Business and Industry

Ohio has been at the forefront of business and industry for much of its history. With the arrival of the earliest settlers, agriculture quickly arose as the dominant business in what is now Ohio. Between the 1780s and the 1870s, most Ohioans earned their living off of the land. By the late nineteenth century, Ohio underwent tremendous change economically, as industrialization erupted in the state. Coal, oil, and iron ore mining became important businesses. Factories began to manufacture rubber and steel products. With the dawn of the twentieth century, automobile production occurred. Thousands of people moved into Ohio's cities, seeking jobs in the new industries. These people included former residents of Ohio's rural communities, people from within the United States, and also foreigners. By the 1960s and 1970s, many manufacturing industries began to close. This was partly due to competition, but many businesses also relocated to other states and countries. In recent years, Ohio businesses have shifted to more service-oriented positions.

To learn more about this important topic in Ohio's history, please browse these entries at your leisure.

There are 732 entries matching this topic. They are listed below in alphabetical order.

Agriculture and Farming in Ohio: For all of Ohio's history, farming has been a major component of the state's economy. . . .
Airco DH.4 Bomber: During World War I, the Airco DH.4 Bomber was the only plane built in the United States of America to be flown in battle. . . .
Akro Agate Company: Akro AgateDuring the first decade of the 1900s, Akron, Ohio, residents Gilbert Marsh and George T. Rankin began to manufacture glass marbles on the second story of Marsh's shoe store. . . .
Akron Iron Company: Lewis Miller, Cornelius Aultman, and some of their associates formed the Akron Iron Company during the 1870s. . . .
Akron Rubber Strike of 1936: In an attempt to alleviate their conditions, workers established a union named the United Rubber Workers in 1935. The following year, this union organized its first major strike within Akron's rubber industry. . . .
Akron, Ohio: Akron is the county seat of Summit County. . . .
All American Quarter Horse Congress: The All American Quarter Horse Congress began in 1967. The Ohio Quarter Horse Association founded this event and continues to sponsor it to this day. The congress's purpose is to showcase the American Quarter Horse. . . .
Amalgamated Association of Miners of the United States: In 1882, miners in Ohio established the Ohio Miners' Amalgamated Association. In 1883, the Ohio Miners' Amalgamated Association became the Amalgamated Association of Miners of the United States, a national union. . . .
America: Originally published in Cleveland, Ohio, America was a Romanian-American newspaper. . . .
American Cereal Company: The American Cereal Company was founded in 1891. While its corporate offices were eventually located in Chicago, Illinois, the primary manufacturing center for its cereals was in Akron, Ohio. . . .
American Federation of Labor: Established in 1886, the American Federation of Labor is an umbrella organization for other unions. . . .
American Greetings Corporation: Jacob Sapirstein founded American Greetings Corporation in Cleveland, Ohio in 1906. . . .
American Miners' Association: In 1861, a group of miners met at Belleville, Illinois, and established the American Miners' Association. . . .
American Rolling Mill Company: The American Rolling Mill Company (ARMCO) opened in Middletown, Ohio, in 1901. . . .
American Steel and Wire Company: In 1899, numerous barbwire production companies merged together to form the American Steel and Wire Company. These businesses included ones in Texas, Illinois, Massachusetts, Ohio, and several other states. . . .
Americke Delnicke Listy (American Labor News): Americke Delnicke Listy, translated as American Labor News, was a Czech-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Ameripol: Ameripol made synthetic rubber production much more cost effective, helping Akron, Ohio, rubber companies, including B.F. Goodrich, Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, and Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, to meet the country's needs during World War II (1941-1945). . . .
Anderson, Sherwood: Sherwood Anderson was a prominent American author and journalist in the first half of the twentieth century. . . .
Anheuser-Busch, Inc.: Anheuser-Busch, Inc., originated in St. Louis, Missouri, during the 1850s and the 1860s. Today, it is the world's largest beer brewer. . . .
Astronaut-Maneuvering Unit: Peter N. Van Schaik invented an Astronaut-Maneuvering Unit that allowed astronauts to maneuver in space outside of a space vehicle. . . .
Athens Asylum: The Ridges was formerly an asylum for the mentally ill in Athens, Ohio. . . .
Austin Company: Carpenter Samuel Austin founded the Austin Company in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1878. Originally, the company focused on residential construction projects, but Austin soon began to branch out into design and construction of commercial buildings as well. . . .
Automobiles: Throughout most of the twentieth century, the city of Detroit has been synonymous with American automobile manufacturing. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, that was not the case. Instead, Ohio innovators in Cleveland and elsewhere were at the forefront of this new form of transportation technology. . . .
B.F. Goodrich Company: Benjamin Franklin Goodrich helped make Akron, Ohio, the "Rubber Capital of the World" during the late 1800s. He became involved in the rubber industry in 1869, becoming the largest stockholder in the Hudson River Rubber Company in New York. . . .
Baker Motor Vehicle Company: The Baker Motor Vehicle Company began producing electric-powered automobiles in Cleveland in 1899. Its founders were Walter C. Baker and Fred R. White, of the White Sewing Machine Company family. . . .
Balsley, John H.: John H. Balsley was inventior of the folding step ladder. . . .
Banana Split: In 1907, Ernest R. Hazard supposedly invented the banana split. He owned a restaurant in Wilmington, Ohio, and he hoped that a new ice cream treat would attract students from Wilmington College. . . .
Banana Split Festival: Every June, Wilmington, Ohio hosts the Banana Split Festival. In 1907, Ernest R. Hazard supposedly invented the banana split. He owned a restaurant in Wilmington, and he hoped that a new ice cream treat would attract students from Wilmington College. . . .
Bank of the United States: The Bank of the United States was established in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1791. Its purpose was to provide the United States with a stable monetary system. . . .
Banking Crisis of 1819: The Panic of 1819 and the accompanying Banking Crisis of 1819 were economic crises in the United States of America principally caused by the end of years of warfare between France and Great Britain. . . .
Banking Holiday: In 1939, responding to events caused by the Great Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt declared a "banking holiday," ordering all banks in the United States closed until government audits declared them solvent. . . .
Barber Match Company: By the late nineteenth century, the Barber Match Company, located in Barberton, Ohio, had become the largest manufacturer of matches in the United States of America. . . .
Barber, Ohio C.: Ohio Columbus Barber founded the Barber Match Company, an important Ohio business during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Barn Gang: During the early 1900s, Colonel Edward Deeds established the Barn Gang in Dayton, Ohio. Interested parties, including Charles F. Kettering, met on Deeds's property to discuss scientific and technological issues. . . .
Barney & Smith Car Company: Located in Dayton, Ohio, Barney & Smith Car Company built railroad cars. In the second half of the nineteenth century, railroads were constructed at a rapid rate. Barney & Smith capitalized on this growth and became one of the largest car manufacturers in the United States. . . .
Bateham, Michael B.: Michael B. Bateham was Ohio's second Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Battelle Memorial Institute: Battelle Memorial Institute was founded in 1923 with an endowment from the estate of Gordon Battelle. Located in Columbus, Ohio, the institute's mission is to develop practical applications for scientific research. . . .
Benadryl: Benadryl reduces the amount of Histamine in the human body, a chemical that causes allergy symptoms. . . .
Benedict, Aaron: Aaron Benedict was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Alum Creek. Ohio. . . .
Bentonville Anti-Horse Thief Society: During the nineteenth century, Ohioans relied on horses for transportation and for farming. Horse thieves were relatively common. To help protect their animals, in March 1853, residents of Bentonville, Ohio formed the Bentonville Anti-Horse Thief Society. . . .
Berea, Ohio: Berea, Ohio, was established in 1836. Henry O. Sheldon, a circuit rider, selected Berea and Tabor as possible names for the community. . . .
Berg, Mary G.: Ohioan, Mary Georgene Berg, better known as Mary Wells Lawrence, was prominent advertising executive during the mid-twentieth century. . . .
Bethany Station, Ohio: In 1942, in the midst of World War II, the United States government contracted with the Crosley Broadcasting Corporation to build a radio station capable of broadcasting its message around the world. . . .
Betz, Adam: Chillicothe, Ohio resident Adam Betz spent nearly twenty years as the sergeant of arms of the Northwest Territory's legislature and then of the Ohio House of Representatives. . . .
Bicycles: Bicycles dramatically changed life in Ohio during the late nineteenth century. . . .
Big Business: During the late nineteenth century, large corporations that employed thousands of workers formed. These companies became known as Big Businesses. . . .
Blimps: Zeppelins are a type of airship, named for and invented by Ferdinand von Zeppelin. They are also known as blimps, airships, and dirigibles. . . .
Bob Evans Restaurants: Rio Grande, Ohio, resident Bob Evans ventured into the restaurant business in the 1940s, operating a small diner. . . .
Bonham, Lazarus N.: Lazarus Noble Bonham was Ohio's eighth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Bonus Law: Passed by the Ohio state legislature on February 23, 1816, the "Bonus Law" required banks in Ohio to obtain a charter from the state legislature in order to operate and to pay taxes to the state. . . .
Bootlegging: Bootlegging refers to the illegal manufacture, transportation, or sale of alcohol. . . .
Bosworth, Sala: Sala Bosworth was one of Ohio's earliest artists. He was born on September 15, 1805, in Halifax, Massachusetts. . . .
Bradford Tavern: The Bradford Tavern was one of the first inns built in West Union, Ohio. . . .
Brewery Arcade: The Brewery Arcade is a business building in Portsmouth, Ohio. . . .
Brown, Ethan A.: Ethan Allen Brown, Ohio's seventh governor, was born in Connecticut on July 4, 1776. As a young man, he trained for the law in Alexander Hamilton's law office in New York, passing the bar examination in 1802. . . .
Brown, Waldo F.: Waldo F. Brown was a well-known American author and lecturer in the 1870's and 1880's. . . .
Bryant & Stratton Chain of Business Schools: In 1848, E.G. Folsom established Folsom's Business College, the predecessor of the Bryant & Stratton Chain of Business Schools, in Cleveland, Ohio. Only two students enrolled in the school's first academic term, but the institution grew quickly. . . .
Buchtel College: Buchtel College was founded in Akron, Ohio, in 1870. The school was named after industrialist John Buchtel, who was a prominent figure in the community and was associated with the Universalist Church. . . .
Buchtel, John R.: John R. Buchtel was a prominent Ohio businessman and philanthropist in the late eighteenth century. . . .
Buck Fry: During the late 1970s, motorists in the United States faced a gasoline shortage. In response to this shortage, The Ohio State University’s Department of Mechanical Engineering developed a new fuel known as “Buck Fry” from dirty cooking oil from the university’s cafeterias. . . .
Buckeye Egg Farm: Anton Pohlmann owned Buckeye Egg Farm, an egg production facility, with sites in Croton, Ohio, Marselles, Ohio, Goshen, Ohio, and Mount Victory, Ohio. . . .
Buckeye Mower and Reaper Company: In 1863, Ball, Aultman, and Company, a farm machinery manufacturing firm in Canton, Ohio, established the Buckeye Mower and Reaper Company in Akron, Ohio. . . .
Buckeye Steel Castings Company: In 1881, Buckeye Steel Castings began producing iron castings in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Burick , Si: Si Burick was a premier sportswriter and editor from Dayton, Ohio. . . .
Bushnell, Asa: Asa Smith Bushnell was the fortieth governor of Ohio. He was born in Rome, New York, in 1834. . . .
Calvert, Thomas L.: Thomas Lawrence Calvert was Ohio's tenth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Canadian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from both French and English Canadian ancestors. Today, Canadian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Canals: During the late 1810s, Governor Thomas Worthington and Governor Ethan Allen Brown both supported internal improvements, especially canals. Both men believed that Ohioans needed quick and easy access to the Ohio River and to Lake Erie if they were to profit financially. . . .
Caniff, Milton: Milton Caniff was one of the best-known cartoonists in America for much of the twentieth century. . . .
Canton, Ohio: Canton is the county seat of Stark County. . . .
Carlson, Carl O.: Carl O. Carlson invented microfiche. . . .
Carr, Joseph F.: Joseph F. Carr was born on October 22, 1880 (some sources claim that his birthday was on October 23, 1879), in Columbus, Ohio. As a young man, Carr, a newspaper reporter, became fascinated with football. In 1904, he formed the Columbus Panhandles. . . .
Case Sr., Leonard: Leonard Case, Sr., was a prominent resident of Cleveland, Ohio during the early nineteenth century. . . .
Cassady, Howard "Hopalong": Howard Cassady was an outstanding athlete at The Ohio State University in the early 1950's. . . .
Cedar Falls: Cedar Falls is part of the Hocking Hills State Park near Logan, Ohio. It is one of Ohio's most popular natural history attractions. . . .
Cedar Point: Cedar Point is a peninsula in northern Ohio located along Lake Erie, as well as an amusement park at the same location. It is located near Sandusky, Ohio. In the nineteenth century, Cedar Point served as the site for a lighthouse and as a port for fishermen. . . .
Celeron de Bienville's Expedition: In 1748, Comte de la Galissoniere, the highest-ranking French official in North America, ordered Celeron de Bienville (also spelled Celeron de Blainville) to take 250 French soldiers to the Ohio Country to renew old friendships with local Native Americans and to drive the English traders from the region. . . .
Chamberlain, William I.: William Isaac Chamberlain was Ohio's seventh Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Champion Machine Company: The Champion Machine Company was the largest producer of agricultural machinery in the world during the late nineteenth century. It was located in Springfield, Ohio. . . .
Chancellor University: In 1848, E.G. Folsom established Folsom's Business College, the predecessor of Dyke College and eventually Chancellor University, in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Charch, William H.: William Hale Charch invented moisture-proof cellophane. . . .
Cheesedom: Cheesedom was a term used during the nineteenth century to describe Aurora, Ohio, and surrounding communities. . . .
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway: The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway formed in 1869. It began as a conglomeration of smaller railroads, principally in Virginia, but eventually the company expanded its service to Ohio and beyond. . . .
Child Labor: The use of children as laborers in Ohio's agricultural and industrial occupations occurred from the very beginning of the state's history. Native American societies commonly relied on children to assist in hunting, the growing of crops, and other tasks. . . .
Chinese Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Chinese ancestors. Today, Chinese Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Christensen, Martin F.: In 1902, Martin F. Christensen invented an automated machine that could manufacture glass marbles. . . .
Cincinnati Enquirer: A number of newspapers were published in Cincinnati, Ohio, during the first half of the nineteenth century. The Cincinnati Enquirer, began publishing a daily paper on April 10, 1841. . . .
Cincinnati Historical Society: The Cincinnati Historical Society officially formed in 1963. . . .
Cincinnati Industrial Expositions: The Cincinnati Industrial Expositions were held in Cincinnati between 1870 and 1888 to showcase the products of Cincinnati business owners. . . .
Cincinnati Milling Machine Company: The Cincinnati Milling Machine Company eventually became Milacron Inc., and it was the largest machine company in the world by the 1930s. . . .
Cincinnati Museum Association: In 1880, Charles W. West of Cincinnati donated 150,000 dollars to the Cincinnati Museum Association to establish an art museum in the city. . . .
Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden: The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden resulted from an infestation of caterpillars. In 1872, caterpillars descended upon Cincinnati, supposedly devouring all vegetation within the city. . . .
Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad: Construction of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad (CH & D) began in 1851. The railroad attracted German and Irish migrants who were looking for work. . . .
Cincinnati, Ohio: From modest beginnings, Cincinnati soon became the "Queen City of the West". . . .
Circleville Pumpkin Show: Since 1903, Circleville, Ohio has been the home of the Circleville Pumpkin Show. The festival occurs annually and begins on the third Wednesday of October. . . .
Cleaveland, Moses: Moses Cleaveland was the founder of Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Cleveland Civil Disorders (1966 - 1968): In the mid 1960s, Cleveland, Ohio was the scene of several nationally prominent civil disturbances that were racially charged. . . .
Cleveland Clinic: Cleveland doctors George W. Crile, Frank E. Bunts, William E. Lower, and John Phillips founded the Cleveland Clinic Foundation on February 5, 1921. . . .
Cleveland Clinic Fire: A catastrophic fire at the Cleveland Clinic in 1929 impacted fire fighting practices and hospital procedures in Ohio and across the United States. . . .
Cleveland Stone Company: In 1886, George H. Worthington formed the Cleveland Stone Company in Cleveland, Ohio. It primarily excavated sandstone and operated quarries in Berea, Kipton, Elyria, Euclid, North Amherst, South Amherst, Amherst, Columbia, West View, La Grange, and Olmstead. . . .
Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland was the first settlement founded in the Connecticut Western Reserve by the Connecticut Land Company. It was named after General Moses Cleaveland, an investor in the company who led the survey of its land within the Western Reserve. . . .
Cleveland, Ohio's Chinatown: Cleveland, Ohio's Chinatown is an ethnic neighborhood in Cleveland, Ohio. Chinatown was established in the late nineteenth century. . . .
Clover, Philip K.: Philip K. Clover was born in 1843 in Columbus, Ohio. After a childhood on the family farm, Clover became an artist and an inventor. . . .
Coal: The first European settlers in Ohio recognized the presence of coal in natural outcrops in stream and river banks in the eastern part of the state. As the industrial revolution began, Ohio’s coal resources became increasingly important. . . .
Coal Mining: Coal mining began in Ohio during the 1810s and 1820s. . . .
Coffin, Levi: Coffin was born on October 28, 1798, in North Carolina. He was a member of the Society of Friends. Due to his religious beliefs, he became a strong opponent of African-American slavery. . . .
Colley, Russell: Russell Colley was a mechanical engineer and inventor who made major contributions to the American aircraft and aerospace industries. . . .
Columbus and Hocking Coal and Iron Company: In 1883, several coal and iron companies merged together to create the Columbus and Hocking Coal and Iron Company. . . .
Columbus Buggy Company: The Columbus Buggy Company was originally known as the Iron Buggy Company. Located in Columbus, Ohio, the company claimed to be one of the largest buggy manufacturers in the world. . . .
Columbus Bullies: The Columbus Bullies was a professional football team in Columbus, Ohio from 1939 to 1941. . . .
Commercial Building (Maumee, Ohio): The Commercial Building is the oldest business building in Lucas County, Ohio. It is located in the city of Maumee. . . .
Committee for Industrial Organization: Established in 1935, the Committee for Industrial Organization was an umbrella organization for other unions. . . .
Compromise of 1850: The Compromise of 1850 was one of several attempts by both the North and the South to settle differences over slavery's expansion. . . .
Congress of Industrial Organizations: Established in 1935, the Congress of Industrial Organizations was an umbrella organization for other unions. . . .
Connecticut Land Company: The Connecticut Land Company consisted of a group of investors who bought a large part of the Western Reserve of Connecticut in the years after the American Revolution. . . .
Connecticut Western Reserve: The Connecticut Western Reserve was an area in the Northwest Territory held, sold and distributed by the State of Connecticut in the years after the American Revolution. . . .
Continuous Hot Strip Mill: John Butler Tytus, Jr., invented a process to manufacture continuously rolling sheets of steel. This process, known as the continuous hot strip mill, reduced the manufacturing time and cost of sheet steel. . . .
Cooke, Jay: Jay Cooke was a prominent American banker and a principal financier of the Union military effort during the American Civil War. . . .
Coolidge, Calvin: Calvin Coolidge succeeded Warren Harding as President of the United States upon Harding's death in 1923. . . .
Cooper, Myers Y.: Myers Young Cooper was the fifty-first governor of Ohio. . . .
Corning War: The "Corning War" illustrates the racial tensions that existed in southeastern Ohio during the late nineteenth century. . . .
Corning, Ohio: Corning is a small community in Perry County, Ohio. . . .
Cox, George: George Cox was a prominent Republican politician during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. . . .
Cox, Jacob D.: Jacob Dolson Cox served as Ohio governor from 1866 to 1868. . . .
Cox, James M.: Ohio governor James Middleton Cox was born on March 31, 1870, in Butler County, Ohio. His parents were Gilbert and Eliza Cox. Cox spent his childhood on his parents farm. After attending the public schools, Cox briefly became a teacher. . . .
Cox, Samuel S.: Samuel S. Cox was a prominent nineteenth century Ohio journalist and political leader. . . .
Coxey's Army: In 1894, Massilon, Ohio resident, Jacob S. Coxey, formed group known as "Coxey's Army" that marched on Washington, D.C. to protest the federal government's failure to assist the American populace during the Panic of 1893. . . .
Coxey, Jacob S.: Jacob Coxey was a prominent political figure and labor-rights advocate during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Crabbe Act: Following the adoption of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919, the Ohio government implemented stringent measures to enforce Prohibition within the state's borders. One such law was the Crabbe Act. . . .
Crane, Clarence A.: Clarence A. Crane was the inventor of Life Saver candy. . . .
Cresap, Michael: Michael Cresap was a frontiersman born in Maryland on April 17, 1742. He spent part of his adult years in the Ohio Country as a trader and land developer. . . .
Crosley Broadcasting Corporation: Beginning in the 1920s, Cincinnati businessman Powell Crosley, Jr., ventured into radio broadcasting, establishing WLW, a Cincinnati radio station. . . .
Crosley Jr., Powel: Powel Crosley, Jr., was a prominent Cincinnati businessman during the twentieth century. . . .
Crowell-Collier Company: John Crowell, a printer from Louisville, Kentucky, came to Springfield, Ohio in 1878 to edit Farm and Fireside magazine. . . .
Cutler, Ephraim: Ephraim Cutler was an early Ohio political leader and educator. . . .
Cutler, Manasseh: Although he did not spend that much time in the state, Manasseh Cutler was a major figure in the settling of Ohio in the years after the American Revolution. . . .
Dana Holding Corporation: Based in Toledo, Ohio, Dana is a world leader in the supply of axles; driveshafts; and structural, sealing, and thermal management products; as well as genuine service parts. . . .
Darrow, Clarence S.: Clarence Seward Darrow was born on April 18, 1857, near Kinsman, Ohio. He attended local schools and eventually enrolled at the University of Michigan. . . .
Davey Tree Expert Company: Founded in Kent, Ohio, the Davey Tree Expert Company is one of the leading tree-care businesses in the United States of America. . . .
Davey, John: John Davey was one of the world's leading experts on trees and tree surgery. . . .
Davis, Richard L.: African-American Richard L. Davis was a prominent labor organizer during the late nineteenth century. . . .
Dawes, Beman G.: Beman Gates Dawes was a prominent Republican politician and philanthropist during the early twentieth century. . . .
Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company: In 1909, Charles F. Kettering and Edward Deeds founded the Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company, known as Delco, in Dayton, Ohio. . . .
Dayton Reliable Tool and Manufacturing Company, Inc.: In 1949, Ermal "Ernie" Fraze formed a machine tool business, the Dayton Reliable Tool Company, in Dayton, Ohio. . . .
Dayton Reliable Tool Company: In 1949, Ermal "Ernie" Fraze formed a machine tool business, the Dayton Reliable Tool Company, in Dayton, Ohio. . . .
Dayton Wright Airplane Company: The Dayton Wright Airplane Company originated from the Wright Company. . . .
Dayton, Ohio, General Motors Strike (1996): On March 5, 1996, three thousand workers, members of the United Auto Workers, went on strike at two General Motors (GM) parts plants in Dayton, Ohio, causing GM production facilities across the United States close. . . .
Debs, Eugene V.: During the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, Eugene V. Debs was a leading advocate for socialism in the United States of America. . . .
Delco: In 1909, Charles F. Kettering and Edward Deeds founded the Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company, known as Delco, in Dayton, Ohio. . . .
Denman, Matthias: Matthias Denman was one of the founders of the settlement that became Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Dennice Noveveku (Star of the New Era): Dennice Noveveku, translated as Star of the New Era, was a Czech-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Der Ohio Adler: Der Ohio Adler was a German-American newspaper published in Lancaster, Ohio. . . .
Diamond Match Company: The Diamond Match Company was the largest manufacturer of matches in the United States of America by the late nineteenth century. . . .
Diebold Incorporated: Charles Diebold founded Diebold Incorporated in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1857. . . .
Dinwiddie, Robert: Robert Dinwiddie was the royal lieutenant governor of Virginia from 1751 to 1758. He was born in Scotland in 1693. . . .
Dirigibles: Zeppelins are a type of airship, named for and invented by Ferdinand von Zeppelin. They are also known as blimps, airships, and dirigibles. . . .
Dirva: Dirva began publication in August 1916, in Cleveland, Ohio. Published in the Lithuanian language, this newspaper served as a means to deliver the news to Cleveland's growing Lithuanian population. . . .
Domestic Workers of America: In 1965, Geraldine Roberts, a resident of Cleveland, began organizing African-American women who worked as domestic servants. . . .
Donation Tract: After the Ohio Company of Associates purchased land in the Northwest Territory from the American government, the company began to organize that land for settlement. To encourage more settlement in the region, Congress also gave the company a grant of approximately 100,000 acres in 1792. . . .
Dow Chemical Company: Herbert H. Dow founded the Dow Chemical Company in 1895 in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Dow Law: Enacted by the Ohio legislature in 1886, the Dow Law permitted the Ohio government to tax and to regulate the trafficking of alcohol within the state. . . .
Dow, Herbert H.: Herbert H. Dow was a prominent scientist during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. . . .
Dueber-Hampden Watch Company: The Dueber-Hampden Watch Company was an important employer in Canton, Ohio during the early 1920s. . . .
Duer, William: William Duer was a political leader and real estate entrepreneur in the years of the American Revolution and the new nation. . . .
Dunlap, Renick W.: Renick William Dunlap was Ohio's thirteenth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio Board of Agriculture. . . .
Dyke College: In 1848, E.G. Folsom established Folsom's Business College, the predecessor of Dyke College and eventually Chancellor University, in Cleveland, Ohio. Only two students enrolled in the school's first academic term, but the institution grew quickly. . . .
Eagle Ironworks: In 1832, Miles Greenwood established the Eagle Ironworks on the banks of the Miami and Erie Canal in Cincinnati, Ohio. The foundry quickly became the largest in the Midwest. . . .
Early Industrialization: Industries continued to grow as Ohio became more heavily populated and as available land became scarce. . . .
East Liverpool, Ohio: Originally named St. Clair after the township in which it was located, the community of East Liverpool was founded by Thomas Fawcett circa 1799. . . .
East Ohio Gas Company Explosion: On October 20, 1944, a natural gas storage tank at the East Ohio Gas Co. plant in Cleveland, Ohio, exploded. The plant was located north of St. Clair Avenue near East 61st and East 62nd Streets. . . .
Eclipse Stove Company: The Eclipse Stove Company was the predecessor of the Tappan Stove Company. . . .
Edison, Thomas A.: Thomas Alva Edison was one of the greatest inventors of all of history. . . .
Edmont Manufacturing Company: In 1933, Edward Montgomery began experimenting with covering cotton gloves with vulcanized rubber. . . .
Eighteenth Amendment: The Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within the United States and its territories. . . .
Electric Suction Sweeper Company: In 1908, James Murray Spangler founded the Electric Suction Sweeper Company -- predecessor of the Hoover Company -- in Canton, Ohio. . . .
Electric Trolleys: During the late nineteenth century, some Ohio business owners and communities began to build smaller railroads that usually extended only a few miles either between towns or within a community. . . .
Electricity: Ohioans were among the earliest and most prominent pioneers in the use of electricity. . . .
Elliott, Matthew: Matthew Elliott was a British Indian Agent and militia officer in the years between the American Revolution and the War of 1812, Born in Ireland about 1739, Elliott migrated to America in 1761, . . .
Energy Crisis of the 1970s: In the 1970s, Ohioans, like other Americans, experienced inconvenience and financial hardships, due to severe fuel shortages and inflated prices caused by the rising cost of crude oil. . . .
Engineers Club of Dayton: In 1914, Charles F. Kettering, founder of Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company, and Colonel Edward A. Deeds established the Engineers Club of Dayton in Dayton, Ohio. . . .
English Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from English ancestors. Today, English Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Erie & Kalamazoo Rail Road: The Erie & Kalamazoo Rail Road was the first railroad completed west of the Allegheny Mountains. . . .
Erie Canal: The Erie Canal was a 363-mile canal that connected the Atlantic Ocean, via the Hudson River in eastern New York, with Lake Erie. The Erie Canal provided the first waterway connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. . . .
Esselborn, Julius: In 1889, Julius Esselborn became the owner of the Portsmouth Brewery, an important business in Portsmouth, Ohio during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Ethyl Gasoline: Automobiles dramatically changed life in the United States with their invention in the late nineteenth century. . . .
Evans, Bob: Restaurant founder Bob Evans was born on May 30, 1918, in Sugar Ridge, Ohio. His parents were Stanley L. Evans and Elizabeth Lewis Evans. After Evans married his childhood sweetheart, Jewell, the couple raised their family on a farm near Rio Grande, Ohio. . . .
Farm Labor Organizing Committee: In 1967, Baldemar Velasquez founded the Farm Labor Organizing Committee (FLOC). . . .
Farm Mechanization in Ohio: Farm mechanization, the use of machines to till the soil and to harvest a crop, dramatically increased farm yields and reduced farmers' workloads beginning in the nineteenth century. . . .
Farmers' Alliances: In 1889, Charles W. Macune organized the National Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union. . . .
Federal Manufacturing Company: By the early 1900s, Elyria, Ohio, businessman Arthur Garford had amassed a sizable fortune from the Garford Manufacturing Company. . . .
Federal Reserve Act: The Federal Reserve Act established twelve district banks. The fourth district, which included Ohio, was headquartered in Cleveland. . . .
Federated Department Stores: In 1929, several department stores combined to form Federated Department Stores. The new company's headquarters were located in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Female Protective Union: Cleveland, Ohio's Female Protective Union was a reform organization that sought to improve working conditions for women garment workers. . . .
Fergason, James L.: James L. Fergason is a prominent scientist and inventor. . . .
Ferrara, Ohio: Ferrara was a small community in Perry County, Ohio. . . .
Findlay Market: Findlay Market has a long history within the city of Cincinnati. It had its origins within a small store founded by General James Findlay in 1793. . . .
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company: In 1900, Harvey S. Firestone established the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio. . . .
Firestone, Harvey S.: Harvey Samuel Firestone established the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company. . . .
First Airplane Flight: The first successful flight of a powered airplane occurred at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on December 17, 1903. The plane's designers were Dayton residents Orville and Wilbur Wright, who until that point had made a living by building bicycles. . . .
First Cross-Country Automobile Trip: Horatio Nelson Jackson made the first cross-country automobile trip in 1903, in a Winton automobile that was manufactured in Ohio. . . .
Fisher Body Company: On July 23, 1908, Fred J. Fisher, Charles T. Fisher, and Albert Fisher formed the Fisher Body Company. The company intended to manufacture the bodies of automobiles for Ford Motor Company, Buick, and Cadillac, as well as several other companies. . . .
Fleming, James W.: James W. Fleming was Ohio's sixth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Folck, Blair E.: Blair E. Folck was instrumental in the founding of the All-American Quarter Horse Congress. . . .
Folded Paper Milk Carton: During the first decade of the 1900s, G. W. Maxwell developed the first paper milk carton. . . .
Folsom's Business College: In 1848, E.G. Folsom established Folsom's Business College in Cleveland, Ohio. Only two students enrolled in the school's first academic term, but the institution grew quickly. . . .
Foote, Allen R.: During the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, Ohioan Allen Ripley Foote sought to educate others about public finance issues. . . .
Foster, Charles: Ohio governor Charles Foster was born on April 12, 1828. His father, Charles W. Foster opened a store in 1832 in the small community of Rome in Seneca County, Ohio. . . .
Franklin University: In 1902, the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Columbus, Ohio, established the School of Commerce, the predecessor of Franklin University. . . .
Fraze, Ermal: Ermal "Ernie" Fraze invented the pull-top beverage can. . . .
Free Silver: During the various financial panics of the late nineteenth century, numerous different interests brought pressure to bear on the federal government to back United States currency with silver as well as the traditional gold. . . .
Freed, Alan: Alan Freed was a radio personality and creator of the term "Rock and Roll". . . .
Freemasons: Freemasons belong to the one of the largest fraternal organizations in the world. Originally, the Freemasons were an organization for stonecutters, but during the 1600s, the Masons opened their doors to men of all social rankings. . . .
French Grant: The French Grant was one of the many land divisions established in the late eighteenth century in what is now Ohio. . . .
Frisch's Big Boy: In 1939, David Frisch, opened the Cincinnati area's first drive-in eatery, that eventually became the first Frisch's Big Boy restaurant. . . .
Frisch, David: David Frisch was born in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1902,. He eventually created one of the most successful restaurant chains in the United States -- Frisch's Big Boy. . . .
Fulton, Robert: Robert Fulton created the first economically-viable, commercial steamboat. . . .
Fur Trade: The fur trade in North America began with the earliest contacts between Native Americans and the Europeans. Within a few years of their arrival in the New World, French, English, and Dutch fur traders were competing with each other to form trading relationships with the Indians. . . .
Future Outlook League: John O. Holly formed the Future Outlook League in 1935 to help African Americans find jobs in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Garford Company: By the early 1900s, Elyria, Ohio, businessman Arthur Garford had amassed a sizable fortune from the Garford Manufacturing Company. . . .
Garford Manufacturing Company: In 1892, Elyria, Ohio, businessman Arthur Garford purchased the Fay Manufacturing Company. . . .
Garford Saddle: In 1892, Elyria, Ohio, businessman Arthur Garford purchased the Fay Manufacturing Company. . . .
Garford, Arthur: Arthur Garford was a prominent Ohio businessman during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. . . .
Gasmask: On October 13, 1914, Cleveland, Ohio, resident Garrett Augustus Morgan patented a gasmask. . . .
Gayman, Benjamin F.: Benjamin Franklin Gayman was Ohio's twelfth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Geddes, James: James Geddes was born on July 22, 1763, near Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He worked on his parents' farm and taught school for a few years before moving to Kentucky in the early 1780s. . . .
Gee, John: John Gee moved to Gallipolis, Ohio, as a young man. He eventually became one of the community's largest landowners. . . .
General Motors: Today, General Motors remains one of the largest manufacturers of automobiles in the world. Some of their production facilities are located in Ohio, making this firm one of the largest employers in the state. . . .
George, Henry: Henry George was a journalist, writer, and political economist in the United States in the nineteenth century. . . .
George-Deen Vocational Law: In 1936, the United States government instituted the George-Deen Vocational Law. . . .
German and Italian World War II Prisoners of War: During World War II, the United States military housed both German and Italian prisoners of war in Ohio. . . .
Germania: Germania was a German-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Gilbert, Cass: Cass Gilbert was a well-known American Architect in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. . . .
Gilded Age: The Gilded Age began in 1877, following the conclusion of Reconstruction. It continued until the mid 1890s, with many historians contending that the era ended with the Panic of 1893. . . .
Golf Ball: On April 11, 1899, Coburn Haskell, a golfer from Cleveland, Ohio, and Bertram G. Work, an employee of the B.F. Goodrich Company in Akron, Ohio, received a patent for a golf ball. . . .
Gompers, Samuel: During the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, Samuel Gompers was a prominent labor activist in the United States of America. . . .
Goodrich, Benjamin F.: Benjamin Franklin Goodrich was a prominent businessman and founder of the the B.F. Goodrich Company. . . .
Goodyear Aerospace Corporation: In 1916, the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company purchased land near Akron, Ohio, to build a plant that could produce zeppelin aircraft. In 1917, the main Goodyear Company created a subsidiary known as the Goodyear Zeppelin Company to manufacture the zeppelins. . . .
Goodyear Aircraft Corporation: In 1916, the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company purchased land near Akron, Ohio, to build a plant that could produce zeppelin aircraft. In 1917, the main Goodyear Company created a subsidiary known as the Goodyear Zeppelin Company to manufacture the zeppelins. . . .
Goodyear Blimps: In 1916, the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company purchased land near Akron, Ohio, to build a plant that could produce zeppelin aircraft. In 1917, the main Goodyear Company created a subsidiary known as the Goodyear Zeppelin Company to manufacture the zeppelins. . . .
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company: In 1898, Frank Seiberling established the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio. . . .
Goodyear Zeppelin Company: In 1916, the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company purchased land near Akron, Ohio to build a plant that could produce zeppelin aircraft. In 1917, the main Goodyear Company created a subsidiary known as the Goodyear Zeppelin Company to manufacture the zeppelins. . . .
Goshorn, Alfred T.: Alfred Traber Goshorn was a business and civic leader from Cincinnati Ohio who became well known as a planner of industrial expositions. He was born on July 15, 1833, in Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Grandin, Philip: Philip Grandin was a prominent real estate speculator in early Ohio. . . .
Grange: Established in the late nineteenth century, the Grange, formally known as the Patrons of Husbandry, was an organization created to assist farmers with the various problems that they faced. . . .
Grant, Ulysses S.: Ulysses Simpson Grant was an American military leader and the eighteenth President of the United States. He was born Hiram Ulysses Grant on April 27, 1822, in Point Pleasant, Ohio. . . .
Grave-robbing: During the 1800s, medical schools routinely stole recently-buried cadavers to demonstrate medical procedures to their students. . . .
Gray, Elisha: Elisha Gray was an educator and inventor in nineteenth-century America. . . .
Great Depression: The Great Depression took place after the Stock Market Crash in October 1929. During the late 1920s, the stock market in the United States boomed. Many Americans began to purchase stock, and the value of stocks dramatically increased in value. . . .
Great Hocking Valley Coal Strike of 1884-1885: In 1884, miners working for the Columbus and Hocking Coal and Iron Company went on strike when company management lowered wages by one-fourth. . . .
Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway System: Since the first French colonists settled in modern-day Canada, humans had attempted to improve navigation on the St. Lawrence Seaway and on the Great Lakes. . . .
Great Migration: The Great Migration began in the 1910s and continued through World War II in the1940s. During this thirty year time period, hundreds of thousands of African Americans moved from the South to the North. . . .
Great Railroad Strike of 1877: The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 began on July 17, 1877, in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Workers for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad went on strike, because the company had reduced workers' wages twice over the previous year. . . .
Great Steel Strike of 1919: In 1919, workers represented by the American Federation of Labor went on strike against the United States Steel Corporation. . . .
Greek Catholic Union: The Greek Catholic Union is a national Carpatho-Russian fraternal organization. . . .
Greek Town, Ohio: Greek Town was an ethnic neighborhood in Cleveland, Ohio from the late nineteenth century to the mid twentieth century. . . .
Green, Barrett K.: Barrett K. Green was a prominent twentieth-century scientist and inventor. . . .
Green, Perry L.: Perry L. Green was Ohio's third Director of Agriculture. The Director of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio Department of Agriculture. . . .
Greenback Labor Party: The Greenback Labor Party was formed in the years following the American Civil War. During the Civil War, the federal government issued "greenback" paper money to keep a sufficient amount of currency in circulation. . . .
Greenwood, Miles: Industrial innovator Miles Greenwood was born on March 19, 1807, in Jersey City, New Jersey. In 1817, he moved with his father to Ohio, settling near Cincinnati. . . .
Grindstones: Grindstones are pieces of sandstone shaped like a wheel. Especially during the 1800s and the early 1900s, individuals and businesses utilized grindstones to sharpen tools and other implements. . . .
Hall, Charles M.: Charles Martin Hall was born in Thompson, Ohio, on December 6, 1863. He spent much of his youth in Oberlin, Ohio. As a child, Hall was an avid reader. After reading his father's college chemistry textbook, Hall decided to become a chemist. . . .
Hall, Ernest C.: Ernest C. Hall was an important aviation figure during the 1910s, 1920s, and 1930s. . . .
Hallock, Robert L.: Robert Lay Hallock was a prominent nineteeth-century inventor. . . .
Halsey Taylor: In 1912, Halsey Taylor began producing the Puritan Sanitary Fountain in Warren, Ohio. . . .
Halstead, Murat: Murat Halstead was a nineteenth-century American journalist, editor and author. . . .
Hamburger: It remains unclear, but some historians claim that Canton, Ohio, residents Frank and Robert Menches invented the hamburger. In 1885, these two brothers were selling pork sandwiches at the Erie Agricultural Fair in Hamburg, New York. . . .
Hamilton County: Hamilton County, Ohio, was established on January 2, 1790.. It was the second county formed in the Northwest Territory. Residents named the county in honor of Alexander Hamilton, who was the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States and a founder of the Federalist Party. . . .
Hammond, Charles: Charles Hammond was an attorney, journalist and early Ohio political leader. . . .
Hampden Watch Company: The Hampden Watch Company was an important employer in Canton, Ohio during the late 1800s and the early 1900s. . . .
Hanks, Jarvis F.: Jarvis Frary Hanks was a prominent Ohio artist during the 1820s, 1830s, and 1840s. . . .
Hanna, Jack: Jack Hanna is Director Emeritus of the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium and a well-known zoological advocate and educator. . . .
Hanna, Marcus A.: Marcus Alonzo Hanna was a prominent politician and United States Senator from Ohio during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Harding, Warren G.: Warren Gamaliel Harding was born on November 2, 1865, in Corsica, Ohio. He spent most of his youth at nearby Caledonia, Ohio. Beginning in 1879, Harding attended Ohio Central College. Three years later, he and a friend purchased the Marion Star, a newspaper in Marion, Ohio. . . .
Harkness, Stephen V.: Stephen V. Harkness was one of the founders of the Standard Oil Company. . . .
Harrison Land Act: In 1799, the legislature of the Northwest Territory selected William Henry Harrison to represent the territory in the United States House of Representatives. Upon taking his seat, Harrison immediately asked the House to assist in encouraging settlement of the Northwest Territory. . . .
Harrison Land Act of 1800 (Transcript): Transcript of the Harrison Land Act of 1800 . . .
Harrison's Road: During the War of 1812, General William Henry Harrison ordered the construction of a road connecting his troops with supply bases located in central, southern, and eastern Ohio. Harrison's Road passed through Defiance and Piqua. . . .
Haskell Golf Ball Company: On April 11, 1899, Coburn Haskell, an avid golfer, and Bertram G. Work, an employee of the B.F. Goodrich Company in Akron, Ohio, received a patent for a golf ball. . . .
Haskell, Coburn: Coburn Haskell was the founder of the Haskell Golf Ball Co. and a co-inventor of the modern golf ball. . . .
Haven, James L.: James L. Haven was a resident of Cincinnati, Ohio. Little is known of his early life. He eventually formed James L. Haven & Co. in Cincinnati. . . .
Hawke v. Smith: On June 1, 1920, the United States Supreme Court upheld Ohio's ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment over objections that the Ohio Constitution provided for a popular referendum on the issue. . . .
Hayden, Gillette: Gillette Hayden was the third woman to graduate from Ohio State's dental school and eventually became nationally known as an expert in the treatment of periodontal diseases. . . .
Hazard, Ernest R.: In 1907, Ernest R. Hazard supposedly invented the banana split. He owned a restaurant in Wilmington, Ohio, and he hoped that a new ice cream treat would attract students from Wilmington College. . . .
Heisey Glass Company: Augustus H. Heisey opened a glass factory in Newark, Ohio, in 1896. . . .
Herrick, Myron T.: Myron T. Herrick was Governor of Ohio from 1904 to 1906. . . .
Hessenmueller, Edward: Edward Hessenmueller was a prominent German American, who spent much of his life in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Hill, Alexander: Alexander Hill was once sheriff of Washington County, Ohio. He also was an important furniture maker during the early nineteenth century. . . .
Hill, Katherine: Katherine Hill created the T. Marzetti Company's Original Slaw Dressing and remained a vital employee of the firm for nearly seventy years. . . .
Hip Sing Tong: The Hip Sing Tong is an association that primarily promotes Chinese business development in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Hispanic Chamber of Commerce for Ohio: The Hispanic Chamber of Commerce for Ohio is an organization that promotes Latino-owned businesses in Ohio. . . .
Hoadly, George: George Hoadly was the thirty-sixth Governor of Ohio. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut, on July 31, 1826. . . .
Home Microwave Oven: In 1955, the Tappan Stove Company, which was located in Mansfield, Ohio, manufactured the first microwave oven for home use. . . .
Home State Savings Bank's Failure: In March 1985, the Home State Savings Bank of Cincinnati collapsed, setting off a series of savings-and-loan closures in Ohio and across the United States of America. . . .
Honda of America: In 1977, Honda Motor Company and State of Ohio officials announced that the company would be building manufacturing facilities near Marysville, Ohio. . . .
Hoover Company: In 1908, James Murray Spangler founded the Electric Suction Sweeper Company -- predecessor of the Hoover Company -- in Canton, Ohio. . . .
Hopewell Furnace: One of the first iron manufacturing establishments in Ohio was Hopewell Furnace. Established in 1804, Hopewell Furnace was located near Youngstown. . . .
Hotdog: Many scholars credit Niles, Ohio, resident Harry Mosley Stevens with inventing the hotdog. . . .
Howell, Thomas N.: Thomas N. Howell developed an exploding shell that was buried underground above a coffin to deter grave-robbing. . . .
Hubbard, William: William Hubbard was an abolitionist and operator of a stop on the Underground Railroad in the years before the American Civil War. He was born in 1787. . . .
Hull's Road: During the War of 1812, General William Hull ordered the construction of a road connecting his troops at Detroit with supply bases located in Ohio. Hull's Road began in Dayton and passed through Urbana on to Detroit. . . .
Humphrey, George M.: George Magoffin Humphrey was born on March 8, 1890, in Cheboygan, Michigan. He graduated from the University of Michigan with a law degree in 1912, and he spent the next several years practicing law with his father in Saginaw, Michigan. . . .
Hussey, Obed: Obed Hussey was a prominent inventor who developed a horse-drawn reaper. . . .
Hutchins, Thomas: Thomas Hutchins was an American surveyor, mapmaker and the first "geographer of the United States." . . .
Ice Cream Cone: It remains unclear, but some historians claim that Canton, Ohio, residents Frank and Robert Menches invented the ice cream cone. . . .
Ice Cream Cone Machine: Carl R. Taylor, a resident of Cleveland, Ohio, attended the World's Fair in 1904. He became fascinated with ice cream and the ice cream cone. . . .
Il Progresso Italiano in America: In 1903, Cleveland Italians established L'Italiano, the first Italian-language newspaper in Ohio. The paper eventually became known as Il Progresso Italiano in America and finally as La Voce Del Popolo Italiano in 1910. . . .
Incredible Creeping Golf Ball: On March 30, 1971, Cincinnati, Ohio, inventor Donald B. Poynter received a patent for his "Incredible Creeping Golf Ball." . . .
Industrial Workers of the World: The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), also commonly known as the "Wobblies," was a radical labor union formed in 1905. . . .
Interstate Commerce Act: As a result of the failure of states to regulate railroads, the United States Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887. . . .
Interurban Railroads: Interurban railroads were electrically-powered trains that connected communities together. . . .
Iron Production: Iron production during the early nineteenth century usually occurred on "plantations." . . .
Ivory Soap: In the 1878, Procter & Gamble began to market a new soap product. This new soap was inexpensive but of a high quality. . . .
J.M. Smucker Company: The J.M. Smucker Company produces a wide array of jams, jellies, and other food items. . . .
James M. Thomas Telephone Museum: The James M. Thomas Telephone Museum is located in Chillicothe, Ohio. The museum is located in the Horizon Chillicothe Telephone office building. . . .
Jeeps: In 1908, John North Willys purchased a portion of the Standard Wheel Company in Toledo, Ohio. In 1912, Willys renamed the company Willys-Overland Motor Company. . . .
Jenkins, Charles F.: Charles Francis Jenkins was a prominent inventor during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. . . .
Johnny Marzetti: Ohioan Teresa Marzetti was the first person to serve the casserole Johnny Marzetti in a restaurant. . . .
Johnson, Tom L.: Tom Loftin Johnson was Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, in the early twentieth century, . . .
Jones, Samuel M.: Samuel M. Jones was born on August 3, 1846, in Wales. His family immigrated to the United States in 1849. . . .
Joseph and Feiss Company: The Joseph and Feiss Company is an important clothing manufacturer in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
K'ung, Hsiang-his: K'ung Hsiang-his, also known as H.H. Kung, was born in the Shanxi Province of China in 1881. As a teenager, he attended schools run by missionaries from Oberlin College in Taigu, China. . . .
Kelley Bank Bill of 1845: The Kelley Bank Bill resulted from the Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States and the Panic of 1837. In 1832, Jackson ordered the withdrawal of federal government funds, approximately ten million dollars, from the Bank of the United States. . . .
Kelley, Alfred: Alfred Kelley was born in Middlefield, Connecticut, on November 7, 1789, and then moved with his family to Lowville, New York, at the age of ten. He trained as a lawyer under New York Supreme Court justice Jonas Platt beginning in 1807. . . .
Kettering, Charles F.: Charles Franklin Kettering was born on a farm near Loudonville, Ohio, on August 29, 1876. He came from a poor background but still managed to obtain an education. Kettering graduated from The Ohio State University in 1904 with a degree in engineering. . . .
Kilbourne, James: James Kilbourne was the founder of Worthington, Ohio and a surveyor, merchant and political leader in the early years of Ohio statehood. . . .
King Oorang Airedales: Walter Lingo was a resident of La Rue, Ohio. During the 1920s, he owned the Oorang Dog Kennels. Lingo used the kennels to breed Airedale dogs. He claimed that: . . .
Knights of Labor: The Knights of Labor was a labor organization established in 1869. It served as an umbrella organization for other unions that joined it. . . .
Knock-down Table: In 1951, the Sauder Woodworking Company, located in Archbold, Ohio, created the "knock-down" table. This table was packaged flat in a box, and the consumer easily assembled it at home. This marked the beginning of ready-to-assemble furniture. . . .
Know-Nothing Party: The Know-Nothing Party, also known as the American Party, was a prominent United States political party during the late 1840s and the early 1850s. . . .
Knowlton, Ephraim: Ephraim Knowlton was born in 1803. He came to the Cincinnati area in the early 1820s to supervise workmen on the Miami and Erie Canal. Knowlton founded the town of Cumminsville, named for David Cummins, one of the community's earliest residents. . . .
Kosar Jr., Bernie J.: Bernie Kosar was a popular and successful quarterback for the Cleveland Browns during the 1980s and early 1990s. . . .
Kroger Company: Barney Kroger opened up his first grocery store in Cincinnati in 1883, and by the following year had opened his second store. . . .
Kroger, Barney: Barney Kroger was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1860. As a young man, he embarked on a career in grocery sales, establishing the Great Western Tea Company in 1883. This business eventually became the first of many stores that operated under the Kroger name. . . .
Ku Klux Klan: During the late 1860s, some Southern veterans of the defeated Confederacy created the Ku Klux Klan. This organization's original goal was to deny African Americans the same rights and opportunities as white people in the South. . . .
Kutol Products Company: Kutol Products Company is a soap manufacturing company in Cincinnati, Ohio. It was founded in 1912. . . .
L'Araldo: L'Araldo, translated as The Herald, was an Italian-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
La Voce Del Popolo Italiano: La Voce Del Popolo Italiano, translated as The Voice of the Italian People, was an Italian-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Lafferty Funeral Home: In 1848, William Voris Lafferty founded the Lafferty Funeral Home in West Union, Ohio. The Lafferty family has run the funeral home since that time. . . .
Lake Erie: Lake Erie is one of the Great Lakes and currently serves as part of Ohio's northern boundary. During the 1700s and 1800s, Lake Erie provided a quick means of transportation for men engaged in the fur trade as well as settlers hoping to improve their fortunes in the Ohio Country. . . .
Lakes, Rivers and Canals: Ohio's streams flow into Lake Erie to the north, and the Ohio River to the south and southeast. There are more than 400 miles of waterways along Ohio's southern border that can be used by commercial boats. . . .
Lambert, John W.: In 1890, John William Lambert, a resident of Ohio City, Ohio, built the first gasoline-powered single-cylinder automobile. . . .
Lamme, Benjamin: Benjamin Lamme was born on January 12, 1864, near Springfield, Ohio. He attended The Ohio State University, graduating with a degree in mechanical engineering in 1888. After spending several months as a farmer, Lamme accepted a position with the Westinghouse Company in 1889. . . .
Lancaster Colony Corporation: Founded in Columbus, Ohio, the Lancaster Colony Corporation is a holding company. . . .
Latrobe, Benjamin H.: Benjamin Latrobe was a prominent nineteenth-century American architect and engineer. . . .
LCD: While working as the associate director of the Liquid Crystal Institute of Kent State University, in Kent, Ohio, James L. Fergason developed an improved liquid crystal display (LCD). . . .
League for the Preservation of Citizens' Rights: The "League for the Preservation of Citizens' Rights" organized to protest the Dow Law during 1888 and 1889. . . .
Lemko Association: The Lemko Association is a national Carpatho-Russian fraternal organization. . . .
Lerner, Al: Al Lerner was a prominent Ohio real estate executive who was also majority owner of the Cleveland Browns from 1998 until 2002. . . .
Libbey Glass Company: The Libbey Glass Company was one of the largest glass manufacturers in the United States of America during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. . . .
Licking Company: The Licking Company consisted of real estate speculators and early settlers of Licking County, Ohio. These men hoped to buy unimproved or undeveloped land in Ohio relatively cheaply and to sell it at a profit. . . .
Lima Locomotive Works: The Lima Locomotive Works was established in 1879, in Lima, Ohio. . . .
Limited Brands, Inc.: In 1963, Leslie Wexner, C.E.O. of Limited Brands, opened his first store in the Kingsdale Shopping Center in Columbus, Ohio. He named his store The Limited, a women's clothing store. . . .
Lingo, Walter: Walter Lingo was a resident of La Rue, Ohio. During the 1920s, he owned the Oorang Dog Kennels and sponsored the Oorang Indians professional football team. . . .
Liquid Crystal Display: While working as the associate director of the Liquid Crystal Institute of Kent State University, in Kent, Ohio, James L. Fergason developed an improved liquid crystal display (LCD). . . .
Little Claylick, Ohio: Little Claylick, Ohio was a coal-mining town. Typical of other such communities, Little Claylick no longer exists. . . .
Little Miami Railroad: The Little Miami Railroad was the second railroad to be built in Ohio. The state legislature granted the Little Miami Railroad Company a charter in March 1836. The purpose was to connect the city of Cincinnati to Springfield. . . .
Little Steel Strike of 1937: The Little Steel Strike of 1937 pitted steelworkers, represented by the Congress of Industrial Organizations, against smaller steel manufacturing companies, such as the Republic Steel Company, the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, collectively known as Little Steel. . . .
Livingston, Alexander W.: Alexander W. Livingston was born on October 14, 1822, near Reynoldsburg, Ohio. He grew up on his family's farm and received limited schooling. . . .
Ludlow, Israel: During the 1780s and 1790s, Israel Ludlow was a surveyor and town planner in the Northwest Territory. . . .
M & R Dietetic Laboratories: In 1903, Harry C. Moores and Stanley M. Ross founded the Moores & Ross Milk Company in Columbus, Ohio. For the first twenty-two years of the companys existence, it focused on bottling milk for home delivery. . . .
M.F. Christensen and Son Company: In 1902, a resident of Akron, Ohio, Martin F. Christensen, invented an automated machine that could manufacture glass marbles. . . .
Magee, Elizabeth: In 1920, a sufficient number of states ratified the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. This amendment granted women the right to vote. This amendment marked a dramatic improvement for women and their rights, however, efforts to improve women's rights did not just center on the right to vote. . . .
Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad: The Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad connected Wheeling, Virginia (modern-day West Virginia) to Cincinnati, Ohio, passing through Marietta. . . .
Marion Steam Shovel Company: The Marion Steam Shovel Company was founded in 1884 in Marion, Ohio. The company built steam shovels. . . .
Martinek, Joseph: A native of Czechoslovakia, Joseph Martinek was a prominent resident of Cleveland, Ohio during the early twentieth century. . . .
Marysville, Ohio: Marysville is the county seat of Union County, Ohio. . . .
Marzetti, Teresa: Teresa Marzetti was the founder of the T. Marzetti Company in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Mather, William W.: William Williams Mather was Ohio's third Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Mauchly, John: John Mauchly was born on August 30, 1907, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He spent most of his youth in Chevy Chase, Maryland. In 1925, he enrolled as an undergraduate at Johns Hopkins University, receiving his undergraduate degree in just two years. . . .
May Day Strike of 1886: On May 1, 1886, 350,000 workers staged a nationwide work stoppage to demand the adoption of a standard eight-hour workday. . . .
McBride, John: John McBride was born in Ohio in 1854. His father was a mineworker. McBride followed in his father's footsteps, but he is best remembered for fighting for the rights of the workingman. . . .
McClellan, George B.: George B. McClellan was a prominent nineteenth century American military and political leader. . . .
McCormick, Cyrus: Cyrus McCormick was born on February 15, 1809, near Lexington, Virginia. Hoping to reduce the workload on his farm, Robert McCormick, Cyrus's father, had tried to develop a mechanical harvester in the early nineteenth century. . . .
McElroy, Neil H.: Ohioan, Neil Hosler McElroy served as United States Secretary of Defense under President Dwight Eisenhower during the 1950s. . . .
McKinley Jr., William: Ohioan William McKinley, Jr., was President of the United States of America from 1897 to 1901. . . .
McKinley Tariff: In 1890, William McKinley, a member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio, introduced a tariff bill, which became known as the McKinley Tariff. . . .
McLean, John R.: John R. McLean was born on September 17, 1848, in Cincinnati, Ohio. The same year that McLean was born, his father, Washington McLean, acquired the Cincinnati Enquirer, a local newspaper. . . .
McVicker, Joseph: Joseph McVicker was born in 1929 to Irma McVicker and Cleo McVicker. With Cleo McVicker's death in 1949, Irma McVicker hired her son, Joseph, and her son-in-law, Bill Rhodenbaugh, to head Kutol Products Company, a Cincinnati, Ohio firm, formerly headed by Cleo, that produced soap and wallpaper cleaner. . . .
Mead Corporation: In 1846, Daniel Mead founded the Mead Corporation in Dayton, Ohio. . . .
MeadWestvaco: In 1846, Daniel Mead founded the Mead Corporation in Dayton, Ohio. The Mead Corporation is currently known as MeadWestvaco. . . .
Meatpacking: During the nineteenth century, many Ohioans earned their livelihood through meatpacking. Cincinnati emerged as one of the major meatpacking centers of the United States. By the middle of the 1800s, the city was known as "Porkopolis," due to meatpacking's importance to Cincinnati's economy. . . .
Mechanics Associations: Mechanics Associations were organized labor organizations founded in individual communities in Ohio beginning in the 1810s and 1820s. . . .
Menches Gourmet Burgers: It remains unclear, but some historians claim that Canton, Ohio, residents Frank and Robert Menches invented the hamburger. In 1885, these two brothers were selling pork sandwiches at the Erie Agricultural Fair in Hamburg, New York. . . .
Menches, Frank: Although its history remains unclear, some historians claim that Canton, Ohio, residents Frank and Robert Menches invented the hamburger. In 1885, these two brothers were selling pork sandwiches at the Erie Agricultural Fair in Hamburg, New York. . . .
Menches, Robert: Although its history remains unclear, some historians claim that Canton, Ohio, residents Frank and Robert Menches invented the hamburger. In 1885, these two brothers were selling pork sandwiches at the Erie Agricultural Fair in Hamburg, New York. . . .
Mentor: Mentor was a Greek newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Merrick, Myra K.: Dr. Myra King Merrick was the first woman medical doctor in Ohio. She moved to Cleveland to set up her practice in 1852. . . .
Miami and Erie Canal: The Miami and Erie Canal was one of Ohio's most important canals during the mid nineteenth century. . . .
Miami Exporting Company: The Miami Exporting Company was the first bank chartered in Ohio by the state legislature. It was located in Cincinnati and received its charter in 1803. . . .
Miami Purchase: The Miami Purchase was an early land division in the region of what would become Ohio. . . .
Miamisburg, Ohio, Train Derailment: On July 8, 1986, fifteen cars of a forty-four-car CSX train derailed near Miamisburg, Ohio. Some of the cars that derailed contained phosphorus. . . .
Microencapsulation: On July 5, 1955, Dayton, Ohio, resident and National Cash Register Company employee Barrett K. Green received a patent for the process of microencapsulation. . . .
Microfiche: Carl O. Carlson invented microfiche. . . .
Milacron Incorporated: The Cincinnati Milling Machine Company eventually became Milacron Inc., and it was the largest machine company in the world by the 1930s. . . .
Millcroft: Built in 1816, the Millcroft was one of the earliest homes to be built in Milford, Ohio. The home was constructed on the most expensive lot in Milford. T . . .
Miller, Wells W.: Wells W. Miller was Ohio's ninth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Mills Brothers: The Mills Brothers was an African-American vocal group that formed during the 1920s. . . .
Mills, Victor: Victor Mills was a prominent inventor who eventually became head of Procter & Gamble's Exploratory Development Division. . . .
Mineral Springs Health Resort: Located near Peebles in Adams County, Ohio, Sodaville, which eventually became known as the Mineral Springs Health Resort, was a prominent resort community known for its mineral springs. . . .
Mitchel, Ormsby M.: Ormsby McKnight Mitchel was an attorney, educator, astronomer and Union army military leader in the American Civil War. . . .
Model T: In 1909, automobile manufacturer Henry Ford introduced the Model T. This automobile became the most popular and affordable car available to the American people during the 1910s and the 1920s. In 1912, the Model T sold for six hundred dollars. . . .
Modell, Arthur B.: Arthur (Art) B. Modell was born on June 23, 1925, in Brooklyn, New York. As a young man, he amassed a fortune working in television production in New York City. In 1961, he purchased the Cleveland Browns, a National Football League (NFL) team, for four million dollars. . . .
Moerlein, Christian: Christian Moerlein was born in Truppack, Bavaria, in 1818. He immigrated to the United States in 1841, eventually settling in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1842. In 1853, Moerlein established a brewery in Over-the-Rhine, a predominantly German neighborhood in Cincinnati. . . .
Monopoly: During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, businesses aspired to form monopolies. To have a monopoly, a business would be the sole manufacturer of a product or be able to dominate a particular industry because it could produce so much more of a product than its competitors. . . .
Montgomery Pike: Built between 1824 and 1829, the Montgomery Pike extended from the community of Montgomery to Zanesville. Montgomery originally began as a stagecoach stop along the Cincinnati-Zanesville Road. . . .
Moonville, Ohio: Moonville was a small railroad and mining community in Vinton County, Ohio. . . .
Morgan, Garrett A.: Garrett Morgan was an inventor and businessman in Cleveland in the first half of the 20th Century. . . .
Morrow, Jeremiah: Jeremiah Morrow was a legislator, political leader and the ninth Governor of Ohio. . . .
Motion Picture Projector: Some scholars credit Dayton, Ohio, native Charles Francis Jenkins and a colleague with inventing the motion picture projector. . . .
Motts Military Museum: In 1987, Warren E. Motts established Motts Military Museum in Groveport, Ohio. Originally housed in Motts's home the museum moved to a much larger building in Groveport in 1999. . . .
Moulton, Lydia: Lydia Moulton was an early settler of Marietta, Ohio. A group of real estate speculators, the Ohio Company of Associates, founded Marietta, originally known as Adelphia, in 1788. . . .
Moulton, William: William Moulton was one of the original settlers of Marietta, Ohio. A group of real estate speculators, the Ohio Company of Associates, founded Marietta, originally known as Adelphia, in 1788. . . .
Movie Theater: Some scholars credit Dayton, Ohio, native Charles Francis Jenkins and a colleague with inventing the motion picture projector and the movie theater. . . .
Mr. Coffee: In 1968, Vincent Marotta, Sr., a Cleveland, Ohio, land acquisition and development company president, sought to develop a better home coffeemaker. . . .
Muskingum County: On January 7, 1804, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Muskingum County. The county’s name came from an Indian word for “near the river.” . . .
Myers, David N.: David N. Myers was a prominent twentieth-century businessman and philanthropist. . . .
National Cash Register Company: In 1884, John Henry Patterson bought out his fellow investors in the National Manufacturing Company and formed the National Cash Register Company, the predecessor of NCR Corporation. . . .
National Equine Sales: In 1960, Blair Edwin Folck and his wife Nancy Folck created National Quarter Horse Sales, the predecessor of National Equine Sales, in Springfield, Ohio. . . .
National Football League: During the 1910s, American football became an increasingly popular sport. Professional teams arose. Private businesses or individual communities usually sponsored the teams. They became a source of pride for the businesses and towns. . . .
National Hot Rod Association Spring Nationals: The National Hot Rod Association Spring Nationals is an annual drag racing event held at National Trail Raceway, located between Hebron and Kirkersville, Ohio. . . .
National Industrial Recovery Act: On June 13, 1933, the United States Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). The NIRA was part of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal. . . .
National Labor Relations Board: On July 15, 1935, the United States Congress passed the Wagner-Connery Act. U.S. Senator Robert F. Wagner of New York introduced the Wagner-Connery Act. This legislation legalized unions and created the National Labor Relations Board. . . .
National Quarter Horse Sales: In 1960, Blair Edwin Folck and his wife Nancy Folck created National Quarter Horse Sales in Springfield, Ohio. . . .
National Road: The National Road was one of the first paved (compacted gravel) roads to cross the Appalachian Mountains. . . .
National Trail Raceway: In 1963, Carl Rader, Sr., constructed National Trail Raceway, a one-quarter mile long drag racing track, located between Kirkersville and Hebron, Ohio. Since 1972, National Trail Raceway has held at least one National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) drag racing event each year. . . .
Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company: Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company has its roots in the Farm Bureau Mutual Automobile Insurance Company, founded by the Ohio Farm Bureau Federation in Columbus, Ohio, in 1926. . . .
NCR Corporation: In 1884, John Henry Patterson bought out his fellow investors in the National Manufacturing Company and formed the National Cash Register Company, the predecessor of NCR Corporation. . . .
Ness, Eliot: Eliot Ness was born on April 19, 1903, in Chicago, Illinois. He graduated from the University of Chicago in 1927 with dual degrees in business and law. . . .
New Berlin, Ohio: Samuel Bachtel laid out the community of New Berlin in February 1831. The small village was located in Plain Township, Stark County. Many of the early settlers of New Berlin were Germans. The original plan included twenty-three lots. . . .
New Deal: The New Deal was a major component of President Franklin Roosevelt's plan to help the United States recover from the Great Depression. . . .
New Orleans: New Orleans is a city in southeastern Louisiana, along the Mississippi River. . . .
New Straitsville Mine Fire: In 1884, striking miners pushed burning coal cars into a mine owned by the New Straitsville Mining Company, setting the mine ablaze. The fire still burns underground to this day. . . .
Norse Dairy Systems: Headquartered in Columbus, Ohio, Norse Dairy Systems is the world's largest manufacturer of sugar cones. . . .
North American Free Trade Agreement: In January 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) went into effect. . . .
North and East of the First Principal Meridian District: The South and East of the First Principal Meridian District and the North and East of the First Principal Meridian District were two land divisions in the Northwest Territory. . . .
North Canton, Ohio: North Canton was originally known as New Berlin. Samuel Bachtel laid out the community of New Berlin in February 1831. . . .
Novy Svet (New World): Novy Svet, translated as New World, was a Czech-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
O'Neil-Pringle Minimum Wage Bill: In 1933, the Ohio legislature debated the merits of the O'Neil-Pringle Minimum Wage Bill. This bill, if passed, would allow a state official to establish minimum wages for both women and children employed in certain businesses. . . .
O'Neill, C. W.: C. William O'Neill was Ohio's fifty-ninth governor. . . .
Ohio: Ohio is the seventeenth state within the United States of America. . . .
Ohio and Erie Canal: The Ohio and Erie Canal was one of Ohio's most important canals during the mid nineteenth century. . . .
Ohio and Mississippi Railroad: The city of Cincinnati provided financial support for the construction of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad in 1854. The railroad was built parallel to the Cincinnati and Whitewater Canal. . . .
Ohio Anti-Saloon League: The Ohio Anti-Saloon League was an important prohibition organization in the United States of America in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Ohio Automobile Company: One of the Packard Electric Company's subsidiaries was the New York and Ohio Company, which produced the first Packard Motor Car in 1899. The new manufacturing interest was first known as the Ohio Automobile Company, but the family renamed it the Packard Motor Car Company in 1902. . . .
Ohio Bicentennial Barns: To celebrate and commemorate Ohio's 200th anniversary as a state, the Ohio Bicentennial Commission selected artist Scott Hagan to paint at least one barn in each of Ohio's eighty-eight counties with the bicentennial logotype. . . .
Ohio Board of Agriculture: In June 1845, Ohio farmers organized the Ohio Board of Agriculture. During the following year, the Ohio General Assembly formally recognized the group as the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. The board's initial goal was to establish county fairs across Ohio. . . .
Ohio Branch of the Council of National Defense: During World War I, the United States Congress established the Council of National Defense to manage the domestic aspects of the nations war effort. . . .
Ohio Bureau of Labor Statistics: To determine the conditions that Ohio workers faced, the state legislature established the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 1877. Legislators hoped to determine whether or not government intervention was necessary. . . .
Ohio Canal Commission: The Ohio Canal Commission oversaw the construction of canals in the State of Ohio during the early and mid nineteenth century. . . .
Ohio Chamber of Commerce: In 1893, several Ohio business owners established the Ohio Chamber of Commerce. . . .
Ohio Civil Rights Act of 1959: To help eliminate racial discrimination in Ohio, the Ohio General Assembly enacted the Ohio Civil Rights Act of 1959. . . .
Ohio Civil Rights Commission: To help eliminate racial discrimination in Ohio, the Ohio General Assembly created the Ohio Civil Rights Commission in 1959. . . .
Ohio Civil Rights Law of 1894: The Ohio Civil Rights Law of 1894 was an early effort by the Ohio government to eliminate racial discrimination in Ohio. . . .
Ohio Company: In 1748, several wealthy Virginians, including George Washington, established the Ohio Company. The investors hoped to secure lands west of the Appalachian Mountains from the English government. . . .
Ohio Company of Associates: In 1786, a group of men in Massachusetts, including General Rufus Putnam and Brigadier General Benjamin Tupper, founded the Ohio Company of Associates, a real estate company. . . .
Ohio Consumers' League: The Ohio Consumers' League sought improved working conditions for women and children. . . .
Ohio Cultivator: The Ohio Cultivator was a newspaper dedicated to helping farmers. Founded in Columbus by M.B. Bateham in 1845, the newspaper remained in operation until the Civil War when it was merged with the Ohio Farmer newspaper. . . .
Ohio Department of Agriculture: In June 1845, Ohio farmers organized the Ohio Board of Agriculture. . . .
Ohio Education Association: In 1847, a group of teachers met at the Summit County, Ohio, courthouse and established the Ohio State Teachers’ Association. The organization later became the Ohio Education Association. . . .
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency: The Ohio state government established the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA) on October 23, 1972. . . .
Ohio Fair Housing Act of 1965: To help end discrimination in Ohio housing, in 1965, the General Assembly enacted Fair Housing Act. . . .
Ohio Farm Bureau Federation: The Ohio Farm Bureau Federation (OFBF) formed in 1919. Its original purpose was to lobby local, state, and federal leaders to pass legislation to assist farmers. Some of the organization’s early goals included providing electric service to rural areas and crop insurance. . . .
Ohio Gang: In 1920, Ohioan Warren Gamaliel Harding won election as president of the United States. As president, for the most part, Harding proved to be a poor manager of the federal government. He delegated authority to his cabinet officials. These men became known as the "Ohio gang," because they supposedly were a gang of thieves from Ohio. . . .
Ohio House Bill 610 (Gender Discrimination Prohibition): In 1973, the Ohio state government passed House Bill 610. This bill prohibited gender discrimination in employment, housing, and in public accommodations. . . .
Ohio Income Tax: In 1972, the Ohio state government implemented an income tax. This tax was a progressive one. Under a progressive income tax, the people who earn the most money pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes. . . .
Ohio Industrial Commission: During World War I, the United States Congress established the Council of National Defense to manage the domestic aspects of the nations war effort. . . .
Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company: The Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company was a banking institution located in Cincinnati, Ohio, during the 1830s, 1840s, and 1850s. . . .
Ohio Loan Law of 1837: On March 24, 1837, the Ohio legislature passed the Ohio Loan Law of 1837. This legislation was designed to assist the building of additional canals within the state. . . .
Ohio Mechanics Institute: Founded in 1828, the Ohio Mechanics Institute sought to assist Ohio's skilled workers with the state's rapidly industrializing economy. . . .
Ohio Miners Amalgamated Association: In 1882, miners in Ohio established the Ohio Miners Amalgamated Association. This organization was one of the first unions for miners in the United States. . . .
Ohio Oil Company: In 1885, oil deposits were discovered in northwest Ohio. To excavate the oil, the Ohio Oil Company was formed in 1887. . . .
Ohio Public Accommodations Law of 1884: The Ohio Public Accommodations Law of 1884 was an early effort by the Ohio government to eliminate racial discrimination in Ohio. . . .
Ohio Relief Commission: In 1932, the Ohio legislature created the State Relief Commission. This organization was also known as the Ohio Relief Commission. . . .
Ohio Retail Sales Tax Law of 1935: During the Great Depression, public schools in Ohio faced a financial crisis. Most schools received their funding through property taxes. Many Ohioans failed to pay their taxes because of the difficult economic times. . . .
Ohio River: The Ohio River is formed by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers at modern-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It ends approximately 900 miles downstream at Cairo, Illinois, where it flows into the Mississippi River. . . .
Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission: In 1948, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Virginia, and New York established the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO). . . .
Ohio School of the Air: The Ohio School of the Air was an early effort to use radio in public education. . . .
Ohio State Board of Agriculture: In June 1845 Ohio farmers organized the Ohio Board of Agriculture. In 1846 the Ohio legislature formally recognized the group as the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. The board proceeded to establish county fairs across Ohio. . . .
Ohio State Board of Health: During Ohio Governor Joseph Foraker's administration, the state government created the Ohio State Board of Health. This government bureaucracy's primary mission was to limit the spread of diseases throughout the state. . . .
Ohio State Fair: The Ohio State Fair is an annual exhibition held at the Ohio Expo Center in Columbus that showcases Ohio farming and commercial products and achievements. . . .
Ohio State Highway Patrol: In 1933, the Ohio government created a statewide police force known as the Ohio State Highway Patrol. . . .
Ohio State Journal: The Ohio State Journal newspaper originally began publication as the Western Intelligencer in 1811. The paper was published in Worthington, Ohio. . . .
Ohio State Medical Association: The Ohio Medical Association was established in 1835. . . .
Ohio State Teachers' Association: In 1847, a group of teachers met at the Summit County, Ohio, courthouse and established the Ohio State Teachers’ Association. The organization later became the Ohio Education Association. . . .
Ohio Tobacco Festival: Located in Ripley, Ohio, the Ohio Tobacco Festival commemorates the important role that tobacco has played in southern Ohio's economy since the nineteenth century. . . .
Ohio Tobacco Museum: Located in Ripley, Ohio, the Ohio Tobacco Museum commemorates the important role that tobacco played in southern Ohio's economy during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. . . .
Ohio Unemployment Compensation Law: With the beginning of the Great Depression in October 1929, many Ohioans became unemployed as businesses attempted to avoid bankruptcy by either firing or laying off workers. By 1932, 37.3 percent of Ohio workers were unemployed. . . .
Ohio Unemployment Insurance Commission: On April 9, 1931, the Ohio legislature created the Ohio Unemployment Insurance Commission. The legislature charged the commission to "investigate the possibility of setting up unemployment reserves or insurance funds to provide against the risk of unemployment." . . .
Ohio University: Manasseh Cutler generally receives credit for establishing Ohio University at Athens, Ohio in 1804. Cutler and the other investors in the Ohio Company of Associates followed the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and set aside land for the establishment of a public university. . . .
Ohio Valley Company: In 1881, W.J. Tappan formed the Ohio Valley Company, which manufactured cast iron stoves in Bellaire, Ohio. . . .
Ohio Women's Temperance Society: Established in 1853, the Ohio Women's Temperance Society was an early temperance organization in Ohio. . . .
Ohio's Banking Holiday of 1985: In 1985, Ohio Governor Richard F. Celeste declared a banking holiday, to halt a rush on deposits due the collapse of the Home State Savings Bank, of Cincinnati. . . .
Ohio's Most Unique Music Festival: What has been called "Ohio's Most Unique Music Festival," occurs annually in Logan, Ohio. The Washboard Music Festival has taken place every June on Father's Day weekend since 2000. . . .
Ohio's State Seal: The State of Ohio has had an official seal for more than 200 years. Over that time, the state government has modified the seal several times. . . .
Ohio's State Tourism Slogans: In 1984, the Ohio Division of Travel and Tourism created the slogan, "Ohio, The Heart of It All" to promote tourism. The office adopted this slogan for many reasons. . . .
Oil Industry: Drilling for oil in Ohio began in 1860. Drillers opened the first oil well in Ohio history near Macksburg, in Washington County. Additional wells soon appeared in Washington County and Noble County as well. . . .
Old Tavern: The Old Tavern is the oldest surviving tavern in Ohio. . . .
Olde Wayside Inn: Built as the Bradford Tavern, the Olde Wayside Inn is one of the oldest buildings in West Union, Ohio. . . .
Oldfield, Barney: Barney Oldfield was born on June 3, 1878, in Wauseon, Ohio. His name was originally Berna Eli Oldfield. . . .
On Leong Tong: The On Leong Tong, which is also known as the Chinese Merchants Association, is an association that primarily promotes Chinese business development. . . .
Opper, Frederick B.: Frederick Opper was a well-known American newspaper cartoonist for more than sixty years. . . .
Osborn v. Bank of the United States: Osborn v. The United States was a legal case heard by the United State Supreme Court that affirmed the McCulloch v Maryland decision and prohibited states from taxing instruments of the federal government. . . .
Osborn, Ralph: Ralph Osborn was Ohio's state auditor during the Panic of 1819. . . .
Otis Steel Company: Otis Steel Company was one of the first major steel companies in Ohio. Located in Cleveland , Otis Steel built the first open-hearth steel furnace in 1875. . . .
Otis, George K.: Ohioan George K. Otis was a famous businessman and Christian evangelist. . . .
Owens Bottle Machine Company: Michael J. Owens founded the Owens Bottle Machine Company in Toledo, Ohio in 1903. . . .
Owens, Michael J.: Michael J. Owens was born on January 1, 1859, in Mason County, West Virginia. As a teenager, he went to work for a glass manufacturer in Newark, Ohio. . . .
Owens-Illinois, Inc.: In 1929, the Owens Bottle-Machine Company merged with Illinois Glass Company to form Owens-Illinois Glass Company. In 1965, the legal corporate name was changed to Owens-Illinois, Inc. . . .
Packard Electric Company: In 1890, William Doud Packard and his brother James Ward Packard established the Packard Electric Company, which produced incandescent bulbs. . . .
Packard Motor Car Company: The Packard Motor Car, of Warren, Ohio, was a major automobile manufacturer in the United States during the first half of the 20th century. . . .
Pampers: In 1959, Procter & Gamble, a Cincinnati, Ohio company, began to market Pampers, which were disposable diapers. . . .
Panic of 1819: The Panic of 1819 and the accompanying Banking Crisis of 1819 were economic crises in the United States of America principally caused by the end of years of warfare between France and Great Britain. . . .
Panic of 1837: The Panic of 1837 was a financial crisis that had damaging effects on the Ohio and national economies. . . .
Panic of 1857: The Panic of 1857 was a nation economic depression caused, principally, by Europe's declining purchase of American agricultural products. . . .
Panic of 1893: The Panic of 1893 was a national economic crisis set off by the collapse of two of the country's largest employers, the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad and the National Cordage Company. . . .
Paper Bags: Fremont, Ohio, resident Charles Stilwell was a mechanical engineer. He dedicated his free time to manufacturing an improved paper bag. . . .
Parachute with Ripcord: James Floyd Smith invented the first parachute to use a ripcord. His invention was the predecessor of the modern parachute. . . .
Paragon Tomato: Many horticulturalists attribute the modern tomato to Reynoldsburg, Ohio, resident Alexander W. Livingston. Livingston spent two decades breeding his "Paragon" tomato before succeeding in 1870. . . .
Paramount's Kings Island: Paramount's Kings Island is a major amusement park located northeast of Cincinnati, in Warren County, Ohio. . . .
Parker, John P.: John Parker was an active participant in the Underground Railroad in Ohio and helped runaway slaves escape to freedom in the years before the American Civil War. . . .
Parsons, Samuel H.: Samuel Holden Parsons was an American political and military leader in the years following the American Revolution. He was one of the first settlers in the Northwest Territory and one of its most prominent early leaders. . . .
Patrons of Husbandry: Established in the late nineteenth century, the Grange, formally known as the Patrons of Husbandry, was an organization created to assist farmers with the various problems that they faced. . . .
Patterson, John H.: John Henry Patterson was born on December 13, 1844, near Dayton, Ohio. He spent his early years attending public schools in Dayton, as well as working in his father's saw and gristmills. During the American Civil War, he enlisted in the Union Army but served only one hundred days near the war's conclusion. . . .
Patterson, Robert: Robert Patterson was a soldier and early settler in Ohio after the American Revolution. . . .
Peerless Motor Vehicle Company: The Peerless Motor Vehicle Company was located in Cleveland , Ohio. The Peerless Company originally built clothes wringers and bicycles but in 1900 began producing its first automobiles. . . .
Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal: The Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal (P&O) was built between 1835 and 1840. Also known as the Mahoning Canal, the P&O connected Akron, Ohio, to the Beaver and Erie Canal in Pennsylvania. . . .
Perkins, Simon: Simon Perkins was an early settler of the Western Reserve of Connecticut in what would become northeast Ohio. Over a long and active life he would become involved in many of the most important economic and political events of his time. . . .
Phantoscope: Some scholars credit Dayton, Ohio, native Charles Francis Jenkins and a colleague with inventing the motion picture projector. . . .
Phelps, Oliver: Oliver Phelps was a political leader, soldier and early investor in land in Ohio after the American Revolution. . . .
Play-Doh: In 1949, Irma McVicker hired her son, Joseph McVicker, and her son-in-law, Bill Rhodenbaugh, to head Kutol Products Company, a Cincinnati, Ohio, firm that produced soap and wallpaper cleaner. Joseph McVicker soon realized that Kutol Products' wallpaper cleaner also could be used as a pliable modeling clay. . . .
Playfair, William: William Playfair (1759-1823) was a real estate speculator in the Northwest Territory. . . .
Plunder Law: On March 24, 1837, the Ohio legislature passed the Ohio Loan Law of 1837. This legislation was designed to assist the building of additional canals within the state. It allowed the Ohio government to loan businesses one-third of the total costs to complete a project. . . .
Plunkett, Roy J.: Roy J. Plunkett was born on June 26, 1910, in New Carlisle, Ohio. Plunkett received his bachelor's degree in chemistry from Manchester College in 1932 and his doctoral degree in chemistry from The Ohio State University in 1936. . . .
Pokrok: Pokrok was a Czech-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Polymer Valley: The northeastern portion of Ohio is commonly referred to as "Polymer Valley" due to the large number of rubber and plastic companies centered there since the late 1800s. Summit, Mahoning, Stark, Portage, Trumbull, and Columbiana Counties principally constitute Polymer Valley. . . .
Polyvinyl Chloride: Polyvinyl chloride is a plastic that is better known as vinyl. It is also known by the acronym PVC. . . .
Pomeroy, Alanson: Alanson Pomeroy was a politician, a businessman, and a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. . . .
Ponderosa: In 1965, the first Ponderosa restaurant opened in Kokomo, Indiana. It quick became famous for its steaks. Over the years the company also added a buffet. In less than a year, the company established twenty-five more restaurants and moved its headquarters from Kokomo to Dayton, Ohio. . . .
Portsmouth Brewery: The Portsmouth Brewery was an important business in Portsmouth, Ohio during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Portsmouth Cement & Lime: Portsmouth Foundry and Machine Works was an important business in western Portsmouth, Ohio during the nineteenth century. . . .
Portsmouth Foundry and Machine Works: Portsmouth Foundry and Machine Works was an important business in western Portsmouth, Ohio during the nineteenth century. . . .
Powderly, Terence: Terence Powderly was born in 1849, in Carbondale, Pennsylvania. While still a teenager, Powderly became an apprentice in a machine shop. Unhappy with working conditions in his chosen industry, Powderly joined the Machinists and Blacksmiths National Union in 1871. Within one year, Powderly had become this union's president. . . .
Powell Sr., Adam C.: Adam Clayton Powell, Sr., was an important African-American clergyman in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . . .
Powell, William: William Powell was the first African American to design and construct a professional golf course. In 1946, he began construction of the Clearview Golf Course in East Canton, Ohio. . . .
Procter, William C.: William Cooper Procter was born on August 25, 1862, in Glendale, Ohio. He was the grandson of William Procter, who established Procter & Gamble in 1837, in Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Pugh, Achilles: Achilles Pugh was the founder of the A.H. Pugh Printing Company, a publishing firm located in Cincinnati. Pugh's company began publishing James Birney's abolitionist newspaper The Philanthropist in April 1836. . . .
Putnam, Rufus: Rufus Putnam was a soldier and early settler of Ohio after the American Revolution. . . .
PVC: PVC is an acronym for polyvinyl chloride. . . .
Quaker Oats Company: Quaker Oats, originally know as the American Cereal Company was founded in 1891. While its corporate offices were eventually located in Chicago, Illinois, the primary manufacturing center for its cereals was in Akron, Ohio. . . .
Radio: In the 1920s, the new medium of radio reached millions of Americans for the first time. Some radio programs provided entertainment, while others presented current news. . . .
Radiovisors: Some scholars credit Dayton, Ohio, native Charles Francis Jenkins with inventing the first television set in the United States. . . .
Rahal, Robert W.: Ohioan, Robert (Bobby) Woodward Rahal was a highly successful racecar driver who won the Indianapolis 500 in 1986. . . .
Railroads: As early as the mid 1820s, Ohio residents advocated the building of railroads to speed travel time and to make it easier to ship products. . . .
Rainbow Crafts Company, Inc.: In 1949, Irma McVicker hired her son, Joseph McVicker, and her son-in-law, Bill Rhodenbaugh, to head Kutol Products Company, a Cincinnati, Ohio, firm that produced soap and wallpaper cleaner. . . .
Rarey, John S.: John Solomon Rarey was a world-famous trainer of horses who gained the nickname, the “Horse Whisperer,” due to his unique style toward wild horses. . . .
Ravenna, Ohio, Teachers' Strike: In the spring of 1981, teachers in Ravenna, Ohio went on strike for eighty-five days, the longest teachers' strike in U.S. history. . . .
Rend, William P.: William P. Rend was a prominent businessman in Ohio during the late nineteenth century. . . .
Rendville, Ohio: Rendville is a small community in Perry County, Ohio. . . .
Republic Steel Company: The Republic Steel Company was founded in 1899 in Youngstown, Ohio. The firm was originally known as Republic Iron and Steel Company. . . .
Resettlement Administration: On April 30, 1935, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt established the Resettlement Administration. The Resettlement Administration was part of President Roosevelt's New Deal. . . .
Resnik, Judith: Astronaut Judith Resnik, the second American woman to travel to outer space, was a member of the crew who tragically died when the Challenger space shuttle exploded in 1986. . . .
Rice, Helen S.: Helen Steiner Rice was a twentieth century author, poet and editor. . . .
Rickenbacker, Edward V.: Edward Vernon “Eddie” Rickenbacker was born in Columbus, Ohio, on October 8, 1890. His parents were Swiss immigrants to the United States. . . .
Rider's Inn: Located in Painesville, Ohio, Rider's Inn was a stop on the Underground Railroad. . . .
Rieveschl, George: George Rieveschl was the inventor of Benadryl, an antihistamine used for allergy sufferers. . . .
Ritty's Incorruptible Cashier: With the assistance of his brother, James Ritty invented the first cash register. He patented his invention on November 4, 1879, and called it "Ritty's Incorruptible Cashier." . . .
Ritty, James: James Ritty, with the assistance of his brother, invented the first cash register. . . .
Roadway Express: Akron-based Roadway Express is one of the largest commercial trucking firms in the United States. . . .
Roaring Twenties: Many people believe that the 1920s marked a new era in American history. The decade often is referred to as the "Roaring Twenties." . . .
Roberts, Geraldine: Geraldine Roberts, a Cleveland, Ohio resident, began organizing African-American women working as domestic servants in 1965. . . .
Rock House: Rock House is part of the Hocking Hills State Park near Logan, Ohio. The cave is one of Ohio's most popular natural history attractions. . . .
Rockefeller, John D.: John D. Rockefeller was a prominent industrialist and co-founder of the Standard Oil Company. . . .
Rodgers, Calbraith P.: Calbraith (usually reported as Galbraith) Perry Rodgers lived for several years in Dayton, Ohio. On September 27, 1911, Rodgers boarded his airplane, the Vin Fiz, and attempted to make the first transcontinental flight across North America. . . .
Rodina: Rodina, translated as The Family, was a Carpatho-Russian newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Roseville, Ohio: Roseville is a small community located approximately ten miles south of Zanesville. . . .
Rosie the Riveter: During World War II, millions of American women assisted the war effort by working in various industries. Before the war's outbreak, twelve million American women found employment in factories. The number of women working in such positions during the conflict soared to nineteen million women. . . .
Ross Laboratories: In 1903, Harry C. Moores and Stanley M. Ross founded the Moores & Ross Milk Company in Columbus, Ohio. In 1956, the company created Ross Laboratories to continue its experimentation with improvements in infant formulas. . . .
Rossford Arena Amphitheater Authority: In the 1990s, Rossford, Ohio, city officials established the Rossford Arena Amphitheater Authority. . . .
Rubber Industry: During the late nineteenth century, Ohio emerged as the leader of rubber production in the United States. Numerous rubber companies operated in or near Akron, Ohio, making this city the "Rubber Capital of the World." . . .
Rubbermaid: Rubbermaid, originally known as the Wooster Rubber Company, was founded in Wooster, Ohio, in 1920. The company originally manufactured toy balloons, but in the 1930s branched out into household products. . . .
Salt Sections: In 1824, the United States Congress gave the State of Ohio approximately four thousand acres of Congress Lands in Delaware County, Ohio and an entire township in Jackson County, Ohio. This grant became known as the Salt Sections. . . .
Sandles, Alfred P.: Alfred Putnam Sandles was Ohio's eleventh Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Sandusky and Mad River Company: The Sandusky and Mad River Company was one of the first railroad companies in Ohio. . . .
Sandy and Beaver Canal: Although the Ohio legislature issued the charter for the Sandy and Beaver Canal in 1828, the canal was not completed until 1848. . . .
Sauder Woodworking Company: In 1934, Erie Sauder established a furniture-making business, the Sauder Woodworking Company, in a barn behind his home. The company grew quickly, with Sauder relocating his company and its five workers to a new and expanded location in Archbold in 1935. . . .
Sauder, Erie J.: Erie J. Sauder was a prominent Ohio businessman and founder of the Sauder Woodworking Company, . . .
Savings-and-Loan Closures: In March 1985, the Home State Savings Bank of Cincinnati collapsed, setting off a series of savings-and-loan closures in Ohio and across the United States of America. . . .
Scabs: "Scabs" is a derogatory name for union members who refuse to go out on strike or workers who are hired by businesses to replace striking workers. . . .
Schmidt's Restaurant und Sausage Haus: Schmidt's Restaurant und Sausage Haus is a popular restaurant in the German Village neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Schott, Marge U.: Marge Unnewehr Schott was the controversial, controlling owner of the Cincinnati Reds from 1984 to 1999. . . .
Schumacher, Ferdinand: Ferdinand Schumacher was born in Germany in 1822. In 1851, he immigrated to Akron, Ohio, where he established a small grocery store. . . .
Scioto Company: The Scioto Company was involved in land investment and development in the Ohio Country beginning in 1789. Among the company's stockholders were Winthrop Sargent and Manasseh Cutler. . . .
Sciotoville Railroad Bridge: The Sciotoville Railroad Bridge is the longest riveted truss bridge in the United States of America. . . .
Scripps, Edward W.: Edward Wyllis Scripps was a journalist and newspaper publisher. . . .
Sea World of Ohio: Sea World of Ohio was a major amusement park that operated in Aurora, Ohio from 1970 to 2004. The park was located on Geauga Lake and featured Shamu, the killer whale. . . .
Segregation: Segregation was the practice of requiring separate public and private facilities for whites and blacks. While segregation was much more pervasive in the South after the American Civil War, African Americans still had much to overcome in the North. . . .
Seiberling, Frank: In 1898, Frank Seiberling founded the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company in Akron. . . .
Self-Opening Sack: Fremont, Ohio, resident Charles Stilwell was a mechanical engineer. He dedicated his free time to manufacturing an improved paper bag. . . .
Semon, Waldo: Waldo Semon was a prominent twentieth-century scientist and inventor. . . .
Shaw, Norman E.: Norman Ewing Shaw was Ohio's fifteenth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Sherman Anti-Trust Act: In 1890, the United States government passed into law the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. This legislation was an anti-trust act, authorizing the federal government to break up any businesses that prohibited competition. Its author was John Sherman, a United States Senator from Ohio. . . .
Sherwin-Williams Company: The Sherwin-Williams company was established in 1866 in Cleveland, Ohio by Henry Sherwin and Edward Williams. . . .
Shopping Centers: As Americans moved from the cities to suburbs, business owners began to develop new retail establishments to attract suburbanites. These establishments were known as shopping centers. . . .
Shuster, Joe: Joe Shuster was an American artist and one of the creators of the Superman comic book character. . . .
Siegel, Jerry: Jerry Siegel was an American author and one the creators of the Superman comic book character. . . .
Silver Creek Cheese Factory: In 1862, brothers Frank and Elisha Hurd built their first cheese factory, the Silver Creek Cheese Factory, in Aurora, Ohio. . . .
Sit-down Strikes: In 1935, workers at a rubber factory in Akron, Ohio, tried a new approach to strikes, which they called a sit-down strike. . . .
Smith, James F.: James Floyd Smith invented the first parachute to use a ripcord. His invention was the predecessor of the modern parachute. . . .
Smith, Lucien B.: On June 25, 1867, Lucien B. Smith of Kent, Ohio, patented barbed wire. Shortly thereafter, several other inventors patented inventions for similar products, but Smith patented his first, allowing him to claim that he invented barbed wire. . . .
Smith, Winthrop: Winthrop Smith was one of the founders of the Truman and Smith Publishing Company. . . .
Smucker, Jerome M.: Jerome Monroe Smucker founded the J.M. Smucker Company, which produces a wide array of jams, jellies, and other food items. . . .
Social Darwinism: The concept of Social Darwinism originated with English philosopher Herbert Spencer during the late 1800s. He based his ideas on the findings of scientist Charles Darwin, who developed the theory of evolution-that species improved over time with the strongest triumphing over the weak. . . .
Sodaville, Ohio: Located near Peebles in Adams County, Ohio, Sodaville, which eventually became known as the Mineral Springs Health Resort, was a prominent resort community known for its mineral springs. . . .
South and East of the First Principal Meridian District: The South and East of the First Principal Meridian District and the North and East of the First Principal Meridian District were two land divisions in the Northwest Territory. . . .
Spangler, James M.: While working as a janitor at a department store in Canton, Ohio, James Murray Spangler invented a portable electric vacuum cleaner. . . .
Specie Circular: In July 1836, President Andrew Jackson issued the Specie Circular. Under this act, the government would only accept gold or silver in payment for federal land. This act prevented working-class Americans from purchasing federal land in the West, including in Ohio, due to the lack of gold and silver. . . .
Spencerian College: In 1848, E.G. Folsom established Folsom's Business College, the predecessor of the Spencerian College, in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Spicer Company: Clarence Spicer started the Spicer Company in Plainfield, New Jersey, in 1904. In 1928, the company's headquarters was moved to Toledo, Ohio. In 1946, the company name changed to the Dana Corporation. . . .
Sprague, George: George Sprague was Ohio's fourth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Standard Oil Company: In 1862, John D. Rockefeller, a resident of Cleveland Ohio, joined with two partners to establish an oil-refining company. The men purchased oil wells in Titusville, Pennsylvania, and also constructed a well near Cleveland. . . .
State Bank of Ohio: The State Bank of Ohio was founded in 1845, in response to Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States and the Panic of 1837. . . .
Stauffer, George A.: George A. Stauffer was Ohio's fourteenth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Steamboat Travel to New Orleans: The first steamboat to travel on the Ohio River was named the New Orleans. Although not as well constructed as later vessels, it managed to steam its way from Pittsburgh to New Orleans in 1811. Robert Fulton and his partner, Robert Livingston, built the New Orleans. . . .
Steamboats: Steamboats revolutionized river travel during the first half of the nineteenth century. Although early Ohioans used the Ohio River to transport agricultural goods and manufactured products even prior to the invention of the steamboat, certainly their advent made travel easier. . . .
Steel Mills: In the early nineteenth century, there were a number of furnaces in Ohio that processed iron. These small industries were made possible by local iron ore deposits in southern and eastern Ohio. In addition, some parts of Ohio also had coal deposits that could be used to fuel furnaces. . . .
Steering Wheel: Alexander Winton became famous for his innovations in automotive design, ultimately registering more than one hundred patents. He is credited with building the first car with a steering wheel. . . .
Step Ladder: While step ladders had existed for several years, on January 7, 1862, Dayton, Ohio, resident John H. Balsley received the first patent in the United States of America for such a device. . . .
Stethoscope: On December 16, 1851, Cincinnati, Ohio, doctor Nathan B. Marsh received a patent for his version of the stethoscope. . . .
Stevens, Harry M.: Harry Mosley Stevens was the inventor of the hotdog. . . .
Stibitz, George R.: George R. Stibitz is considered to be the father of the modern computer. . . .
Stilwell, Charles: On June 12, 1883, the U.S. Patent Office granted Charles Stilwell a patent for a machine that manufactured a square-bottom bag with pleated sides. . . .
Stock Market Crash of 1929: During the late 1920s, the stock market in the United States boomed. Millions of Americans began to purchase stock, causing the market to dramatically increase in value. Unfortunately for the economy, so many Americans invested money in the stock market that stocks became inflated in price. . . .
Stouffer Corporation: The Stouffer Corporation has its roots in a small dairy stand, which Abraham and Mahala Stouffer founded in downtown Cleveland in 1922. . . .
Stouffer Frozen Dinners: The Stouffer Corporation was one of the first companies to produce frozen dinners. The Stouffer Corporation has its roots in a small dairy stand, which Abraham and Mahala Stouffer founded in downtown Cleveland in 1922. . . .
Suburbs: Suburbs are neighborhoods near to but not located in the center of cities. . . .
Sullivan, Charles: Charles Sullivan was an important Ohio artist during the nineteenth century. . . .
Summit County: On March 3, 1840, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Summit County. It originally was a portion of the Connecticut Western Reserve. . . .
Superman: Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster created the comic book character Superman when they were young men residing in Cleveland, Ohio. Siegel developed the storylines, while Shuster drew the comic. . . .
Surveying and Selling the Land: After the American Revolution, the United States held or claimed most of the land between the Canadian border and the Gulf of Mexico, and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River. . . .
Svet American (American World): Svet American, translated as American World, was a Czech-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Svoboda, Frank J.: A native of Czechoslovakia, Frank J. Svoboda was a prominent resident of Cleveland, Ohio during the early twentieth century. . . .
Sweatshops: The concept of sweatshops first emerged in American history in the nineteenth century as the United States began to industrialize. The term "sweatshop" was originally used to describe conditions in some parts of the clothing industry. . . .
Symmes Purchase: The Symmes Purchase was an early land division in the region of what would become Ohio. . . .
Symmes, John C.: John Cleves Symmes was a political leader, businessman, and real estate entrepreneur in the years after the American Revolution. . . .
Synthetic Rubber: During World War II, the United States experienced a rubber shortage. While the United States had access to naturally occurring rubber in Africa and Central and South America, most rubber imported to the United States came from Asia. . . .
T. Marzetti Company: Founded in Columbus, Ohio, the T. Marzetti Company produces specialty foods for restaurants and individuals. . . .
Taber, Lewis J.: Lewis John Taber was Ohio's first Director of Agriculture. The Director of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio Department of Agriculture. . . .
Taft-Hartley Labor Management Act: In 1947, the United States Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Labor Management Act. Representative Fred Allan Hartley and Ohio Senator Robert Alphonso Taft sponsored this legislation. . . .
Tappan Stove Company: In 1881, W.J. Tappan formed the Ohio Valley Company, which manufactured cast iron stoves in Bellaire, Ohio. . . .
Tappan, Arthur and Lewis: Arthur and Lewis Tappan were successful businessmen and early leaders of the movement to abolish slavery in America. . . .
Tariff of 1816: Tariffs are taxes placed on goods imported from foreign countries. Tariffs serve two main purposes. First, these taxes allow a nation to raise money. Second, tariffs protect a nation's goods from cheaper priced foreign items. . . .
Taverne of Richfield: Located in Richfield, Ohio, the Taverne of Richfield has been the site of a hotel, restaurant, or other business since it was built in 1886. . . .
Taylor, Carl R.: Carl R. Taylor, a resident of Cleveland, Ohio, attended the World's Fair in 1904. He became fascinated with ice cream and the ice cream cone. He returned to Cleveland and spent the next twenty years developing a machine that could manufacture ice cream cones much more cheaply and quickly than the Menches brothers' process. . . .
Taylor, Halsey W.: Halsey W. Taylor invented the non-squirting drinking fountain. . . .
Teapot Dome Scandal: The worst scandal of Harding Administration was the Teapot Dome Scandal, named for the Teapot Dome oilfield in Wyoming. . . .
Television: In the 1950s, the new medium of television reached millions of Americans for the first time. Some television programs provided entertainment, while others presented current news. . . .
Terminal Tower: The Terminal Tower in Cleveland, completed in 1930, was originally known as Cleveland Union Terminal. Brothers Oris Paxton and Mantis James Van Sweringen developed the original concept for the building. . . .
The Limited, Inc.: In 1963, Leslie Wexner, C.E.O. of Limited Brands, opened his first store in the Kingsdale Shopping Center in Columbus, Ohio. He named his store The Limited, a women's clothing store. . . .
The Ridges: The Ridges was formally an asylum for the mentally ill in Athens, Ohio. . . .
Thomas Law: In 1907, an economic downturn gripped the United States. It became known as the Panic of 1907. . . .
Thomas, James M.: James M. Thomas, a resident of Chillicothe, Ohio, was the first president of the United States Independent Telephone Association. . . .
Thomas, Rex D.: Rex David (Dave) Thomas was the founder of the Wendy's restaurant chain. . . .
Timken Company: The Timken Company is an important employer in Canton, Ohio. . . .
Timken Roller Bearing and Axle Company: The Timken Company is an important employer in Canton, Ohio. . . .
Timken Roller Bearing Company: The Timken Company is an important employer in Canton, Ohio. . . .
Toledo, Ohio: Toledo, the county seat of Lucas County, is located in the northwestern part of Ohio. . . .
Town and Country Shopping Center: Town and Country Shopping Center, which opened in 1956 in Columbus, may have been the first shopping center in the nation, although several other centers across the country claim to have been opened more than twenty years earlier. . . .
Tremont, Ohio: Tremont, Ohio is a suburb of Cleveland. It is located to the west of downtown Cleveland. . . .
Truax, Charles V.: Charles Vilas Truax was Ohio's second Director of Agriculture. The Director of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio Department of Agriculture. . . .
Trust Busting: In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, there was a massive wave of industrialization across the United States. One product of this era was the rise of "big business." Within certain industries, large corporations emerged. . . .
Tupper, Benjamin: Benjamin Tupper was a prominent early settler of the Northwest Territory. . . .
Tuppins, Isaiah: Isaiah Tuppins was the first African American to serve as a mayor in Ohio. He also was the first black man to earn his medical degree in Ohio. . . .
Turnpikes: In the early years of Ohio statehood, there were a limited number of roads linking various parts of the state. These routes included Zane's Trace, some old army roads, and the National Road. . . .
Tyler, Amos: On July 27, 1869, Amos Tyler received the first patent in the United States for chewing gum. . . .
Tytus Jr., John B.: John Butler Tytus, Jr., invented a process to manufacture continuously rolling sheets of steel. This process reduced the manufacturing time and cost of sheet steel. . . .
Ukrainian National Aid Association of America: The Ukrainian National Aid Association of America was one of the first Ukrainian mutual-benefit societies in Ohio. . . .
Ukrainian National Association: The Ukrainian National Association was one of the first Ukrainian mutual-benefit societies in Ohio. . . .
United Mine Workers of America: In 1890, miners unions affiliated with the Knights of Labor and the National Progressive Union united together to create the United Mine Workers of America. . . .
United Rubber Workers: In 1935, the rubber workers organized a union, which they named the United Rubber Workers (URW). . . .
United States Playing Card Company: The United States Playing Card Company was established in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1867. . . .
United States Shoe Corporation: The United States Shoe Corporation was formed in 1931, with the merger of two shoe manufacturers in Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Valentine Anti-Trust Act: In 1898, the Ohio government implemented the Valentine Anti-Trust Act. This piece of legislation resulted from a government investigation of Ohio's coal, insurance, railroad, and oil industries, among others. . . .
Van Schaik, Peter N.: Peter N. Van Schaik invented a propulsion backpack that allowed astronauts to maneuver in space outside of a space vehicle. . . .
Victoria's Secret: Victoria's Secret is the leading specialty retailer of lingerie, dominating the market with modern, fashion-inspired collections, celebrated supermodels, prestige fragrances and cosmetics, and world-famous runway shows. . . .
Vinyl: Vinyl is a type of plastic. Its scientific name is polyvinyl chloride. It is also known by the acronym PVC. First discovered in 1835, it took scientists over ninety years to find a use for this material. . . .
Voice of China: The Voice of China was a pro-China newsletter published in Cleveland, Ohio, during the late 1930s. . . .
Volwiler, Ernest H.: Ernest H. Volwiler invented Pentothal, an anesthetic used in surgery. . . .
Vulcan Tool Company: Several toolmakers founded the Vulcan Tool Company in Dayton, Ohio, in 1916. The following year, Lee Amos Jones purchased the company, which began to expand its operations during World War I and in the decades that followed. . . .
Wagner-Connery Act: On June 13, 1933, the United States Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). The NIRA was part of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal. . . .
Walker, William O.: Dr. William O. Walker was a prominent journalist, publisher and political leader in Cleveland, Ohio for much of the mid to late twentieth century. . . .
Ward Transfer Line: The Ward Transfer Line is the oldest, continuously-operating African-American business in the United States. William S. Ward founded the business in 1881 as a moving company. . . .
Warner Brothers: The Warner Brothers were exhibitors, distributors and producers of motion pictures. . . .
Warner, Albert: The Warner Brothers were exhibitors, distributors and producers of motion pictures. . . .
Warner, Harold M. "Harry": The Warner Brothers were exhibitors, distributors and producers of motion pictures. . . .
Warner, Jack: The Warner Brothers were exhibitors, distributors and producers of motion pictures. . . .
Warner, Sam: The Warner Brothers were exhibitors, distributors and producers of motion pictures. . . .
Washboard Music Festival: What has been called "Ohio's Most Unique Music Festival," the Washboard Music Festival, occurs annually in Logan, Ohio. This event has taken place every June on Father's Day weekend since 2000. . . .
Watson, David K.: David Kemper Watson was a prominent politician during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, who served as Ohio's Attorney General and who represented Ohio in the United States House of Representatives. . . .
Weathervane Playhouse: The Weathervane Playhouse is the oldest, continuing, professional summer stock theater company in Ohio. The Weathervane Playhouse has attracted actors and directors from across the United States. . . .
Wells, Bezaleel: Bezaleel Wells founded Steubenville on the ruins of Fort Steuben in 1797. . . .
Wendy's: Wendy's began on November 15, 1969, when the company's founder, Dave Thomas, opened his first restaurant. It was located at 257 East Broad Street, in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Wentworth, Ella: Ella Wentworth, a resident of Cincinnati, was a woman far ahead of her times. Wentworth began editing The Literary Journal in the city in 1853. . . .
Western Reserve & Northern Ohio Historical Society: On May 28, 1867, the predecessor to the Western Reserve Historical Society, the Western Reserve & Northern Ohio Historical Society, formed in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Western Reserve Historical Society: On May 28, 1867, the predecessor to the Western Reserve Historical Society, the Western Reserve & Northern Ohio Historical Society, formed in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Wexner, Leslie: Leslie Wexner is a prominent Ohio business executive who founded The Limited, Victoria's Secret, Bath & Body Works and numerous other leading retail establishments that cater to women. . . .
Whirligig: The toy that is now known as the Yo-Yo originally was known as the whirligig in the United States. The toy has probably existed for more than one thousand years. . . .
White Castle: Walter Anderson and Edgar Waldo "Billy" Ingram, Sr., formed the White Castle System of Eating Houses Corporation in Wichita, Kansas, in 1921. . . .
White Motor Company: Thomas H. White established the White Sewing Machine Company in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1876. The company was very successful in the late nineteenth century, ultimately becoming one of the most prosperous and well-known sewing machine manufacturers in the United States. Whites sons joined his business, and in 1901, the family decided to start building automobiles as well. . . .
White, George: George White was a prominent twentieth-century political leader who served as Ohio's Governor from 1931 to 1935. . . .
Whiteley, William N.: William Needham Whiteley was an important Ohio industrialist during the nineteenth century. . . .
Wickerham Inn: The Wickerham Inn is the oldest brick building in Adams County, Ohio and was one of the earliest taverns to exist in the Northwest Territory. . . .
William H. Zimmer Power Station: The William H. Zimmer Power Station was to be a nuclear power plant located near Moscow, Ohio, roughly thirty miles from Cincinnati, Ohio. The Cincinnati Gas & Electric Company, the Dayton Power & Light Company, and the Columbus and Southern Ohio Electric Company jointly own the plant. . . .
William Lafferty Memorial Funeral and Carriage Collection: The William Lafferty Memorial Funeral and Carriage Collection is a museum focused on the funeral profession. Established in 1994, the museum is located in West Union, Ohio. . . .
William Pierson Bowling Alley: William Pierson opened of the first African-American owned and operated bowling alley in the United States in 1940.The bowling alley was located in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Willys-Overland Company: In 1908, John North Willys purchased a portion of the Standard Wheel Company in Toledo, Ohio. In 1912, Willys renamed the company Willys-Overland Motor Company. The company struggled during its first two decades in business, including going bankrupt during the Great Depression. . . .
Winton Motor Carriage Company: Scottish immigrant Alexander Winton was a bicycle manufacturer in Cleveland, Ohio, in the late nineteenth century. By the mid-1890s, Winton became interested in designing an automobile. He built his first motorized vehicle in 1896. . . .
Winton, Alexander: Alexander Winton immigrated to the United States from Scotland in 1878. He was only twenty-two years old when he settled in Cleveland, Ohio, and began to manufacturer bicycles at the Winton Bicycle Company. . . .
WLW: Beginning in the 1920s, Cincinnati businessman Powel Crosley, Jr., ventured into radio broadcasting, establishing WLW, a Cincinnati radio station. . . .
Wobblies: The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), also commonly known as the "Wobblies," was a radical labor union formed in 1905. . . .
Women in the Industrial Workforce: Prior to the American Civil War, the vast majority of Ohioans earned their living by farming. Men worked in the fields, while women cared for the home. . . .
Woods, Granville T.: Granville T. Woods was an African-American inventor and was born on April 23, 1856, in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Wooster Rubber Company: The Wooster Rubber Company was founded in Wooster, Ohio, in 1920. The company originally manufactured toy balloons, but in the 1930s branched out into household products. . . .
Workmen's Compensation: The United States went through a rapid period of industrialization in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This industrialization contributed to economic growth and urbanization, among other things, but workers did not always benefit from the advances that were made. . . .
World's First Automobile Insurance Policy: The world's first automobile insurance policy was issued in Dayton, Ohio in 1897. . . .
World's First Doctor to Make House Calls in an Automobile: Dr. Carlos C. Booth commissioned the Fredonia Carriage and Manufacturing Company to build an automobile that Booth had designed. The company completed Booth's car, and the doctor proceeded to use the automobile to make house calls in Youngstown. . . .
Wright, Orville: Aviator Orville Wright was born on August 19, 1871, in Dayton, Ohio. His parents were Bishop Milton Wright and Susan Catharine Wright. Orville Wright was the Wrights' fourth child. He attended the local public schools with his siblings but never graduated from high school or attended college. . . .
Wright, Wilbur: Aviator Wilbur Wright was born on April 16, 1867, in Millville, Indiana. His parents were Bishop Milton Wright and Susan Catharine Wright. Wilbur Wright was the third of the Wrights' four children. When Wright was only a child, the family moved to Dayton, Ohio. He attended the local public schools with his siblings but never graduated from high school or attended college. . . .
Yo-Yo: The toy that is now known as the Yo-Yo has probably existed for more than one thousand years. . . .
Young Mens Mercantile Library Association: The Young Men's Mercantile Library Association began as an educational organization of forty-five young Cincinnati businessmen. The association began on April 18, 1835. . . .
Young, Thomas L.: Thomas Lowry Young served as Ohio's Governor for slightly less than one year, beginning in 1877, when he succeeded Rutherford B. Hayes, who resigned to become President of the United States. . . .
Youngstown, Ohio: Youngstown is the county seat of Mahoning County, Ohio. . . .
Zeppelins: Zeppelins were a type of airship, named for and invented by Ferdinand von Zeppelin. They are also known as blimps, airships, and dirigibles. These vessels used heated air to become airborne. . . .