World Wars

During the first five decades of the twentieth century, the United States of America became involved in two world wars. World War I lasted from 1914 until 1919, while World War II raged from 1939 to 1945. The United States did not formally become involved in World War I until 1917 and in World War II until 1941. Although delayed, American involvement in both conflicts helped turn the tide of victory to the allies of the United States.

Ohioans played important roles in each conflict. During World War I, a total of 200,293 draftees, volunteers, and Ohio National Guardsmen represented the state in the military. Not all Ohioans were in favor of the war. Numerous conscientious objectors refused to serve in the military, and other pacifists were vocal in their opposition. Despite these objections, most Ohioans viewed support of the war and the United States government as their patriotic duty. During World War II, approximately 839,000 Ohioans, roughly twelve percent of the state's entire population in 1940, served in the armed forces. Ohio civilians also actively participated in the war effort, joining in scrap drives and growing victory gardens. Thanks to the efforts of Ohioans and other Americans, the United States and its allies emerged from both World War I and World War II triumphant.

To learn more about these two important events in Ohio's history, please browse these entries at your leisure.

There are 191 entries matching this topic. They are listed below in alphabetical order.

African Americans: Numerous African Americans have resided in Ohio. Today, African-American Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Airco DH.4 Bomber: During World War I, the Airco DH.4 Bomber was the only plane built in the United States of America to be flown in battle. . . .
American Civil Liberties Union: The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is a non-governmental agency dedicated to the preservation of individual liberties guaranteed by United States Constitution's Bill of Rights and by the 13th, 14th, 15th and 19th Amendments to the Constitution. . . .
Americanization Committee: Governor James M. Cox originally created the Americanization Committee to promote American values and the teaching of the English language to immigrants who wanted to become American citizens. . . .
Americke Delnicke Listy (American Labor News): Americke Delnicke Listy, translated as American Labor News, was a Czech-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Ameripol: Ameripol made synthetic rubber production much more cost effective, helping Akron, Ohio, rubber companies, including B.F. Goodrich, Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, and Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, to meet the country's needs during World War II (1941-1945). . . .
Anti-German Sentiment: During World War I, the United States and its allies were fighting against Germany and its allies in Europe. As a result, anti-German sentiment developed in Ohio and across the nation during 1917 and 1918. . . .
Atomic Bomb: During World War II, scientists in Great Britain, Canada, and the United States worked to develop a bomb capable of ending the war swiftly. These scientists focused on nuclear fission as the means to create such a bomb. . . .
Austin Company: Carpenter Samuel Austin founded the Austin Company in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1878. Originally, the company focused on residential construction projects, but Austin soon began to branch out into design and construction of commercial buildings as well. . . .
B.F. Goodrich Company: Benjamin Franklin Goodrich helped make Akron, Ohio, the "Rubber Capital of the World" during the late 1800s. He became involved in the rubber industry in 1869, becoming the largest stockholder in the Hudson River Rubber Company in New York. . . .
Baby Boomers: "Baby boomers" is a nickname for people born between 1946 and 1964. . . .
Baker, Newton D.: Newton Diehl Baker was a prominent Democratic politician during the early 20th century. . . .
Battelle Memorial Institute: Battelle Memorial Institute was founded in 1923 with an endowment from the estate of Gordon Battelle. Located in Columbus, Ohio, the institute's mission is to develop practical applications for scientific research. . . .
Bethany Station, Ohio: In 1942, in the midst of World War II, the United States government contracted with the Crosley Broadcasting Corporation to build a radio station capable of broadcasting its message around the world. . . .
Bigelow, Herbert S.: Herbert Seely Bigelow was a prominent progressive politician in early twentieth century Ohio. . . .
Blimps: Zeppelins are a type of airship, named for and invented by Ferdinand von Zeppelin. They are also known as blimps, airships, and dirigibles. . . .
Bromfield, Louis: Louis Bromfield was a successful author and strong advocate of scientific agriculture and soil conservation. . . .
Bulkley, Robert J.: Robert Joearly Bulkley was a prominent Democratic politician in the early twentieth century. . . .
Burke-Wadsworth Act: In September 1940, the United States Congress passed the Burke-Wadsworth Act. . . .
Byelorussian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Byelorussian ancestors. Today, Byelorussian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Camp Sherman: When the United States entered the First World War in April 1917, the nation was not fully prepared for the war effort. As a result, the government scrambled to create a system for training troops. Camp Sherman, located near Chillicothe, Ohio, was one of the new training camps. . . .
Caniff, Milton: Milton Caniff was one of the best-known cartoonists in America for much of the twentieth century. . . .
Carpatho-Russian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Carpatho-Russian ancestors. . . .
Chillicothe, Ohio: Chillicothe is the county seat of Ross County. . . .
Christy, Howard C.: Howard Chandler Christy was a prominent American artist in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. . . .
Cincinnati Liars: In 1942, in the midst of World War II, the United States government contracted with the Crosley Broadcasting Corporation to build a radio station capable of broadcasting its message around the world. . . .
Cincinnati Milling Machine Company: The Cincinnati Milling Machine Company eventually became Milacron Inc., and it was the largest machine company in the world by the 1930s. . . .
Civil Rights Movement: Since the end of the American Civil War, African Americans have struggled to achieve equality. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ended slavery in the United States. . . .
Civilian Conservation Corps: On March 31, 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt created the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The CCC was part of Roosevelt's New Deal. Roosevelt hoped that his New Deal would allow Americans to cope with the Great Depression, would help end the current economic downturn, and would help prevent another depression from occurring in the future. . . .
Civilian Public Service Camps: When World War II erupted in Europe and Asia, the United States attempted to remain neutral in the conflict. As Germany and Japan expanded militarily, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt increasingly prepared the American people for war. . . .
Communism: Communism is a social, economic, and political ideology. Under a true communist system, all people are to be equal politically, economically, and socially. . . .
Conscientious Objectors: Throughout American history, there have always been Americans who refused to serve in the military during wartime. These Americans are commonly known as conscientious objectors. . . .
Cox, James M.: Ohio governor James Middleton Cox was born on March 31, 1870, in Butler County, Ohio. His parents were Gilbert and Eliza Cox. Cox spent his childhood on his parents farm. After attending the public schools, Cox briefly became a teacher. . . .
Crash of the USS Shenandoah: During World War I, the United States military first observed Germany's use of zeppelins, a type of airship. Once the war ended, the United States Navy determined that it would build three rigid airships. These airships would not be used to fight in future wars but instead would be able to scout enemy positions. . . .
Croatian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Croatian ancestors. Today, Croatian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Crosley Broadcasting Corporation: Beginning in the 1920s, Cincinnati businessman Powell Crosley, Jr., ventured into radio broadcasting, establishing WLW, a Cincinnati radio station. . . .
Czech Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Czech ancestors. Today, Czech Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Dana Holding Corporation: Based in Toledo, Ohio, Dana is a world leader in the supply of axles; driveshafts; and structural, sealing, and thermal management products; as well as genuine service parts. . . .
Dawes, Charles G.: Charles Gates Dawes was a prominent Republican politician during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. . . .
Demjanjuk, John: John Demjanjuk was accused of being the notorious concentration-camp guard "Ivan the Terrible" at Treblinka. . . .
Dennice Noveveku (Star of the New Era): Dennice Noveveku, translated as Star of the New Era, was a Czech-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Derby Downs: The Soap Box Derby had its origins during the 1930s. Children in Dayton, Ohio, manufactured their own cars. They would build these cars from discarded lumber and other items and then race the autos down hills in the community. . . .
Dirigibles: Zeppelins are a type of airship, named for and invented by Ferdinand von Zeppelin. They are also known as blimps, airships, and dirigibles. . . .
Dow Chemical Company: Herbert H. Dow founded the Dow Chemical Company in 1895 in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Dow, Herbert H.: Herbert H. Dow was a prominent scientist during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. . . .
Dutch Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Dutch ancestors. . . .
Eclipse Stove Company: The Eclipse Stove Company was the predecessor of the Tappan Stove Company. . . .
Edison, Thomas A.: Thomas Alva Edison was one of the greatest inventors of all of history. . . .
Eisenhower, Dwight D.: Dwight David Eisenhower was the thirty-fourth President of the United States. . . .
Electric Suction Sweeper Company: In 1908, James Murray Spangler founded the Electric Suction Sweeper Company -- predecessor of the Hoover Company -- in Canton, Ohio. . . .
Enola Gay: On August 6, 1945, the crew of the Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. . . .
Federated German American Relief for Expellees Organizing Committee: The Federated German American Relief for Expellees Organizing Committee, which became known as the German American Resettlement Services, Inc., was a German-American organization in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Fett, George L.: George Leonard Fett was a prominent cartoonist from Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
First Red Scare: As World War I was ending, a fear-driven, anti-communist movement known as the First Red Scare began to spread across the United States. . . .
Fisher Body Company: On July 23, 1908, Fred J. Fisher, Charles T. Fisher, and Albert Fisher formed the Fisher Body Company. The company intended to manufacture the bodies of automobiles for Ford Motor Company, Buick, and Cadillac, as well as several other companies. . . .
Flemming, Arthur S.: Arthur S. Flemming was Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare during the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. He was a 1927 graduate of Ohio Wesleyan University in Delaware, Ohio. . . .
Franklin College: In 1870, the Society of Friends, also known as the Quakers, established Wilmington College in Wilmington, Ohio. The institution was an outgrowth of Franklin College, an institution of higher education initially proposed for Tuppers Plains, Ohio. . . .
French Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from French ancestors. Today, French Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Fuji Society: Located in Cleveland, Ohio, the Fuji Society was a social organization of Japanese war brides. . . .
G.I. Bill of Rights: On June 22, 1944, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the Servicemen's Readjustment Act. This legislation is better known as the G.I. Bill of Rights. T . . .
Gable, Clark: Clark Gable was one of the great actors in the history of the motion picture in America. . . .
Gasmask: On October 13, 1914, Cleveland, Ohio, resident Garrett Augustus Morgan patented a gasmask. . . .
Gentile, Dominic S.: Ohioan Dominic (Don) Salvatore Gentile shot down more enemy planes in World War II than any other pilot from Ohio. . . .
German American Resettlement Services, Inc.: The Federated German American Relief for Expellees Organizing Committee, which became known as the German American Resettlement Services, Inc., was a German-American organization in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
German and Italian World War II Prisoners of War: During World War II, the United States military housed both German and Italian prisoners of war in Ohio. . . .
German Central Farm: The German Central Farm is a recreational center for German Ohioans in Parma, Ohio. . . .
German Central Organization: The German Central Organization is an important German-American social organization in the northeastern portion of Ohio. . . .
German Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from German ancestors. Today, German Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
German-American Alliance: During World War I, the United States fought against Germany and its allies. . . .
Gilligan, John J.: John Joyce Gilligan was Ohio's governor from 1971 to 1975. . . .
Gompers, Samuel: During the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, Samuel Gompers was a prominent labor activist in the United States of America. . . .
Goodyear Aerospace Corporation: In 1916, the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company purchased land near Akron, Ohio, to build a plant that could produce zeppelin aircraft. In 1917, the main Goodyear Company created a subsidiary known as the Goodyear Zeppelin Company to manufacture the zeppelins. . . .
Goodyear Aircraft Corporation: In 1916, the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company purchased land near Akron, Ohio, to build a plant that could produce zeppelin aircraft. In 1917, the main Goodyear Company created a subsidiary known as the Goodyear Zeppelin Company to manufacture the zeppelins. . . .
Goodyear Blimps: In 1916, the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company purchased land near Akron, Ohio, to build a plant that could produce zeppelin aircraft. In 1917, the main Goodyear Company created a subsidiary known as the Goodyear Zeppelin Company to manufacture the zeppelins. . . .
Goodyear Zeppelin Company: In 1916, the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company purchased land near Akron, Ohio to build a plant that could produce zeppelin aircraft. In 1917, the main Goodyear Company created a subsidiary known as the Goodyear Zeppelin Company to manufacture the zeppelins. . . .
Great Depression: The Great Depression took place after the Stock Market Crash in October 1929. During the late 1920s, the stock market in the United States boomed. Many Americans began to purchase stock, and the value of stocks dramatically increased in value. . . .
Great Migration: The Great Migration began in the 1910s and continued through World War II in the1940s. During this thirty year time period, hundreds of thousands of African Americans moved from the South to the North. . . .
Great Steel Strike of 1919: In 1919, workers represented by the American Federation of Labor went on strike against the United States Steel Corporation. . . .
Greek Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Greek ancestors. Today, Greek Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Greek Town, Ohio: Greek Town was an ethnic neighborhood in Cleveland, Ohio from the late nineteenth century to the mid twentieth century. . . .
Hall, Ernest C.: Ernest C. Hall was an important aviation figure during the 1910s, 1920s, and 1930s. . . .
Herbert, Thomas J.: Thomas J. Herbert served as Ohio's governor from 1947 to 1949. . . .
Herrick, Myron T.: Myron T. Herrick was Governor of Ohio from 1904 to 1906. . . .
Hiram College: The Disciples of Christ founded the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute in Hiram, Ohio, in 1850. Originally, the institute served as a preparatory school for students seeking advanced education. In 1867, the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute changed its name to Hiram College and received a new state charter that reflected the school's new focus. . . .
Hoover Company: In 1908, James Murray Spangler founded the Electric Suction Sweeper Company -- predecessor of the Hoover Company -- in Canton, Ohio. . . .
Hoover, Herbert C.: Herbert Clark Hoover was President of the United States from 1929 to 1933. . . .
Il Progresso Italiano in America: In 1903, Cleveland Italians established L'Italiano, the first Italian-language newspaper in Ohio. The paper eventually became known as Il Progresso Italiano in America and finally as La Voce Del Popolo Italiano in 1910. . . .
Influenza Epidemic of 1918: A deadly outbreak of Spanish Influenza, which reached epidemic proportions, spread from Europe to the United States and to Ohio in 1918. . . .
Japanese Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Japanese ancestors. Today, Japanese Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Jeeps: In 1908, John North Willys purchased a portion of the Standard Wheel Company in Toledo, Ohio. In 1912, Willys renamed the company Willys-Overland Motor Company. . . .
Jewish Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Jewish ancestors. Today, Jewish Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Kennedy, John F.: John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the thirty-fifth President of the United States. He was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts. . . .
King, Ernest J.: Ernest Joseph King was born on November 23, 1878, in Lorain, Ohio. He attended local schools and, as a youth, dreamed of attending the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. King received his wish in 1897. . . .
L'Araldo: L'Araldo, translated as The Herald, was an Italian-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
La Gauloise: La Gauloise was a social organization for French immigrants in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
La Voce Del Popolo Italiano: La Voce Del Popolo Italiano, translated as The Voice of the Italian People, was an Italian-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Lake Erie College: Lake Erie College formed in 1856 as a seminary for women in Painesville, Ohio. The institution, originally known as Lake Erie Female Seminary, first offered classes in 1859, with 137 students initially enrolling. . . .
Lake Erie Female Seminary: Lake Erie Female Seminary formed in 1856 as a seminary for women in Painesville, Ohio. The institution, now known as Lake Erie College, first offered classes in 1859, with 137 students initially enrolling. . . .
Lansdowne, Zachary: Ohioan Zachary Lansdowne was the commander of the USS Shenandoah. . . .
Latvian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Latvian ancestors. Today, Latvian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
LeMay, Curtis "Bombs Away LeMay, Iron Ass": Curtis LeMay was a prominent and controversial United States Air Force commander during the mid-twentieth centurty. . . .
Lemko Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Carpatho-Russian ancestors, including Lemko Ohioans. . . .
Liberty Loans: In order to pay for the American military effort during World War I, the United States government issued a series of loans known as Liberty Bonds. The federal government issued a total of five different liberty loans during the war. . . .
Manhattan Project: The Manhattan Project was the code name given to the efforts of the United States, Great Britain and Canada to develop the first atomic bomb during World War II. . . .
Martinek, Joseph: A native of Czechoslovakia, Joseph Martinek was a prominent resident of Cleveland, Ohio during the early twentieth century. . . .
McClelland, Helen G.: Ohioan Helen Grace McClelland was one of only three women to receive the Distinguished Service Cross, the United States of America's second highest combat award. She also received the British Royal Red Cross for her actions during World War I. . . .
McCook Field: Beginning in the 1910s, with World War I's outbreak, the United States government began investigating the use of airplanes in war. In 1913, President Woodrow Wilson created the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA). This committee suggested establishing a center to research the use of airplanes in the military and also to seek improvements in airplane technology. Due to the presence of several automobile and aircraft plants in Ohio, the NACA established this center at McCook Field in Dayton, Ohio. . . .
Milacron Incorporated: The Cincinnati Milling Machine Company eventually became Milacron Inc., and it was the largest machine company in the world by the 1930s. . . .
National Air Races: The National Air Races was an important competition in the early history of aviation. . . .
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People: The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in 1909. . . .
Nativism: Nativism is a reaction against immigrants. . . .
New Berlin, Ohio: Samuel Bachtel laid out the community of New Berlin in February 1831. The small village was located in Plain Township, Stark County. Many of the early settlers of New Berlin were Germans. The original plan included twenty-three lots. . . .
Nineteenth Amendment: The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution granted adult women the right to vote. . . .
North Canton, Ohio: North Canton was originally known as New Berlin. Samuel Bachtel laid out the community of New Berlin in February 1831. . . .
Norton, Fred: Lieutenant Fred Norton was from Columbus, Ohio. Like fellow Columbus resident Edward V. “Eddie” Rickenbacker, Norton served as a pilot during World War I. . . .
O'Neill, C. W.: C. William O'Neill was Ohio's fifty-ninth governor. . . .
Ohio Branch of the Council of National Defense: During World War I, the United States Congress established the Council of National Defense to manage the domestic aspects of the nations war effort. . . .
Ohio Defense Corps: The Ohio Defense Corps had its roots in the Ohio Militia, which was formed in 1803. . . .
Ohio Industrial Commission: During World War I, the United States Congress established the Council of National Defense to manage the domestic aspects of the nations war effort. . . .
Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb: In 1827, the Ohio legislature authorized the creation of the Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. The institution opened in 1829, in a rented house in Columbus, Ohio at the corner of Broad and High Streets. During the institution’s first year of existence, only one student enrolled. . . .
Ohio Military Reserve: The Ohio Military Reserve had its roots in the Ohio Militia, which was formed in 1803. At that time, every state within the United States had its own militia. . . .
Ohio Militia: The Ohio Militia was formed in 1803. At that time, every state within the United States had its own militia. . . .
Ohio National Guard: The Ohio National Guard had its roots in the Ohio Militia, which was formed in 1803. At that time, every state within the United States had its own militia. . . .
Ohio Naval Militia: The Ohio Naval Militia had its roots in the Ohio Militia, which was formed in 1803. . . .
Ohio Northern University: In 1871, Henry Solomon Lehr established Ohio Northern University in Ada, Ohio. Lehr had been teaching college-level courses in the community since 1866. He served as the town schoolmaster and taught these more difficult classes to interested people in the evenings. . . .
Ohio Valley Company: In 1881, W.J. Tappan formed the Ohio Valley Company, which manufactured cast iron stoves in Bellaire, Ohio. . . .
Ohio Wesleyan University: Ohio Wesleyan University received its charter from the state of Ohio in 1842. The first college classes were offered in 1844. The school was associated with the Methodist Church from the beginning. . . .
Over the Hill in October: Some Ohio soldiers drafted in October 1940 threatened to desert once the original twelve months of their service was up. Many of these men painted the letters "O," "H," "I," and "O" (OHIO) on the walls of their barracks. These letters were an acronym for "Over the hill in October," which meant that the men intended to desert upon the end of their twelve months of duty. . . .
Over-the-Rhine, Ohio: Over-the-Rhine is a Cincinnati, Ohio neighborhood located north of downtown. Approximately half of the neighborhood was incorporated into the city in 1802. . . .
Pacifists: Pacifists are people who are opposed to war for moral or religious reasons. . . .
Parachute: The United States Air Corps established a parachute development center at McCook Field in Dayton, Ohio. This center began operation in 1918, the second year of American involvement in World War I. . . .
Parachute with Ripcord: James Floyd Smith invented the first parachute to use a ripcord. His invention was the predecessor of the modern parachute. . . .
Pearl Harbor: Pearl Harbor is a United States Naval Station located in Hawaii. For most of the twentieth century, it was home to the United States Navy's Pacific Fleet. . . .
Plunkett, Roy J.: Roy J. Plunkett was born on June 26, 1910, in New Carlisle, Ohio. Plunkett received his bachelor's degree in chemistry from Manchester College in 1932 and his doctoral degree in chemistry from The Ohio State University in 1936. . . .
Railroads: As early as the mid 1820s, Ohio residents advocated the building of railroads to speed travel time and to make it easier to ship products. . . .
Rationing: During World War II, the United States government implemented a rationing program that limited the amount of specified scarce products that civilians were allowed to purchase. . . .
Ravenna Arsenal: During World War II, Ravenna, Ohio, was the site of the Ravenna Arsenal. Illustrating Ohio's important contributions to winning World War II, from 1942 to 1945 workers at the Ravenna Arsenal produced more weapons for the war effort than at any other plant in the United States. More than 14,000 Ohioans found employment here during World War II. . . .
Rickenbacker, Edward V.: Edward Vernon “Eddie” Rickenbacker was born in Columbus, Ohio, on October 8, 1890. His parents were Swiss immigrants to the United States. . . .
Roaring Twenties: Many people believe that the 1920s marked a new era in American history. The decade often is referred to as the "Roaring Twenties." . . .
Romanian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Romanian ancestors. Today, Romanian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Roosevelt, Franklin D.: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the nation's only four-term president, led the United States through two perilous crises, the Great Depression and World War II. . . .
Rosie the Riveter: During World War II, millions of American women assisted the war effort by working in various industries. Before the war's outbreak, twelve million American women found employment in factories. The number of women working in such positions during the conflict soared to nineteen million women. . . .
Rubbermaid: Rubbermaid, originally known as the Wooster Rubber Company, was founded in Wooster, Ohio, in 1920. The company originally manufactured toy balloons, but in the 1930s branched out into household products. . . .
Rudolph, Lucretia: Lucretia Rudolph married James A. Garfield in 1858 and became First Lady of the United States in 1881. . . .
Rusin Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Carpatho-Russian ancestors, including Rusin Ohioans. . . .
Russian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Russian ancestors. Today, Russian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Ruthenian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Carpatho-Russian ancestors, including Ruthenian Ohioans. . . .
Schlesinger Jr., Arthur M.: Arthur Meier Schlesinger, Jr.was a leading authority on the history of the united States. . . .
Scrap Drives: During World War II, the United States government encouraged the American people to participate in scrap drives. Citizens were asked to turn over to the government items that would prove to be useful in the war effort. . . .
Semon, Waldo: Waldo Semon was a prominent twentieth-century scientist and inventor. . . .
Serbian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Serbian ancestors. Today, Serbian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Servicemen's Readjustment Act: On June 22, 1944, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed into law the Servicemen's Readjustment Act. This legislation is better known as the G.I. Bill of Rights. The Servicemen's Readjustment Act provided government assistance to World War II veterans as they returned home upon the termination of their military service. . . .
Sherwood, Isaac: Isaac R. Sherwood was born in Stanford, New York, on August 13, 1835. After attending the local public schools, Sherwood attended the Hudson River Institute in Claverack, New York, and Antioch College in Ohio. . . .
Shopping Centers: As Americans moved from the cities to suburbs, business owners began to develop new retail establishments to attract suburbanites. These establishments were known as shopping centers. . . .
Slavic Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Slavic ancestors. Today, Slavic Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Slovak Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Slovak ancestors. Today, Slovak Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Slovene Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Slovene ancestors. Today, Slovene Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Smith, James F.: James Floyd Smith invented the first parachute to use a ripcord. His invention was the predecessor of the modern parachute. . . .
Spicer Company: Clarence Spicer started the Spicer Company in Plainfield, New Jersey, in 1904. In 1928, the company's headquarters was moved to Toledo, Ohio. In 1946, the company name changed to the Dana Corporation. . . .
Stauffer, George A.: George A. Stauffer was Ohio's fourteenth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . . .
Stibitz, George R.: George R. Stibitz is considered to be the father of the modern computer. . . .
Suburbs: Suburbs are neighborhoods near to but not located in the center of cities. . . .
Svoboda, Frank J.: A native of Czechoslovakia, Frank J. Svoboda was a prominent resident of Cleveland, Ohio during the early twentieth century. . . .
Synthetic Rubber: During World War II, the United States experienced a rubber shortage. While the United States had access to naturally occurring rubber in Africa and Central and South America, most rubber imported to the United States came from Asia. . . .
The Bug: Ohioans Charles F. Kettering, Orville Wright, William Chryst, Thomas Midgley, and John Sheats developed "The Bug," a pilot-less airplane and bomb, during World War I. . . .
Thomas, Norman: Norman Thomas was an American social worker, minister, author and longtime presidential candidate of the Socialist Party of America. . . .
Tibbets Jr., Paul W.: Paul Warfield Tibbets, Jr., was born on February 23, 1915, in Quincy, Illinois. He spent much of his youth in Florida, where he had his first experience flying at twelve years of age. As a teenager, he attended the Western Military Academy and then enrolled in the University of Florida, followed by the University of Cincinnati, where he pursued a medical degree. . . .
Timken Company: The Timken Company is an important employer in Canton, Ohio. . . .
Timken Roller Bearing and Axle Company: The Timken Company is an important employer in Canton, Ohio. . . .
Timken Roller Bearing Company: The Timken Company is an important employer in Canton, Ohio. . . .
Town and Country Shopping Center: Town and Country Shopping Center, which opened in 1956 in Columbus, may have been the first shopping center in the nation, although several other centers across the country claim to have been opened more than twenty years earlier. . . .
Treaty of Versailles (1919): The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I. The treaty dealt specifically with Germany, and the other defeated powers had to negotiate their own separate treaties. . . .
Trowel Fraternity: In 1946, universities and colleges across the United States experienced a surge in enrollment, as World War II veterans, utilizing their G.I. Bill benefits, attended school. . . .
Truman, Harry S.: Harry S. Truman was born on May 8, 1884, in Lamar, Missouri. He spent most of his youth in Independence, Missouri, where he attended the local public schools. Upon graduating from high school, Truman went to work to help support his parents and his siblings. . . .
Twenty-First Amendment: During the late 1800s, support for Prohibition-the outlawing of alcohol's manufacture, transportation, and consumption-gained tremendous support within the United States, including in Ohio. One of the leading organizations that called for Prohibition was the Anti-Saloon League. . . .
Uniform Traffic Code: On June 5, 1941, the Ohio government approved the state’s first uniform traffic code. This legislation established a standard speed limit of fifty miles per hour outside of all municipalities. . . .
University of Toledo: Originally nown as the Toledo University of Arts and Trades, the University of Toledo was incorporated in 1872 and offered its first classes in 1875. . . .
Veterans of Foreign Wars: In 1899, some veterans from the Spanish-American War and the Philippine Insurrection met in Columbus, Ohio, and formed the American Veterans of Foreign Service. This organization united several other veteran groups to create the Veterans of Foreign Wars in 1913. . . .
Victory Gardens: During World War I (1917-1918), the Food Administration encouraged the American people to grow their own food in war gardens. The gardens became known as victory gardens. . . .
Voice of America: In 1942, in the midst of World War II, the United States government contracted with the Crosley Broadcasting Corporation to build a radio station capable of broadcasting its message around the world. . . .
West Liberty, Ohio: West Liberty is a small community in Logan County, Ohio. . . .
Wilson, Thomas W.: Woodrow Wilson was President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. . . .
World War I: World War I began in Europe in August 1914. The origins of the war went back to the late nineteenth century, when European countries competed against each other to gain colonies and trade advantages in Africa and Asia. . . .
World War II: World War II formally began in September 1939, with Germany's invasion of Poland, although military aggression had taken place between various countries of the world for several years before that date. . . .
Wright Field: Wright Field, later renamed Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, was an early Army Air Corps facility that near Dayton, Ohio that opened in 1927. . . .
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Wright-Patterson Air Force Base is a major United States Air Force facility located near Dayton, Ohio, in Greene and Montgomery counties. . . .
Xavier University: In 1831, Bishop Edward Fenick established a college called the Athenaeum in Cincinnati. This school was the first Roman Catholic college founded in Ohio. . . .
Young Men's Christian Association: In June 1844, twelve men in London, England, established the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA). . . .
Young, Rodger W.: Ohioan, Rodger Wilton Young posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Pacific Theater of Operations during World War II. . . .
Yugoslavian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Yugoslavian ancestors. Today, Yugoslav Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Zeppelins: Zeppelins were a type of airship, named for and invented by Ferdinand von Zeppelin. They are also known as blimps, airships, and dirigibles. These vessels used heated air to become airborne. . . .