . . .
McPherson, James B.: General James Birdseye McPherson was the highest ranking Ohio soldier to die in the American Civil War. . . .
Mentor, Ohio: At the time of this writing, Mentor is the largest city in Lake County, Ohio. . . .
Middletown, Ohio (Perry County): Somerset, which was once known as Middletown, was formerly the county seat of Perry County, Ohio. . . .
Montgomery Guards: At the start of the American Civil War, both the North and the South had to rely on individual states to supply the armed forces with men and supplies. Governor William Dennison turned to the Ohio militia to provide the federal government with necessary troops. . . .
Morgan's Raid: Morgan's Raid was the only major attack by Confederate forces on the State of Ohio during the American Civil War. . . .
Morgan's Raiders: Morgan's Raiders were Confederate cavalrymen under the command of General John Hunt Morgan. . . .
Morgan, John H.: John Hunt Morgan was a prominent Confederate cavalry officer in the American Civil War. . . .
Morrill Act: In 1862, the United States government approved the Morrill Act. Vermont Congressman Justin Morrill had first introduced this legislation in 1857, but the United States Congress did not pass it until five years later. . . .
Mount Sterling, Ohio: Mount Sterling is a community in Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Northern Democratic Party: In the Election of 1860, the Democratic Party split into two parties, the Northern Democratic Party and the Southern Democratic Party. . . .
Ohio Naval Militia: The Ohio Naval Militia had its roots in the Ohio Militia, which was formed in 1803. . . .
Ohio Tobacco Festival: Located in Ripley, Ohio, the Ohio Tobacco Festival commemorates the important role that tobacco has played in southern Ohio's economy since the nineteenth century. . . .
Ohio Tobacco Museum: Located in Ripley, Ohio, the Ohio Tobacco Museum commemorates the important role that tobacco played in southern Ohio's economy during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. . . .
Oil Industry: Drilling for oil in Ohio began in 1860. Drillers opened the first oil well in Ohio history near Macksburg, in Washington County. Additional wells soon appeared in Washington County and Noble County as well. . . .
Old Tavern: The Old Tavern is the oldest surviving tavern in Ohio. . . .
Order of American Knights: The Order of American Knights was also known as the Sons of Liberty. Members of this organization resided primarily in Northern states during the American Civil War and opposed the Union war effort. . . .
Paynes Crossing, Ohio: During much of the nineteenth century, Paynes Crossing, Ohio was a predominantly African-American community on the border of Perry County and Hocking County. . . .
Peace Democrats: Copperheads or Peace Democrats were people who opposed the North's attempts to reunite the nation during the American Civil War. . . .
Pine Street Colored Cemetery: The Pine Street Colored Cemetery was a cemetery for the African-American residents of Gallipolis, Ohio. African Americans in Gallipolis were prohibited from using the other cemeteries in the town. . . .
Plain City, Ohio: Plain City, which was formerly known as Westminster and Pleasant Valley, is a community in northern Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Pleasant Valley (Madison County), Ohio: Plain City, which was formerly known as Westminster and Pleasant Valley, is a community in northern Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Portsmouth Brewery: The Portsmouth Brewery was an important business in Portsmouth, Ohio during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Portsmouth Cement & Lime: Portsmouth Foundry and Machine Works was an important business in western Portsmouth, Ohio during the nineteenth century. . . .
Portsmouth Foundry and Machine Works: Portsmouth Foundry and Machine Works was an important business in western Portsmouth, Ohio during the nineteenth century. . . .
Portsmouth Guards: At the start of the American Civil War, both the North and the South had to rely on individual states to supply the armed forces with men and supplies. In the case of Ohio, Governor William Dennison turned to the Ohio militia to provide the federal government with necessary troops . . .
Quantrill, William C.: William Clarke Quantrill was a leader of Confederate guerrilla forces during the American Civil War. . . .
Rankin House: The Rankin House was an important stop on the Underground Railroad. It is located in Ripley, Ohio, and the home currently is a museum owned by the Ohio Historical Society. . . .
Rarey, John S.: John Solomon Rarey was a world-famous trainer of horses who gained the nickname, the “Horse Whisperer,” due to his unique style toward wild horses. . . .
Rend, William P.: William P. Rend was a prominent businessman in Ohio during the late nineteenth century. . . .
Ripley Museum: Located in Ripley, Ohio, the Ripley Museum commemorates the community's past. . . .
Rosecrans, William S.: William Starke Rosecrans was a major military leader in the American Civil War. . . .
Rover Guards: At the start of the American Civil War, both the North and the South had to rely on individual states to supply the armed forces with men and supplies. In the case of Ohio, Governor William Dennison turned to the Ohio militia to provide the federal government with necessary troops. . . .
Sarahsville, Ohio: Sarahsville was formerly the county seat of Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Sciotoville, Ohio: Once its own community in Scioto County, Ohio, Sciotoville is now part of Portsmouth, Ohio. . . .
Sheridan, Philip H.: Philip Sheridan was major figure in the military history of the United States in the latter half of the nineteenth century. . . .
Sherman's March to the Sea: Ohioan William Tecumseh Sherman, a general in the Union army during the American Civil War, is best known for his March to the Sea. . . .
Sherman, William T.: William Tecumseh Sherman was a prominent nineteenth century military leader from Ohio. . . .
Siege of Cincinnati: In September 1862, Confederate forces under General Kirby Smith captured Lexington, Kentucky in the second year of the American Civil War. Smith dispatched General Henry Heth to capture Covington, Kentucky and Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Siege of Vicksburg: A victory at the siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi, in 1863 gave the Union control of the Mississippi River in the American Civil War. . . .
Silver Creek Cheese Factory: In 1862, brothers Frank and Elisha Hurd built their first cheese factory, the Silver Creek Cheese Factory, in Aurora, Ohio. . . .
Soldiers' Aid Society: During the American Civil War, the Soldiers' Aid Society was a private organization providing Northern soldiers with the supplies they needed to carry on the war. . . .
Somerset, Ohio: Somerset, which was once known as Middletown, was formerly the county seat of Perry County, Ohio. . . .
Sons of Liberty: The Sons of Liberty was the nickname of the Order of American Knights. Members of this organization resided primarily in Northern and states during the American Civil War and opposed the Union war effort. . . .
Southern Democratic Party: In the Election of 1860, the Democratic Party split into two parties, the Northern Democratic Party and the Southern Democratic Party. . . .
Springfield Zouave Cadets: At the start of the American Civil War, both the North and the South had to rely on individual states to supply the armed forces with men and supplies. In the case of Ohio, Governor William Dennison turned to the Ohio militia to provide the federal government with necessary troops. . . .
Squirrel Hunters: Squirrel Hunters were civilian men from Ohio who assisted the federal government in defending Cincinnati, Ohio from Confederate attack in 1862. . . .
Stanley, David S.: David S. Stanley was a military leader in the Army of the United States for much of the last half of the nineteenth century. . . .
Stanton, Edwin M.: Edwin McMasters Stanton was the Secretary of War in the Lincoln administration during the American Civil War. . . .
Steedman, James: James Steedman was an Ohio political and military leader in nineteenth century America. . . .
Step Ladder: While step ladders had existed for several years, on January 7, 1862, Dayton, Ohio, resident John H. Balsley received the first patent in the United States of America for such a device. . . .
Summerfield, Ohio: Summerfield is a small community in Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Swayne, Wager: Wager Swayne was a military leader from Ohio during the American Civil War. . . .
Taylor, Lucy H.: Lucy Hobbs Taylor was the first woman in the world to receive a doctorate in dentistry. . . .
The Ridges: The Ridges was formally an asylum for the mentally ill in Athens, Ohio. . . .
Thirteenth Amendment: The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution formally ended slavery in the United States of America. . . .
Tod, David: David Tod was the twenty-fifth governor of Ohio. . . .
Tribe of Dan: During the American Civil War, fifteen members of the McCook family fought for the Union. Although scholars disagree on the exact number of McCooks who fought in the Civil War, . . .
Tribe of John: During the American Civil War, fifteen members of the McCook family fought for the Union. . . .
Trotter, James M.: James Monroe Trotter served in the 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War and, following this conflict, became the first African American to find employment in the Boston, Massachusetts division of the United States Post Office. . . .
Union Party: The Union Party was formed in Ohio during the American Civil War. It consisted of many members of the Republican Party and of pro-war members of the Democratic Party. . . .
United States Christian Commission: The Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) founded the United States Christian Commission on November 16, 1861. The commission hoped to provide spiritual support to men serving in the Union military during the American Civil War. . . .
United States Colored Troops: On May 22, 1863, the United States government authorized the formation of the United States Colored Troops (USCT). As the American Civil War continued, the government sought African-American soldiers to assist in the war effort. . . .
United States Sanitary Commission: The United States Sanitary Commission was organized in New York in April 1861. . . .
Vallandigham, Clement: Clement Vallandigham was a leader of the Ohio Democratic Party and an opponent of the American Civil War. . . .
Van Zandt, Gilbert: Gilbert Van Zandt was one of the youngest Ohioans to serve in the Union Army during the American Civil War. . . .
Wade, Benjamin F.: Benjamin Franklin Wade was a political leader from Ohio and a Radical Republican in the Reconstruction years after the American Civil War. . . .
Wade-Davis Bill: In 1864, during the American Civil War, Ohioan Benjamin Franklin Wade, a United States Senator, and Henry Winter Davis, a United States Representative from Maryland, introduced the Wade-Davis Bill. . . .
Wallace, Lewis "Lew": Lewis Wallace was a well-known American soldier, political figure and author in nineteenth century America. . . .
Weitzel, Godfrey: Godfrey Weitzel was a Union army officer in the American Civil War. . . .
West Jefferson, Ohio: West Jefferson, formerly known as Jefferson, is a community in Madison County, Ohio. . . .
West Liberty, Ohio: West Liberty is a small community in Logan County, Ohio. . . .
Westminster, Ohio: Plain City, which was formerly known as Westminster and Pleasant Valley, is a community in northern Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Wilderness Campaign: The Wilderness Campaign of 1864 was one of the most violent and deadly of the American Civil War. . . .
Williamsburg, Ohio (Noble County): Williamsburg, now known as Batesville, is a small community in Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Willoughby, Ohio: Willoughby is a community in Lake County, Ohio. During its history, the town has also been called Charlton, Chagrin, and Chagrin Mills. . . .
Zanesfield, Ohio: Zanesfield is a small community in Logan County, Ohio. . . .
Zanesville Guards: At the start of the American Civil War, both the North and the South had to rely on individual states to supply the armed forces with men and supplies. In the case of Ohio, Governor William Dennison turned to the Ohio militia to provide the federal government with necessary troops. . . .