Government And Politics

There are 904 entries matching this topic. They are listed below in alphabetical order.

(Last Name Unknown), Poindexter: Poindexter was a slave owned by a Mr. Anderson in Kentucky. In 1854, Judge S.F. Norris in the Clermont County, Ohio Court of Common Pleas awarded Poindexter his freedom. . .
1913 Ohio Statewide Flood: The Flood of 1913 is known as the greatest natural disaster in Ohio history. At least 428 people died during the Flood of 1913, and more than twenty thousand homes were totally destroyed. . .
Abolitionists: Abolitionists were people who sought to end the institution of slavery. . .
Administrative Reorganization Code of 1921: Following World War I, many Americans, including numerous Ohioans, sought a more efficient and smaller government at the state and federal levels. The Administrative Reorganization Code of 1921 addressed these concerns by reordering the Ohio state government. . .
African Americans: Numerous African Americans have resided in Ohio. Today, African-American Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Agricultural Adjustment Act: In 1933, the United States Congress approved and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed into law the Agricultural Adjustment Act. This legislation was part of Roosevelt's New Deal program. Its intent was to reduce the number of crops that farmers produced and the number of livestock sent to slaughter. . .
Ake Law: During World War I, the United States fought against Germany and its allies. As a result, there was a significant amount of anti-German sentiment across the United States, including in Ohio. . .
Albanian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Albanian ancestors. Today, Albanian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Allen, Florence E.: Florence Ellinwood Allen was the first woman to serve as a justice on the Ohio Supreme Court. . .
Allen, William: William Allen was an important Ohio political leader in the mid to late Nineteenth Century. . .
Alma College: Alma College and its successor, Franklin College, were important educational institutions in Ohio during the nineteenth century. . .
American Anti-Slavery Society: The American Anti-Slavery Society was one of the most prominent abolitionist organizations in the United States of America during the early nineteenth century. . .
American Civil Liberties Union: The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is a non-governmental agency dedicated to the preservation of individual liberties guaranteed by United States Constitution's Bill of Rights and by the 13th, 14th, 15th and 19th Amendments to the Constitution. . .
American Civil War: The American Civil War is one of the greatest conflicts in American history. . .
American Party: The American Party, also known as the Know-Nothing Party, was a prominent United States political party during the late 1840s and the early 1850s. . .
Anderson, Charles: Ohio governor Charles Anderson was born near Louisville, Kentucky, on June 1, 1814. His father, Colonel Richard Clough Anderson, had fought in the American Revolution, serving as aide-de-camp to the Marquis de Lafayette. . .
Andrew Johnson's Impeachment: Andrew Johnson was the first President of the United States of America to be impeached. . .
Anti-German Sentiment: During World War I, the United States and its allies were fighting against Germany and its allies in Europe. As a result, anti-German sentiment developed in Ohio and across the nation during 1917 and 1918. . .
Anti-Saloon League of America: The Anti-Saloon League of America was one of the most prominent prohibition organizations in the United States of America in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . .
Antimason Party: The Antimason Party came into existence in 1827 purportedly to reclaim government from a secret organization known as the Masons. . .
Articles of Confederation: The Articles of Confederation was the earliest form of government of the newly independent British colonies. The United States Constitution replaced the Articles of Confederation. . .
Articles of Confederation (Transcript): Transcript of the Articles of Confederation of the United States of America . .
Ashley, James: James Ashley was a prominent political and business leader in Northwest Ohio in the mid-nineteenth century, . .
Atwater, Caleb: Caleb Atwater, one of Ohio's earliest historians and reformers, was born in North Adams, Massachusetts on Christmas day in 1778. He graduated from William's College in 1804 with a Master of Arts degree. . .
Austin, Elsie: Elsie Austin was an attorney and the first African American woman to receive a law degree from the University of Cincinnati. . .
Australian Ballot: During the late nineteenth century, Ohio elections were rife with corruption. It was very easy for candidates or their supporters to pay election officials to stuff voting boxes. In major cities, especially in Cincinnati, city bosses rigged elections in favor of one candidate over the others. . .
Austrian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Austrian ancestors. Today, Austrian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Baker v. Carr: The United States Supreme Court heard the Baker v. Carr case in 1962. In their ruling, the justices established the "one man, one vote" doctrine. . .
Baker, Newton D.: Newton Diehl Baker was a prominent Democratic politician during the early 20th century. . .
Baldwin, Michael: Michael Baldwin was an important political figure in the early history of Ohio. He served as the leader of the "Bloodhounds," a group of men who opposed the governor of the Northwest Territory, Arthur St. Clair. . .
Balkan Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Balkan ancestors. . .
Bank of the United States: The Bank of the United States was established in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1791. Its purpose was to provide the United States with a stable monetary system. . .
Banking Crisis of 1819: The Panic of 1819 and the accompanying Banking Crisis of 1819 were economic crises in the United States of America principally caused by the end of years of warfare between France and Great Britain. . .
Banking Holiday: In 1939, responding to events caused by the Great Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt declared a "banking holiday," ordering all banks in the United States closed until government audits declared them solvent. . .
Bartley, Mordecai: Mordecai Bartley was the eighteenth governor of Ohio. . .
Bartley, Thomas W.: Thomas W. Bartley was Governor of Ohio from April through December, 1844. . .
Bateham, Michael B.: Michael B. Bateham was Ohio's second Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . .
Bebb, William: William Bebb was Governor of Ohio from 1846 to 1849. . .
Benton, Lyman: Lyman Benton was a politician and abolitionist in Geauga County, Ohio. . .
Berry, Wilford: Wilford Berry was the first Ohioan executed following the reestablishment of the death penalty in the United States of America in 1981. . .
Betz, Adam: Chillicothe, Ohio resident Adam Betz spent nearly twenty years as the sergeant of arms of the Northwest Territory's legislature and then of the Ohio House of Representatives. . .
Bigelow, Herbert S.: Herbert Seely Bigelow was a prominent progressive politician in early twentieth century Ohio. . .
Bing Act of 1921: In 1921, the Ohio legislature enacted the Bing Act. This law required all children between six and eighteen years of age in the state of Ohio to attend school. . .
Birney, James: James Birney was an abolitionist, an opponent of slavery, in the years before the American Civil War. . .
Bisbee, Elizabeth: Elizabeth Bisbee was an early women's rights activist in Ohio. She established a newspaper, the Alliance, in Columbus before the American Civil War. . .
Bishop, Richard M.: Richard Moore Bishop was Governor of Ohio from 1878 to 1880. . .
Black Laws of 1807: The Ohio legislature passed a series of laws in 1807 to discourage African American migration to the state. . .
Blackwell, Kenneth: Kenneth Blackwell has been a prominent African American educator, political leader and elected official in Ohio in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. . .
Bleeding Kansas: Bleeding Kansas was a mini civil war between pro- and anti-slavery forces that occurred in Kansas from 1856 to 1865. . .
Blennerhassett, Harman: Harman Blennerhassett was involved in Aaron Burr's conspiracy against the United States of America in the early 1800s. . .
Bloomer, Amelia J.: Amelia Jenks Bloomer was a prominent women's rights advocate during the nineteenth century. . .
Blue Laws: Blue laws are laws that prohibit certain types of activities on Sundays. While these laws have existed throughout American history, most people associate them with the late 1800s and the early 1900s, when the Progressives were a powerful group, seeking to reform the United States socially, politically, and economically. . .
Bolton, Frances P.: Francis Bolton was the first woman from Ohio elected to the United States House of Representatives. . .
Bonham, Lazarus N.: Lazarus Noble Bonham was Ohio's eighth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . .
Bonus Law: Passed by the Ohio state legislature on February 23, 1816, the "Bonus Law" required banks in Ohio to obtain a charter from the state legislature in order to operate and to pay taxes to the state. . .
Bootlegging: Bootlegging refers to the illegal manufacture, transportation, or sale of alcohol. . .
Bosler, Anna F.: Anna F. Bosler was the first woman sheriff in Ohio. . .
Bosworth, Sala: Sala Bosworth was one of Ohio's earliest artists. He was born on September 15, 1805, in Halifax, Massachusetts. . .
Boys' Industrial School: In 1857, the Ohio government established the Ohio Reform School, the predecessor to the Boys' Industrial School. . .
Brannock Bill: Enacted by the Ohio Legislature in 1905, the Brannock Bill provided local communities with limited authority to control the sale of alcoholic beverages within their jurisdictions. . .
Breisch, Ernestine E.: Ernestine Elma (Breisch) Powell was born on February 16, 1906, in Moundsville, West Virginia. Soon after Breisch's birth, her family moved to Bloomsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1910, the Breisch family relocated to Martins Ferry, Ohio. . .
Bricker Amendment: Although never adopted, the Bricker Amendment would have reduced the president's ability to negotiate agreements with foreign powers without congressional approval. . .
Bricker, John W.: John William Bricker was Governor of Ohio from 1939 to 1945. . .
British Era: The British Era began with England's victory over France in the French and Indian War. The British acquired the Ohio Country through the Treaty of Paris (1763), although many of the Native Americans living in the area did not agree with the loss of French influence. . .
Britton, Nan: Nan P. Britton claimed that she had an affair with President Warren G. Harding, an Ohioan. She also claimed that Harding was the father of her daughter, Elizabeth Ann. . .
Brough, John: John Brough (pronounced "bruff") served as Ohio governor from 1864 to 1865. . .
Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954): Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas was one of the more important court cases in the history of civil rights in the United States. . .
Brown, Ethan A.: Ethan Allen Brown, Ohio's seventh governor, was born in Connecticut on July 4, 1776. As a young man, he trained for the law in Alexander Hamilton's law office in New York, passing the bar examination in 1802. . .
Brown, Jim: Jim Brown was a counterfeiter who took advantage of the economic situation in Ohio during the 1810s. . .
Brown, John W.: John William Brown was Ohio's fifty-eighth governor. . .
Brown, Katherine K.: Katherine Brown was a prominent Ohio Republican politician who served as advisor to John Bricker, James Rhodes, and Robert Taft. . .
Brumbaugh Act: The Brumbaugh Act of 1902 created a formal definition for high schools that set them apart from elementary schools. . .
Buchanan-Clark Bible Bill: In 1925 the Ohio General Assembly passed the Buchanan-Clark Bible Bill, whic required Ohio's public school teachers to read ten verses from the Bible to their students every school day. . .
Buchtel, John R.: John R. Buchtel was a prominent Ohio businessman and philanthropist in the late eighteenth century. . .
Bulkley, Robert J.: Robert Joearly Bulkley was a prominent Democratic politician in the early twentieth century. . .
Bull Moose Party: The Presidential Election of 1912 reflected both the important influence of Progressivism on American politics and the deep divisions that it could cause. . .
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands: The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands was to provide displaced persons of the South, including both whites and blacks, with assistance at the end of the American Civil War. . .
Burke-Wadsworth Act: In September 1940, the United States Congress passed the Burke-Wadsworth Act. . .
Burlington Jail: The Burlington Jail is the last standing government building in the city of Burlington, Ohio from when this community served as the Lawrence County seat. . .
Burnet, Jacob: Jacob Burnet was a political leader in Ohio in the first half of the nineteenth century. . .
Burr, Aaron: Aaron Burr was the third Vice President of the United States. . .
Burton, Harold H.: Harold Hitz Burton was born on June 22, 1888, in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts. In 1909, he received his undergraduate degree from Bowdoin College, where he had quarterbacked the football team. He then pursued a doctorate in law from Harvard University, graduating in 1912. He began to practice law in Cleveland, Ohio, that same year. . .
Burton, Theodore: Theodore Burton was a prominent Republican politician during the early twentieth century. . .
Bushnell, Asa: Asa Smith Bushnell was the fortieth governor of Ohio. He was born in Rome, New York, in 1834. . .
Byelorussian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Byelorussian ancestors. Today, Byelorussian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Byrd, Charles W.: Charles Willing Byrd was an early Ohio political leader and jurist. . .
Calvert, Thomas L.: Thomas Lawrence Calvert was Ohio's tenth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . .
Camp Anderson: Camp Anderson was located at Lancaster, Ohio, at the Fairfield County Fairgrounds during the American Civil War. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers. . .
Camp Chase: In 1861, Camp Chase was established in Columbus, Ohio, to replace Camp Jackson. Governor William Dennison had ordered Camp Jackson's creation as a meeting place for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . .
Camp Dennison: Camp Dennison was a Union Army training camp during the American Civil War. . .
Camp Goddard: Camp Goddard was located near Zanesville, Ohio. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . .
Camp Hamer: Located in West Union, Ohio, Camp Hamer was a recruitment and training center for soldiers during the American Civil War. . .
Camp Harrison: Camp Harrison was located near Cincinnati, Ohio. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . .
Camp Jackson: Camp Jackson was located near Columbus, Ohio. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . .
Camp Jefferson: Camp Jefferson was located at Bellaire, Ohio. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . .
Camp Putnam: Camp Putnam was located at Marietta, Ohio. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . .
Camp Scott: Camp Scott was located at Portland, Ohio. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . .
Camp Sherman: When the United States entered the First World War in April 1917, the nation was not fully prepared for the war effort. As a result, the government scrambled to create a system for training troops. Camp Sherman, located near Chillicothe, Ohio, was one of the new training camps. . .
Camp Taylor: Camp Taylor was located near Cleveland, Ohio. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . .
Camp Wool: Camp Wool was located at Athens, Ohio. Governor William Dennison ordered the establishment of the post as a training camp for Ohio volunteers during the American Civil War. . .
Campana, Mary Ann: In 1933, Campana set a world's record for remaining airborne the longest in a light airplane. She remained airborne for almost twelve and a half continuous hours, demonstrating that women could be skilled pilots. . .
Campbell, Alexander: Alexander Campbell was a physician, political leader and elected official in the early years of Ohio statehood. . .
Campbell, James E.: Ohio governor James Edwin Campbell was born in Middletown, Ohio, on July 7, 1843, to Andrew and Laura Reynolds Campbell. . .
Canal Lands: During the 1820s, the United States Congress gave the State of Ohio approximately one million acres of Congress Lands to facilitate the construction of canals in the state. This grant became known as the Canal Lands. . .
Canals: During the late 1810s, Governor Thomas Worthington and Governor Ethan Allen Brown both supported internal improvements, especially canals. Both men believed that Ohioans needed quick and easy access to the Ohio River and to Lake Erie if they were to profit financially. . .
Canton, Ohio: Canton is the county seat of Stark County. . .
Carpatho-Russian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Carpatho-Russian ancestors. . .
Carruthers, George N.: Ohioan George North Carruthers was a missionary during the American Civil War. He helped African Americans in the South to gain their freedom from slavery and to begin their lives as free people. . .
Case Sr., Leonard: Leonard Case, Sr., was a prominent resident of Cleveland, Ohio during the early nineteenth century. . .
Cass, Lewis: Lewis Cass was a prominent political leader in the early nineteenth century. . .
Celebrezze Sr., Anthony J.: Anthony Joseph Celebrezze, Sr., was a prominent Ohio politician, including mayor of Cleveland, during the twentieth century. . .
Celeron de Bienville's Expedition: In 1748, Comte de la Galissoniere, the highest-ranking French official in North America, ordered Celeron de Bienville (also spelled Celeron de Blainville) to take 250 French soldiers to the Ohio Country to renew old friendships with local Native Americans and to drive the English traders from the region. . .
Celeste, Richard F.: Richard F. Celeste served as Ohio's governor from January 10, 1983 to January 14, 1991. . .
Chamberlain, William I.: William Isaac Chamberlain was Ohio's seventh Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . .
Chase, Salmon P.: Salmon Portland Chase was an Ohio governor and prominent political leader during the mid nineteenth century. . .
Chenault, Marcus: On June 30, 1974, Marcus Chenault, a twenty-one year old, African-American man from Ohio, murdered Alberta Williams King. . .
Cherrington, Ernest: Ernest Cherrington was an educator, journalist and leader in the temperance and prohibition movement in America. . .
Chesnutt, Charles W.: Charles Waddell Chesnutt was an African American writer born on June 20, 1858, in Cleveland, Ohio. . .
Child Labor: The use of children as laborers in Ohio's agricultural and industrial occupations occurred from the very beginning of the state's history. Native American societies commonly relied on children to assist in hunting, the growing of crops, and other tasks. . .
Chillicothe, Ohio: Chillicothe is the county seat of Ross County. . .
Cincinnati Civil Disorders (2001): Beginning in early April, several incidents of civil disorder took place in Cincinnati, Ohio in 2001. . .
Cincinnati Courthouse Riot: Cincinnati is generally recognized as the conservative heart of Ohio. Yet, for three days in 1884, Queen City citizens transformed their city into a war zone of deadly magnitude. From March 28 through March 30, 1884 law enforcement officers and Ohio National Guardsmen engaged in intense street fighting with mobs of Cincinnati residents that left more than forty people dead and over one hundred injured. . .
Cincinnati Fire Department: On April 1, 1853, Cincinnati, Ohio, established the first professional and fully-paid fire department in the United States. . .
Cincinnati Independent Colored School System: While many African Americans preferred life in the North both before and after the American Civil War, they still faced racism. In Cincinnati, white racism towards African Americans resulted in the Cincinnati Independent Colored School System. . .
Cincinnati, Ohio: From modest beginnings, Cincinnati soon became the "Queen City of the West". . .
City Bosses: During the late 1800s, city bosses commonly assumed control over city governments. They did not gain power legally. . .
City Machines: During the late 1800s, city bosses commonly assumed control over city governments. . .
City Managers: During the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, to eliminate the power of city bosses, many municipalities established the position of city manager. . .
Civil Rights Movement: Since the end of the American Civil War, African Americans have struggled to achieve equality. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ended slavery in the United States. . .
Civil War Anti-War Protests: Like some residents of other Northern states, numerous Ohioans strenuously objected to the American Civil War. Various reasons existed for the reluctance of these Ohioans and their fellow Northerners to support the Union. . .
Civil Works Administration: On November 9, 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt announced the creation of the Civil Works Administration (CWA). The CWA was part of Roosevelt's New Deal. . .
Civilian Conservation Corps: On March 31, 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt created the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The CCC was part of Roosevelt's New Deal. Roosevelt hoped that his New Deal would allow Americans to cope with the Great Depression, would help end the current economic downturn, and would help prevent another depression from occurring in the future. . .
Civilian Public Service Camps: When World War II erupted in Europe and Asia, the United States attempted to remain neutral in the conflict. As Germany and Japan expanded militarily, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt increasingly prepared the American people for war. . .
Clark, George R.: George Rogers Clark was born near Charlottesville, Virginia, on November 19, 1752. He received little formal schooling, but in his late teens, Clark's grandfather taught him how to survey the land. In 1772, Clark put his training to use. . .
Clay, Henry: Henry Clay was an important political leader and public servant in nineteenth century America. . .
Cleveland Civil Disorders (1966 - 1968): In the mid 1960s, Cleveland, Ohio was the scene of several nationally prominent civil disturbances that were racially charged. . .
Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland was the first settlement founded in the Connecticut Western Reserve by the Connecticut Land Company. It was named after General Moses Cleaveland, an investor in the company who led the survey of its land within the Western Reserve. . .
Cleveland, Ohio's Default: In 1978, the Cleveland, Ohio, city government defaulted on 15.5 million dollars in short-term loans from local banks. . .
Cleveland, Ohio, Public Schools' Near-Bankruptcy: In 1978, the Cleveland, Ohio, Public School System nearly had to declare bankruptcy. . .
Cleveland, Ohio, School Voucher Program: In 1995, the Ohio state government implemented a controversial, school voucher program for students in the Cleveland Public Schools. . .
Cline, Genevieve R.: Genevieve Rose Cline was the first woman to serve as an appraiser of merchandise for the United States Custom Service the first woman to be appointed as a judge on the United States Customs Court. . .
Coffin, Levi: Coffin was born on October 28, 1798, in North Carolina. He was a member of the Society of Friends. Due to his religious beliefs, he became a strong opponent of African-American slavery. . .
Cold War: As World War II was ending, the Cold War began. This was to be a long lasting and continuing confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States, lasting from 1945 to 1989. . .
Coleman, Michael B.: Michael B. Coleman is the Mayor of Columbus, Ohio. . .
Collinwood School Fire: The Collinwood School Fire took place on March 4, 1908. Lakeview School was located in the Cleveland suburb of Collinwood. A fire began in the school's basement. . .
Communism: Communism is a social, economic, and political ideology. Under a true communist system, all people are to be equal politically, economically, and socially. . .
Communist Party: In 1919, the Communist Party of the United States of America was established. . .
Compromise of 1850: The Compromise of 1850 was one of several attempts by both the North and the South to settle differences over slavery's expansion. . .
Confederation Congress: The Confederation Congress was the legislative branch of government established by the Articles of Confederation of the newly independent United States of America. . .
Congress Lands: The Congress Lands were areas in the Northwest Territory held and sold directly by the United States in the years after the American Revolution. . .
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE): Founded in 1942, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) promoted the use of nonviolent tactics to help African Americans secure equal rights with whites. . .
Connecticut Land Company: The Connecticut Land Company consisted of a group of investors who bought a large part of the Western Reserve of Connecticut in the years after the American Revolution. . .
Connecticut Western Reserve: The Connecticut Western Reserve was an area in the Northwest Territory held, sold and distributed by the State of Connecticut in the years after the American Revolution. . .
Conscription Act: In 1863, the United States government implemented the Conscription Act, which was also known as the Enrollment Act. . .
Cooke, Jay: Jay Cooke was a prominent American banker and a principal financier of the Union military effort during the American Civil War. . .
Coolidge, Calvin: Calvin Coolidge succeeded Warren Harding as President of the United States upon Harding's death in 1923. . .
Cooper, Martha K.: Martha Kinney Cooper was the principal founder of the Ohioana Library. . .
Cooper, Myers Y.: Myers Young Cooper was the fifty-first governor of Ohio. . .
Copperheads: Copperheads or Peace Democrats were people who opposed the North's attempts to reunite the nation during the American Civil War. . .
Corning War: The "Corning War" illustrates the racial tensions that existed in southeastern Ohio during the late nineteenth century. . .
Corning, Ohio: Corning is a small community in Perry County, Ohio. . .
Corwin, Thomas: Thomas Corwin was a governor of Ohio and prominent American political leader in the years before the American Civil War. . .
Cowles, Betsy M.: Betsey Mix Cowles is known for her contributions to education and the women's rights movement in Ohio. She was also quite active in the struggle to abolish slavery. . .
Cox, George: George Cox was a prominent Republican politician during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. . .
Cox, Jacob D.: Jacob Dolson Cox served as Ohio governor from 1866 to 1868. . .
Cox, James M.: Ohio governor James Middleton Cox was born on March 31, 1870, in Butler County, Ohio. His parents were Gilbert and Eliza Cox. Cox spent his childhood on his parents farm. After attending the public schools, Cox briefly became a teacher. . .
Cox, Samuel S.: Samuel S. Cox was a prominent nineteenth century Ohio journalist and political leader. . .
Coxey's Army: In 1894, Massilon, Ohio resident, Jacob S. Coxey, formed group known as "Coxey's Army" that marched on Washington, D.C. to protest the federal government's failure to assist the American populace during the Panic of 1893. . .
Coxey, Jacob S.: Jacob Coxey was a prominent political figure and labor-rights advocate during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . .
Crabbe Act: Following the adoption of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919, the Ohio government implemented stringent measures to enforce Prohibition within the state's borders. One such law was the Crabbe Act. . .
Craig-Jones, Ellen W.: Ellen Walker Craig-Jones was an African American political figure and civic leader in twentieth century central Ohio. She was born on June 5, 1906, in Franklin County, Ohio. . .
Croatian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Croatian ancestors. Today, Croatian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Croghan, George: George Croghan was a prominent military leader during the early nineteenth century. . .
Cutler, Ephraim: Ephraim Cutler was an early Ohio political leader and educator. . .
Cutler, Manasseh: Although he did not spend that much time in the state, Manasseh Cutler was a major figure in the settling of Ohio in the years after the American Revolution. . .
Cuyahoga Valley National Park: During the 1960s and 1970s, urban expansion threatened rural areas in northeastern Ohio, especially between Cleveland and Akron. Facing pressure from local citizens and conservation groups to preserve the natural environment, the United States Congress and President Gerald Ford established the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area in 1974. . .
Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area: During the 1960s and 1970s, urban expansion threatened rural areas in northeastern Ohio, especially between Cleveland and Akron. Facing pressure from local citizens and conservation groups to preserve the natural environment, the United States Congress and President Gerald Ford established the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area in 1974. . .
Dahmer, Jeffrey: Jeffrey Dahmer was one of the most infamous serial killers in United States history. . .
Danish Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Danish ancestors. Today, Danish Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Darrow, Clarence S.: Clarence Seward Darrow was born on April 18, 1857, near Kinsman, Ohio. He attended local schools and eventually enrolled at the University of Michigan. . .
Daugherty, Chris: Chris Daugherty won the million dollar prize on the television show Survivor Vanuatu in 2004. . .
Daugherty, Harry M.: Harry Micajah Daugherty served as United States Attorney General during President Warren G. Harding's administration. . .
Davey, Martin L.: Martin L. Davey was Ohio's governor from 1935 to 1939. . .
Davidson, Jo Ann: Jo Ann Davidson was the first woman to hold position of Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives. . .
Davis, Harry L.: Harry Lyman Davis was Governor of Ohio from 1921 to 1923. . .
Dawes, Beman G.: Beman Gates Dawes was a prominent Republican politician and philanthropist during the early twentieth century. . .
Dawes, Charles G.: Charles Gates Dawes was a prominent Republican politician during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. . .
Day, William R.: William Rufus Day was a prominent jurist and Republican politician during the early twentieth century. . .
Dayton Peace Accords: The Dayton Peace Accords, negotiated at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio in 1995, paved the way toward ending years of ethnic warfare in Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Croatia. . .
de Bienville, Celeron: Celeron de Bienville was a French military leader and explorer of Ohio in the mid 1700's. His 1749 expedition to the Ohio Country is one of the more memorable of the era. . .
de La Salle, Rene R.: Rene Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle was a French explorer and the first European known to have seen the Ohio River. . .
Debs, Eugene V.: During the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, Eugene V. Debs was a leading advocate for socialism in the United States of America. . .
Delaware Indians: The Delaware Indians, also called the Lenape, originally lived along the Delaware River in New Jersey. They speak a form of the Algonquian language and are thus related to the Miami Indians, Ottawa Indians, and Shawnee Indians. . .
Demjanjuk, John: John Demjanjuk was accused of being the notorious concentration-camp guard "Ivan the Terrible" at Treblinka. . .
Democratic Party: The Democratic Party is one of the two major political parties in the United States of America today. . .
Democratic-Republican Party: The Democratic-Republican Party was one of the first two political parties in United States history. . .
Denman, Matthias: Matthias Denman was one of the founders of the settlement that became Cincinnati, Ohio. . .
DeRolph v. State of Ohio: In 1997 the Ohio Supreme Court, in the case of DeRolph v. State of Ohio, ruled that the state's system for funding public education was unconstitutional. . .
Devine, Samuel L.: Samuel Devine served on the Ohio Un-American Activities Committee in the 1950s. . .
DeWine, Mike: Mike DeWine is a prominent Republican politician who has represented Ohio in the United States Senate. . .
Dick, Charles W.: Charles William Frederick Dick was a prominent Republican politician during the early twentieth century. . .
Dinwiddie, Robert: Robert Dinwiddie was the royal lieutenant governor of Virginia from 1751 to 1758. He was born in Scotland in 1693. . .
Direct Primaries: Direct primaries are elections that enable voters chose for themselves who will represent their political party in the regular election. . .
DiSalle, Michael V.: Michael Vincent DiSalle was Ohio's sixtieth governor. . .
Ditcher, Jim: Jim Ditcher was a free African American. During the 1850s and 1860s, he lived in Ironton, Ohio, where he assisted runaway slaves in gaining their freedom. . .
Dohrman's Grant: During the American Revolution, Arnold Henry Dohrman (1749-1813) served as a representative of the Confederation Congress to Portugal. . .
Dohrman, Arnold H.: During the American Revolution, Arnold Henry Dohrman (1749-1813) served as a representative of the Confederation Congress to Portugal. . .
Donahey, Alvin V.: Alvin Victor Donahey was born on July 7, 1873, in West Chester, Ohio. Donahey preferred to be called "Vic." He attended public schools in West Chester and New Philadelphia. . .
Donahey, Gertrude W.: In 1970, Donahey became the first woman to be elected to a statewide office in Ohio when she won election as state treasurer. . .
Donalson, Israel: Israel Donalson was a representative to Ohio's first constitutional convention in 1802. . .
Donation Tract: After the Ohio Company of Associates purchased land in the Northwest Territory from the American government, the company began to organize that land for settlement. To encourage more settlement in the region, Congress also gave the company a grant of approximately 100,000 acres in 1792. . .
Douglas, Stephen: United States Senator and Presidential candidate Stephen Douglas was born on April 23, 1813, in Brandon, Vermont. His father trained him to be a cabinetmaker, but Douglas wanted to become an attorney. . .
Dow Law: Enacted by the Ohio legislature in 1886, the Dow Law permitted the Ohio government to tax and to regulate the trafficking of alcohol within the state. . .
Dred Scott v. Sandford: The court case Dred Scott v. Sandford fueled tensions between the North and the South that eventually led to the American Civil War. . .
Duer, William: William Duer was a political leader and real estate entrepreneur in the years of the American Revolution and the new nation. . .
Dunlap, Renick W.: Renick William Dunlap was Ohio's thirteenth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio Board of Agriculture. . .
Dunlavy, Francis: Francis Dunlavy was an early Ohio jurist and political leader. . .
Dunmore, John M.: John Murray, Lord Dunmore was a royal governor of Virginia in the years before the American Revolution. He was born in Scotland in 1732. He came from a noble family and was descended from royalty. In 1761, at the young age of twenty-nine years, . .
Dunn Bill: Pat Dunn, a state representative from Stark County, introduced the Dunn Bill to the Ohio legislature in 1939. Also known as House Bill 26, the Dunn Bill would have prohibited the state government from employing married women. . .
Dupree, William H.: Ohioan William H. Dupree served in the 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War and, following this conflict, became actively involved in securing equal rights for blacks with whites. . .
Dutch Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Dutch ancestors. . .
Ebenezer Zane Tracts: In 1796, the United States Congress granted Ebenezer Zane three tracts of land as partial payment for his completion of Zane's Trace. . .
Edmonds, Helen G.: Helen Gray Edmonds was the first African-American woman to earn a doctoral degree from The Ohio State University. . .
Eighteenth Amendment: The Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within the United States and its territories. . .
Eisenhower, Dwight D.: Dwight David Eisenhower was the thirty-fourth President of the United States. . .
Emancipation Proclamation: During the American Civil War, the Emancipation Proclamation made slavery's demise one of the North's principal war aims. . .
Embrey, Nora: Nora Embrey was the second woman sheriff in Ohio. . .
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act: On April 8, 1935, the United States Congress passed the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act. . .
Enabling Act of 1802: On April 30, 1802, President Thomas Jefferson signed the Enabling Act of 1802. This act called for the admittance of Ohio as soon as possible as a state within the United States of America. . .
Enrollment Act: In 1863, the United States government implemented the Conscription Act, which was also known as the Enrollment Act. . .
Ephraim Kimberly Tract: Ephraim (sometimes spelled Ephriam) Kimberly received three hundred acres of Congress Lands from the United States Congress for his service in the American Revolution. . .
Equal Rights Amendment: On March 22, 1972, the federal government sent the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the individual states for ratification. The ERA sought to make gender discrimination a violation of the United States Constitution. . .
Erie Canal: The Erie Canal was a 363-mile canal that connected the Atlantic Ocean, via the Hudson River in eastern New York, with Lake Erie. The Erie Canal provided the first waterway connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. . .
Estonian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Estonian ancestors. Today, Estonian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Fairbanks, Charles W.: Charles Warren Fairbanks was a prominent Republican politician during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. . .
Fall, Albert B.: Albert B. Fall served as Secretary of the Interior of the United States of America during President Warren G. Harding's administration. . .
Farmers' Alliances: In 1889, Charles W. Macune organized the National Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union. . .
Federal Emergency Relief Administration: On May 12, 1933, the United States Congress created the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). . .
Federal Housing Act: On June 28, 1934, the United States Congress passed the Federal Housing Act (FHA). . .
Federal Reserve Act: The Federal Reserve Act established twelve district banks. The fourth district, which included Ohio, was headquartered in Cleveland. . .
Federalist Party: The Federalist Party was one of the first two political parties in United States history. . .
Female Moral Reform Society: The Female Moral Reform Society was one of the first national organizations that enabled women to escape the private sphere and to play a role in the public life. . .
Fifteenth Amendment: As the American Civil War ended, the federal government was undecided as to how the seceded Confederate states were to return to the Union. President Abraham Lincoln favored a lenient policy and hoped to reunify the country quickly. . .
Fifty-Star U.S. Flag: Ohioan Robert G. Heft designed the fifty-star United States flag. . .
Findlay, James: James Findlay was an early Ohio military and political leader . .
Finnish Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Finnish ancestors. . .
First Presbyterian Church of West Union: The First Presbyterian Church is the oldest church building in Ohio that, as of this writing, is still used as a house of worship. . .
First Red Scare: As World War I was ending, a fear-driven, anti-communist movement known as the First Red Scare began to spread across the United States. . .
First Women's Rights Movement: In North America, the women's rights movement first gained momentum with the American Revolution. . .
Fleming, James W.: James W. Fleming was Ohio's sixth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . .
Flemming, Arthur S.: Arthur S. Flemming was Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare during the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. He was a 1927 graduate of Ohio Wesleyan University in Delaware, Ohio. . .
Foote, Allen R.: During the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, Ohioan Allen Ripley Foote sought to educate others about public finance issues. . .
Foraker, Joseph B.: Joseph Benson Foraker served as Ohio's Governor from 1886 to 1890. . .
Forbes, Charles: Charles Forbes served as Chairman of the Bureau of Veterans' Affairs during President Warren G. Harding's administration. . .
Ford, Seabury: Seabury Ford was the twentieth governor of Ohio. . .
Fort Gower Resolutions: The Fort Gower Resolutions were an expression of the increasing spirit of American independence as the American Revolution was about to begin. . .
Fort Harmar: The United States Army built Fort Harmar after the American Revolution. In 1784, the Congress created by the Articles of Confederation dispatched Colonel Josiah Harmar to the Ohio frontier to discourage illegal settlers or "squatters" from moving into Ohio. . .
Foster, Charles: Ohio governor Charles Foster was born on April 12, 1828. His father, Charles W. Foster opened a store in 1832 in the small community of Rome in Seneca County, Ohio. . .
Fourteenth Amendment: The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees people of all races equal protection under the law. . .
Franklin College (New Athens): Alma College and its successor, Franklin College, were important educational institutions in Ohio during the nineteenth century. . .
Franklin County: On March 30, 1803, the State of Ohio authorized the creation of Franklin County. The county originally was part of Ross County. The county was named in honor of Benjamin Franklin. . .
Franklin Museum of New Athens, Inc.: The Franklin Museum of New Athens, Inc., is a museum dedicated to preserving the history of Franklin College. . .
Free Fishing Days: In 1993, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources' Division of Wildlife implemented "Free Fishing Days." On specific days, this program allows Ohio residents to fish in any of Ohio's bodies of water without having to pay for a fishing license. . .
Free Silver: During the various financial panics of the late nineteenth century, numerous different interests brought pressure to bear on the federal government to back United States currency with silver as well as the traditional gold. . .
Free Soil Party: The Free Soil Party ran its first candidate for President of the United States in 1848. The party was formed after the Liberty Party came to an end following its poor showing in the election of 1844. . .
Freedmen's Bureau: The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands was to provide displaced persons of the South, including both whites and blacks, with assistance at the end of the American Civil War. . .
Freedom Summer: Freedom Summer was an important event in the Civil Rights Movement during the 1960s. . .
Freemasons: Freemasons belong to the one of the largest fraternal organizations in the world. Originally, the Freemasons were an organization for stonecutters, but during the 1600s, the Masons opened their doors to men of all social rankings. . .
French Grant: The French Grant was one of the many land divisions established in the late eighteenth century in what is now Ohio. . .
Friebolin Act: The Friebolin Act created a civil service system for the State of Ohio. . .
Frontier Education: There were limited educational opportunities in Ohio prior to statehood. Most parents educated their children at home, although there were a number of schools founded in towns and villages. . .
Fugitive Slave Law of 1850: The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 was part of the Compromise of 1850. This law required the United States government to actively assist slave owners in recapturing their runaway slaves. . .
Fusion Party: The Fusion Party was the original name for the Republican Party in Ohio. The Fusion Party was formed in 1854. . .
Future Outlook League: John O. Holly formed the Future Outlook League in 1935 to help African Americans find jobs in Cleveland, Ohio. . .
G.I. Bill of Rights: On June 22, 1944, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the Servicemen's Readjustment Act. This legislation is better known as the G.I. Bill of Rights. T . .
Gage, Frances D.: Frances Dana Gage was an influential participant in the abolitionist, temperance and women's rights movements in Ohio in the years before the American Civil War. . .
Galloway, Samuel: Samuel Galloway was a political leader and public servant from Ohio. He was born on March 20, 1811, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. . .
Garfield, James A.: James Abram Garfield was the twentieth President of the United States. . .
Garner, Margaret: Margaret Garner was a slave woman with a national reputation in the years before the American Civil War. In January 1856, she fled with her husband and four children (some sources say that she had six children) from her owner in Kentucky. . .
Garrison, William L.: William Lloyd Garrison was a prominent American advocate of the abolition of the institution of slavery. . .
Gayman, Benjamin F.: Benjamin Franklin Gayman was Ohio's twelfth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . .
Geddes, James: James Geddes was born on July 22, 1763, near Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He worked on his parents' farm and taught school for a few years before moving to Kentucky in the early 1780s. . .
Geghan Bill: The Gehan Bill was an early effort by the Ohio government to overcome nativist sentiment by many of the state's residents. . .
General Order No. 38: In April 1863, General Ambrose Burnside, commander of the Department of Ohio, issued General Order No. 38. . .
George, Henry: Henry George was a journalist, writer, and political economist in the United States in the nineteenth century. . .
German-American Alliance: During World War I, the United States fought against Germany and its allies. . .
Giddings, Joshua R.: Joshua Reed Giddings was an abolitionist. He spent most of his life in Ohio and represented the state in the United States House of Representatives. . .
Gilded Age: The Gilded Age began in 1877, following the conclusion of Reconstruction. It continued until the mid 1890s, with many historians contending that the era ended with the Panic of 1893. . .
Gilligan, John J.: John Joyce Gilligan was Ohio's governor from 1971 to 1975. . .
Gilman, Joseph: Joseph Gilman was an early jurist and political leader in the Northwest Territory in the years after the American Revolution. . .
Girls' Industrial Home: The Girls' Industrial Home was Ohio's correctional facility for minor women for much of the state's history. . .
Girty, Simon: Simon Girty was a notable frontiersman in the Ohio Country in the years before, during, and following the American Revolution. . .
Gladden, Washington: Washington Gladden was a prominent minister, local politician and social reformer in late-nineteenth-century and early-twentieth-century Ohio. . .
Glenville Shootout: The "Glenville shootout" was one of a series of racially-charged riots that occurred in Cleveland, Ohio during the 1960s. . .
Gnadenhutten Grant: Following the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, the federal government opened the Northwest Territory to settlement by white Americans. Numerous white Americans either purchased or received land from the Confederation Congress and then, beginning in 1789, the United States government. One such group to receive land was the Moravians. . .
Gompers, Samuel: During the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, Samuel Gompers was a prominent labor activist in the United States of America. . .
Goodrich House: Settlement houses were located in most major cities. Ohio had numerous settlement houses, including the Goodrich House in Cleveland. Mrs. Samuel Mather and several of her women friends established the Goodrich House to improve living conditions for immigrants and other people living in the inner cities. . .
Goshorn, Alfred T.: Alfred Traber Goshorn was a business and civic leader from Cincinnati Ohio who became well known as a planner of industrial expositions. He was born on July 15, 1833, in Cincinnati, Ohio. . .
Graham, John: Ohioan John Graham was an important social reformer during the first part of the nineteenth century. . .
Grant, Julia D.: Julia Dent Grant was a First Lady of the United States of America. Her husband was Ohioan Ulysses S. Grant. . .
Grant, Ulysses S.: Ulysses Simpson Grant was an American military leader and the eighteenth President of the United States. He was born Hiram Ulysses Grant on April 27, 1822, in Point Pleasant, Ohio. . .
Grave-robbing: During the 1800s, medical schools routinely stole recently-buried cadavers to demonstrate medical procedures to their students. . .
Great Depression: The Great Depression took place after the Stock Market Crash in October 1929. During the late 1920s, the stock market in the United States boomed. Many Americans began to purchase stock, and the value of stocks dramatically increased in value. . .
Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway System: Since the first French colonists settled in modern-day Canada, humans had attempted to improve navigation on the St. Lawrence Seaway and on the Great Lakes. . .
Great Railroad Strike of 1877: The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 began on July 17, 1877, in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Workers for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad went on strike, because the company had reduced workers' wages twice over the previous year. . .
Great Steel Strike of 1919: In 1919, workers represented by the American Federation of Labor went on strike against the United States Steel Corporation. . .
Greek Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Greek ancestors. Today, Greek Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Green, John P.: John Patterson Green introduced the legislation that established Labor Day in Ohio. He was born in 1845 in New Bern, North Carolina, to free African-American parents. . .
Green, Perry L.: Perry L. Green was Ohio's third Director of Agriculture. The Director of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio Department of Agriculture. . .
Greenback Labor Party: The Greenback Labor Party was formed in the years following the American Civil War. During the Civil War, the federal government issued "greenback" paper money to keep a sufficient amount of currency in circulation. . .
Greenwood, Miles: Industrial innovator Miles Greenwood was born on March 19, 1807, in Jersey City, New Jersey. In 1817, he moved with his father to Ohio, settling near Cincinnati. . .
Groesbeck, William: Ohio political leader William Groesbeck was born on July 24, 1815, in Kinderhook, New York. While he was still a baby, his family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio. . .
Grossman, Mary B.: Mary Belle Grossman served as a municipal court judge for thirty-six years and was one of the first two women to be admitted to the American Bar Association. . .
Guilford, Nathan: Nathan Guilford's greatest contribution to Ohio's history was his immense support for publicly funded education. . .
Gulf of Tonkin Incident: The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, in 1964, was a major turning point in United States military involvement in Vietnam. . .
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: The Gulf of Tonkin Incident occurred in August 1964. . .
Gulf War: The Gulf War was a short military conflict between Iraqi and United Nations forces during the first two months of 1991. . .
Halloween Riot: On October 31, 1952, a riot erupted at the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus. It became known as the “Halloween Riot,” as it began on Halloween. . .
Halstead, Murat: Murat Halstead was a nineteenth-century American journalist, editor and author. . .
Hamilton County: Hamilton County, Ohio, was established on January 2, 1790.. It was the second county formed in the Northwest Territory. Residents named the county in honor of Alexander Hamilton, who was the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States and a founder of the Federalist Party. . .
Hammond, Charles: Charles Hammond was an attorney, journalist and early Ohio political leader. . .
Hand, Edward: Edward Hand was an American military and political leader in the American Revolution and the early years of the new nation. . .
Hanks, Jarvis F.: Jarvis Frary Hanks was a prominent Ohio artist during the 1820s, 1830s, and 1840s. . .
Hanna, Marcus A.: Marcus Alonzo Hanna was a prominent politician and United States Senator from Ohio during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . .
Hardin, John: John Hardin was a soldier in the American Revolution and in the early years of the new nation. He was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, in 1753. . .
Harding, Warren G.: Warren Gamaliel Harding was born on November 2, 1865, in Corsica, Ohio. He spent most of his youth at nearby Caledonia, Ohio. Beginning in 1879, Harding attended Ohio Central College. Three years later, he and a friend purchased the Marion Star, a newspaper in Marion, Ohio. . .
Harmar, Josiah: Josiah Harmar was born on November 10, 1753, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although he attended a Quaker school, he did not share the religious beliefs of the Society of Friends. . .
Harmon, Judson: Ohio governor and United States Attorney General Judson Harmon was born in Newton, Ohio, on February 3, 1846. His father was a Baptist minister. Harmon attended Denison University and the Cincinnati Law School before setting up a practice in Cincinnati in 1869. . .
Harris, Andrew L.: Andrew L. Harris was Governor of Ohio from 1906 to 1909. . .
Harrison Land Act: In 1799, the legislature of the Northwest Territory selected William Henry Harrison to represent the territory in the United States House of Representatives. Upon taking his seat, Harrison immediately asked the House to assist in encouraging settlement of the Northwest Territory. . .
Harrison Land Act of 1800 (Transcript): Transcript of the Harrison Land Act of 1800 . .
Harrison Tomb: Prior to his death, President William Henry Harrison selected a knoll overlooking his home and the Ohio River for the site of his tomb, at North Bend, Ohio. . .
Harrison, Benjamin: President Benjamin Harrison was born on August 20, 1833, in North Bend, Ohio. His great-grandfather was John Cleves Symmes, and his grandfather was President William Henry Harrison. . .
Harrison, Caroline L.: Caroline Lavinia Scott Harrison was born on October 1, 1832, in Oxford, Ohio. Her father, John Witherspoon Scott, was a professor of science and math at Miami University in Oxford. . .
Harrison, William H.: William Henry Harrison was an American political and military leader and the ninth President of the United States. . .
Harvey, Elizabeth B.: Elizabeth Burgess Harvey was a Quaker and an abolitionist in Warren County, Ohio during the 1830s and 1840s. Along with her husband, Jesse Harvey, Elizabeth was also responsible for founding the community of Harveysburg, Ohio. . .
Harvey, Jesse: Jesse Harvey was an abolitionist in Warren County, Ohio during the 1830s and 1840s. He was responsible for founding the community of Harveysburg, Ohio. . .
Harvey, Thomas: Thomas Harvey was born on November 18, 1821, in New London, New Hampshire. In 1833, his family moved to Concord Township in Ohio. Unhappy with farming life, at the age of fifteen, Harvey left home and moved to Painesville. He took a job in a publisher's office, learning the publishing trade over the next six years. . .
Haven, James L.: James L. Haven was a resident of Cincinnati, Ohio. Little is known of his early life. He eventually formed James L. Haven & Co. in Cincinnati. . .
Hawke v. Smith: On June 1, 1920, the United States Supreme Court upheld Ohio's ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment over objections that the Ohio Constitution provided for a popular referendum on the issue. . .
Hay, John M.: Ohioan John Milton Hay was a prominent politician and author during the late nineteenth century. . .
Hayes, Rutherford B.: President Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born in Delaware, Ohio, on October 4, 1822. His parents had moved to Ohio from Vermont in 1817. . .
Heckewelder, John G.: John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder was a Moravian Missionary in the Ohio Country in the American Revolution and the early years of the new nation. . .
Heft, Robert G.: Ohioan Robert G. Heft designed the fifty-star United States flag. . .
Hendricks, Thomas A.: Vice-President Thomas Andrews Hendricks was born on September 7, 1819, near Zanesville, Ohio. In 1822, his family moved to Shelby County, Indiana. Thomas Hendricks never again resided in Ohio. . .
Henry, Robert C.: In 1966, Robert C. Henry became the first African American to serve as mayor of a city (Springfield) in the State of Ohio and in the United States of America. . .
Herbert, Thomas J.: Thomas J. Herbert served as Ohio's governor from 1947 to 1949. . .
Herrick, Myron T.: Myron T. Herrick was Governor of Ohio from 1904 to 1906. . .
Hessenmueller, Edward: Edward Hessenmueller was a prominent German American, who spent much of his life in Cleveland, Ohio. . .
Hibernian Guards: At the start of the American Civil War, both the North and the South had to rely on individual states to supply the armed forces with men and supplies. In the case of Ohio, Governor William Dennison turned to the Ohio militia to provide the federal government with necessary troops. . .
Hill, Alexander: Alexander Hill was once sheriff of Washington County, Ohio. He also was an important furniture maker during the early nineteenth century. . .
Hispanic Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are Hispanic or Latino. Today, these Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio: The Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio was founded in the nineteenth century to preserve and present the history of the State of Ohio. . .
Hoadly, George: George Hoadly was the thirty-sixth Governor of Ohio. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut, on July 31, 1826. . .
Hokolesqua: Cornstalk was a leader of the Shawnee Indians. He was born about 1720. His Indian name was variously pronounced as Hokolesqua, Colesqua and Keigh-tugh-qua and was freely translated to mean "blade of corn". . .
Hollister, Nancy P.: Nancy Putnam Hollister was Ohio's first female governor. . .
Home State Savings Bank's Failure: In March 1985, the Home State Savings Bank of Cincinnati collapsed, setting off a series of savings-and-loan closures in Ohio and across the United States of America. . .
Hoover, Herbert C.: Herbert Clark Hoover was President of the United States from 1929 to 1933. . .
Hoovervilles: Ohio was home to a number of Hoovervilles. The more famous ones in Ohio were located at Circleville and Cleveland. . .
Hough Riots: In Cleveland, Ohio in June 1966, a series of racially-charged riots occurred in the Hough neighborhood. . .
Howells, William D.: American author and journalist William Dean Howells was born on March 1, 1837, in Belmont County, Ohio. . .
Hubbard, William D.: William DeHart Hubbard was the first African American to win a gold medal in an individual competition in the Olympic Games. He was born on November 25, 1903, in Cincinnati, Ohio. . .
Hull's Road: During the War of 1812, General William Hull ordered the construction of a road connecting his troops at Detroit with supply bases located in Ohio. Hull's Road began in Dayton and passed through Urbana on to Detroit. . .
Hull, William: William Hull was a military and political leader in the Midwest in the years after the American Revolution. He was born in 1753 in Massachusetts. . .
Humphrey, George M.: George Magoffin Humphrey was born on March 8, 1890, in Cheboygan, Michigan. He graduated from the University of Michigan with a law degree in 1912, and he spent the next several years practicing law with his father in Saginaw, Michigan. . .
Hungarian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Hungarian ancestors. Today, Hungarian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Huntington, Samuel: Samuel Huntington was Ohio's third governor, serving from 1808 to 1810. . .
Hutchins, Thomas: Thomas Hutchins was an American surveyor, mapmaker and the first "geographer of the United States." . .
HwyH2O: During the 1950s, the Canadian and the United States government worked together to create the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway System. Construction began in September 1954 and was completed on July 4, 1958, although the first vessel did not traverse the entire seaway until April 1959. Queen Elizabeth II and President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally opened the seaway on June 26, 1959. . .
Indian Land Grants: The Indian Land Grants were a type of land division in the Northwest Territory. . .
Indiana Territory: The Indiana Territory at its greatest extent included modern-day Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan and part of Minnesota. It formerly was part of the Northwest Territory. . .
Initiative: Americans were becoming more and more concerned about corruption within the political process in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These concerns contributed to the growth of Progressivism, a major reform movement of this era. One reform instituted by Progressives in many states was the initiative. . .
Interstate Commerce Act: As a result of the failure of states to regulate railroads, the United States Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887. . .
Interstate Highway Act of 1956: In 1956, the United States government implemented the Interstate Highway Act. This legislation provided twenty-six billion dollars to build interstate highways, linking the United States' major cities. . .
Isaac Zane Tract: Isaac Zane received three square miles of Congress Lands from the federal government for his contributions during the various Indian conflicts that occurred in the Northwest Territory during the early 1790s. . .
Italian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Italian ancestors. Today, Italian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Jackson, Andrew: Andrew Jackson was an American military and political leader and the seventh President of the United States. He was born on March 15, 1767, at Waxhaw, South Carolina. . .
James W. Shocknessy Ohio Turnpike: In 1949, the Ohio government established the Ohio Turnpike Commission. This office was to finance and construct a turnpike that crossed northern Ohio. . .
Jefferson, Thomas: Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States. . .
Jewett, Hugh: Hugh Jewett was a prominent attorney, politician and business leader in nineteenth century Ohio. . .
Johnson, Andrew: Andrew Johnson was the seventeenth President of the United States. . .
Johnson, Lyndon B.: Lyndon Baines Johnson was President of the United States of America from 1963 to 1969. . .
Johnson, Richard M.: Richard Mentor Johnson was a military and political figure in the American Midwest in the early years of the new nation. He was born in Kentucky on October 17, 1781. . .
Johnson, Tom L.: Tom Loftin Johnson was Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, in the early twentieth century, . .
Johnston, John: John Johnston (also spelled Johnson) was an Indian Agent in Ohio in the early years of the new state. He was born in 1775 in Ireland. While he was a young child, his family moved to Pennsylvania. . .
Jones, Samuel M.: Samuel M. Jones was born on August 3, 1846, in Wales. His family immigrated to the United States in 1849. . .
K'ung, Hsiang-his: K'ung Hsiang-his, also known as H.H. Kung, was born in the Shanxi Province of China in 1881. As a teenager, he attended schools run by missionaries from Oberlin College in Taigu, China. . .
Kansas-Nebraska Act: The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed in 1854 by the United States Congress to deal with the opening of the central Midwest to continuing American settlement. . .
Kasich, John R.: John Kasich has been an elected official, political leader, author, educator and television personality. . .
Kaskaskia Indians: The Kaskaskia Indians lived mainly in Illinois and eastern Missouri when Europeans began to settle in North America. They were closely related to the Miami Indians. . .
Kaukonen, Amy A.: Amy Kaukonen was the first woman elected mayor of a community in Ohio. She also was one of the first women elected mayor in the entire United States. . .
Keifer, Joseph W.: Joseph Warren Keifer was a prominent nineteenth century Ohio political and military leader. . .
Kelley Bank Bill of 1845: The Kelley Bank Bill resulted from the Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States and the Panic of 1837. In 1832, Jackson ordered the withdrawal of federal government funds, approximately ten million dollars, from the Bank of the United States. . .
Kelley, Alfred: Alfred Kelley was born in Middlefield, Connecticut, on November 7, 1789, and then moved with his family to Lowville, New York, at the age of ten. He trained as a lawyer under New York Supreme Court justice Jonas Platt beginning in 1807. . .
Kennedy, John F.: John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the thirty-fifth President of the United States. He was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts. . .
Kilbourne, James: James Kilbourne was the founder of Worthington, Ohio and a surveyor, merchant and political leader in the early years of Ohio statehood. . .
Kindergartens: Although most American children go to kindergartens today, that was not always the case. In the nineteenth century, primary schools in the United States began with the first grade. Kindergartens did not become common until the twentieth century, although there were a small number of kindergartens in the United States in the nineteenth century. . .
Kingsbury, James: James Kingsbury was the first permanent white settler of the Connecticut Western Reserve. . .
Kirker, Thomas: Thomas Kirker was an early governor of Ohio and political leader. . .
Kirtland, Jared: Jared Kirtland was born on November 10, 1793, in Wallingford, Connecticut. His father was a representative of the Connecticut Land Company and moved to Poland, Ohio, in 1803. . .
Knights of Labor: The Knights of Labor was a labor organization established in 1869. It served as an umbrella organization for other unions that joined it. . .
Know-Nothing Party: The Know-Nothing Party, also known as the American Party, was a prominent United States political party during the late 1840s and the early 1850s. . .
Knowlton, Ephraim: Ephraim Knowlton was born in 1803. He came to the Cincinnati area in the early 1820s to supervise workmen on the Miami and Erie Canal. Knowlton founded the town of Cumminsville, named for David Cummins, one of the community's earliest residents. . .
Korean War: The Korean War was one of several military conflicts that occurred during the Cold War, as the United States and its allies attempted to stop the spread of communism. . .
Ku Klux Klan: During the late 1860s, some Southern veterans of the defeated Confederacy created the Ku Klux Klan. This organization's original goal was to deny African Americans the same rights and opportunities as white people in the South. . .
Labor Day: Labor Day is an American holiday that celebrates workers and provides them with a day of rest. Americans observe the holiday on the first Monday of each September. . .
Lakes, Rivers and Canals: Ohio's streams flow into Lake Erie to the north, and the Ohio River to the south and southeast. There are more than 400 miles of waterways along Ohio's southern border that can be used by commercial boats. . .
Land Act of 1804: The United States Congress passed the Land Act of 1804 to create terms for the sale of federal lands in Ohio. This act replaced the Harrison Land Act of 1800, which applied to federal land in the Northwest Territory. . .
Land Act of 1820: During the early 1800s, many Ohioans purchased land on credit. During the War of 1812 and afterwards, farmers bought many acres of land from the federal government. This land had been part of the Congress Lands, set aside by the national government as it organized the Northwest Territory. It was not difficult for Ohioans to make payments on their loans as long as the economy remained strong, but by the late 1810s the state was in the midst of severe economic problems. . .
Land Between the Miamis: As the Northwest Territory was organized in the late 1700s, the federal government sold large portions of land to private companies and individuals. The purchasers included the Ohio Company of Associates, the Scioto Company, and land speculator John Cleves Symmes. . .
Land Grants and Sales: Ohio lands were surveyed and sold by the federal government, private individuals, and by the states of Virginia and Connecticut. Since parts of the state were surveyed at different times, Ohio was divided into areas called survey "districts" or "land grants." . .
Land Ordinance of 1785: In the Treaty of Paris (1783), which formally ended the American Revolution, England relinquished the Ohio Country to America. Despite this, the Confederation Congress faced numerous problems gaining control of the land. . .
Langston, John M.: John Mercer Langston was the first African-American man to pass Ohio's bar exam. He also was an outspoken advocate of equal rights for African Americans with whites. . .
Latino Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are Hispanic or Latino. Today, these Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Latrobe, Benjamin H.: Benjamin Latrobe was a prominent nineteenth-century American architect and engineer. . .
Lausche, Frank J.: Frank John Lausche was Ohio's only five-term governor. . .
League for the Preservation of Citizens' Rights: The "League for the Preservation of Citizens' Rights" organized to protest the Dow Law during 1888 and 1889. . .
League of Women Voters: The League of Women Voters was founded in 1920 to encourage participation in the political process and to educate voters about political issues and candidates. . .
Leggett, Mortimer: Mortimer Leggett was an attorney, educator and military leader in nineteenth century Ohio. . .
LeMay, Curtis "Bombs Away LeMay, Iron Ass": Curtis LeMay was a prominent and controversial United States Air Force commander during the mid-twentieth centurty. . .
Lemko Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Carpatho-Russian ancestors, including Lemko Ohioans. . .
Lewis, Samuel: The Ohio legislature appointed Samuel Lewis as Ohio Superintendent of Common Schools in 1838. His chief purpose as superintendent was to help the Ohio legislature establish standards that teachers and public school districts needed to meet to insure that students received a quality education. He also played an important role in determining how Ohio should fund its public schools. . .
Liberty Loans: In order to pay for the American military effort during World War I, the United States government issued a series of loans known as Liberty Bonds. The federal government issued a total of five different liberty loans during the war. . .
Liberty Party: Abolitionists formed the Liberty Party during the 1830s. In the early 1800's, the American anti-slavery Society was a major abolitionist organization in the United States. In 1839, the Society split. . .
Lilienthal, Max: Max Lilienthal was born on November 6, 1815, in Munich, Germany. He earned his Ph.D. at the University of Munich in 1837, and he accepted an appointment as principal of a Jewish school in Riga, Russia, in 1839. . .
Lincoln, Abraham: Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth President of the United States. . .
Lithuanian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Lithuanian ancestors. Today, Lithuanian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Little Steel Strike of 1937: The Little Steel Strike of 1937 pitted steelworkers, represented by the Congress of Industrial Organizations, against smaller steel manufacturing companies, such as the Republic Steel Company, the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, collectively known as Little Steel. . .
Locke, John: John Locke was born on February 19, 1792, in Fryeburg, Massachusetts (now Maine). In 1819, Locke graduated from Yale Medical School and briefly served as an assistant surgeon in the United States Navy. . .
Logan, James: James Logan was a public servant and political leader in colonial Pennsylvania. He was born in Ireland in 1674. Logan was descended from Scottish royalty, and his parents made certain that their son was well educated. . .
Longworth IV, Nicholas: Nicholas Longworth was born on November 5, 1869, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was the great-grandson of Nicholas Longworth, one of the wealthiest men in the United States by 1850 and a leading horticulturalist. . .
Looker, Othniel: Othniel Looker was the fifth governor of Ohio and the only governor of Ohio who actually fought in the American Revolution. . .
Lucas, Robert: Robert Lucas was born in Shepherdstown, Virginia (modern-day West Virginia), on April 1, 1781. Not much is known about Lucas's early life, other than the fact that he received some training as a surveyor. . .
Lucasville Prison Riot: On April 11, 1993, Easter Sunday, approximately 450 prisoners in Cellblock L of the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility, in Lucasville, Ohio, rioted. . .
Ludlow, Israel: During the 1780s and 1790s, Israel Ludlow was a surveyor and town planner in the Northwest Territory. . .
Lundy, Benjamin: Benjamin Lundy was an abolitionist opponent of slavery in the years before the American Civil War. . .
Macedonian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Macedonian ancestors. Today, Macedonian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Madison, James: James Madison was the fourth President of the United States. . .
Magee, Elizabeth: In 1920, a sufficient number of states ratified the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. This amendment granted women the right to vote. This amendment marked a dramatic improvement for women and their rights, however, efforts to improve women's rights did not just center on the right to vote. . .
Mandatory Safety Belt Usage Law: During the early 1980s, a movement arose in Ohio to make seatbelt usage mandatory in the state. . .
Manhattan Project: The Manhattan Project was the code name given to the efforts of the United States, Great Britain and Canada to develop the first atomic bomb during World War II. . .
Manifest Destiny: In 1845, John L. O'Sullivan, a newspaper reporter in New York City, coined the phrase "manifest destiny." O'Sullivan claimed that it was the God-given destiny of the United States of America to spread over North America. . .
Mann, Horace: Horace Mann was born on May 4, 1796, in Franklin, Massachusetts. He graduated from Brown University in 1819 and proceeded to study the law. . .
Massie, Nathaniel: Nathaniel Massie was a surveyor and land developer who helped to organize the Virginia Military District in Ohio in the years after the American Revolution. . .
Mather, William W.: William Williams Mather was Ohio's third Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . .
Matthews, Stanley: Stanley Matthews was born on July 21, 1824, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He attended public schools in Cincinnati, before enrolling in Kenyon College. Matthews graduated from Kenyon in 1840 and began to study the law. . .
Maumee Road Lands: In 1823, the United States Congress gave the State of Ohio approximately sixty thousand acres of Congress Lands. This grant became known as the Maumee Road Lands. . .
Maxwell's Code: Maxwell's Code was the first comprehensive criminal and civil legal code for the Northwest Territory. . .
McArthur, Duncan: Duncan McArthur, Ohio's eleventh governor, was born in New York on January 14, 1772. . .
McBride, John: John McBride was born in Ohio in 1854. His father was a mineworker. McBride followed in his father's footsteps, but he is best remembered for fighting for the rights of the workingman. . .
McCarthy, Joseph R.: Joseph Raymond McCarthy was a United States Senator from Wisconsin during the 1940s and 1950s. . .
McClellan, George B.: George B. McClellan was a prominent nineteenth century American military and political leader. . .
McCulloch v. Maryland: McCulloch v. Maryland was a landmark legal case in which the United States Supreme Court invoked the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution to support the conclusion that the federal government's power extends beyond the powers specifically listed in the Constitution. . .
McElroy, Neil H.: Ohioan, Neil Hosler McElroy served as United States Secretary of Defense under President Dwight Eisenhower during the 1950s. . .
McKinley Jr., William: Ohioan William McKinley, Jr., was President of the United States of America from 1897 to 1901. . .
McKinley National Memorial: To honor William McKinley, schoolchildren from across the United States donated money to build the McKinley National Memorial in Canton. The McKinley Memorial Association, formed after the president's death, helped raise the funds. . .
McKinley Tariff: In 1890, William McKinley, a member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio, introduced a tariff bill, which became known as the McKinley Tariff. . .
McLean, John: John McLean was a an attorney, political leader and Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. . .
McLean, John R.: John R. McLean was born on September 17, 1848, in Cincinnati, Ohio. The same year that McLean was born, his father, Washington McLean, acquired the Cincinnati Enquirer, a local newspaper. . .
Medary, Samuel: Samuel Medary was a nineteenth century Ohio journalist and political leader. . .
Medill, William: William Medill was the twenty-second Governor of Ohio. . .
Meigs, Jr, Return J.: Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr. was a legislator, jurist and the fourth Governor of Ohio. . .
Metzenbaum, Howard M.: Howard Morton Metzenbaum was a prominent United States Representative and Senator from Ohio during the late twentieth century. . .
Mexican War: The Mexican War was a major conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848. . .
Miami and Erie Canal: The Miami and Erie Canal was one of Ohio's most important canals during the mid nineteenth century. . .
Miami Conservancy District: The state of Ohio passed the Vonderheide Act, also known as the Ohio Conservancy Law, after the Flood of 1913. This flood was the greatest natural disaster in Ohio history. . .
Miami Exporting Company: The Miami Exporting Company was the first bank chartered in Ohio by the state legislature. It was located in Cincinnati and received its charter in 1803. . .
Miami Indians: The Miami Indians originally lived in Indiana, Illinois, and southern Michigan at the time of European arrival. The Miamis moved into the Maumee Valley around 1700, and they soon became one of the most powerful Indian tribes in Ohio. . .
Miami Purchase: The Miami Purchase was an early land division in the region of what would become Ohio. . .
Michigan Survey: The Michigan Survey helped escalate tensions between Ohio and the Michigan Territory over the two geographic regions' mutual boundary. . .
Miller, Thomas: Thomas Miller served as chairman of the Office of Alien Property during President Warren G. Harding's administration. . .
Miller, Wells W.: Wells W. Miller was Ohio's ninth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . .
Mingo Indians: The Mingo Indians were a small group of Native Americans related to the Iroquois Indians. They are sometimes called the Ohio Seneca Indians. By 1750, the Mingos had left the Iroquois homeland in the state of New York and migrated to the Ohio Country. . .
Missouri Compromise: The Missouri Compromise of 1820 maintained the balance among states favoring and opposed to slavery in the Congress of the United States. . .
Mitchell, Sophia: Sophia Mitchell was the first African-American woman to serve as a mayor in Ohio. . .
Moerlein, Christian: Christian Moerlein was born in Truppack, Bavaria, in 1818. He immigrated to the United States in 1841, eventually settling in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1842. In 1853, Moerlein established a brewery in Over-the-Rhine, a predominantly German neighborhood in Cincinnati. . .
Monopoly: During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, businesses aspired to form monopolies. To have a monopoly, a business would be the sole manufacturer of a product or be able to dominate a particular industry because it could produce so much more of a product than its competitors. . .
Montenegrin Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Montenegrin ancestors. . .
Montgomery, Betty D.: Betty D. Montgomery was a prominent Ohio politician during the late twentieth and the early twenty-first centuries. . .
Moravian Grant: Following the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, the federal government opened the Northwest Territory to settlement by white Americans. Numerous white Americans either purchased or received land from the Confederation Congress and then, beginning in 1789, the United States government. One such group to receive land was the Moravians. . .
Morgan, Arthur E.: Arthur Ernest Morgan was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1878. Soon after his birth, the Morgan family moved to St. Cloud, Minnesota, where Morgan grew up. . .
Morgan, Marabel: Marabel Morgan was a bestselling author and an anti-feminist during the 1970s. . .
Morrill Act: In 1862, the United States government approved the Morrill Act. Vermont Congressman Justin Morrill had first introduced this legislation in 1857, but the United States Congress did not pass it until five years later. . .
Morrow, Jeremiah: Jeremiah Morrow was a legislator, political leader and the ninth Governor of Ohio. . .
Mort, Paul R.: Paul R. Mort was born in 1894 in Elsie, Michigan. He graduated from Indiana University in 1916, and he spent the next six years teaching in Indiana and in Arizona. In 1922, he enrolled in Columbia University to earn his Masters degree. . .
Mother's Pension Law: In 1913, the Ohio state legislature enacted a number of important Progressive reforms, including a Mother's Pension Law. . .
Motts Military Museum: In 1987, Warren E. Motts established Motts Military Museum in Groveport, Ohio. Originally housed in Motts's home the museum moved to a much larger building in Groveport in 1999. . .
Muckrakers: Muckrakers were a group of writers during the Progressive era who tried to expose the problems that existed in American society.. . .
Municipal Home Rule: Americans became interested in reform of the political system in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These concerns contributed to the growth of Progressivism, a major reform movement of this era. . .
NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field: The NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field was originally known as the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory. Located in Cleveland, Ohio, it was established in 1941, and its purpose was to develop and improve aircraft engines. . .
Nash, George K.: George Kilbon Nash was Ohio 41st governor. . .
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People: The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in 1909. . .
National Industrial Recovery Act: On June 13, 1933, the United States Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). The NIRA was part of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal. . .
National Labor Relations Board: On July 15, 1935, the United States Congress passed the Wagner-Connery Act. U.S. Senator Robert F. Wagner of New York introduced the Wagner-Connery Act. This legislation legalized unions and created the National Labor Relations Board. . .
National Organization for Women: In 1966, a group of women formed the National Organization for Women (NOW). These women sought to bring political pressure on government officials to guarantee women equal rights with men. . .
National Road: The National Road was one of the first paved (compacted gravel) roads to cross the Appalachian Mountains. . .
National Tax Association: The National Tax Association is a nonprofit organization dedicated to educating government officials, the public, and tax professionals about taxation issues. . .
National Welfare Rights Organization: In 1967, Lillian Craig, a resident of Cleveland, Ohio, founded the National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO). This group eventually encompassed people, especially women, across the United States of America. . .
National Woman's Party: In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a number of womens organizations advocated womens rights, including the right to vote. Among those groups was the National Womens Party. . .
National Youth Administration: On April 8, 1935, the United States Congress passed the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act. One important accomplishment of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act was the creation of the National Youth Administration. . .
Nativism: Nativism is a reaction against immigrants. . .
Ness, Eliot: Eliot Ness was born on April 19, 1903, in Chicago, Illinois. He graduated from the University of Chicago in 1927 with dual degrees in business and law. . .
New Deal: The New Deal was a major component of President Franklin Roosevelt's plan to help the United States recover from the Great Depression. . .
Newburgh Petition: The Newburgh Petition was an effort by officers in the Continental Army to be paid in land rather than money in the closing years of the American Revolution. . .
Nineteenth Amendment: The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution granted adult women the right to vote. . .
Nixon, Richard M.: Richard Milhous Nixon was President of the United States of America from 1969 to 1974. . .
North American Free Trade Agreement: In January 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) went into effect. . .
North and East of the First Principal Meridian District: The South and East of the First Principal Meridian District and the North and East of the First Principal Meridian District were two land divisions in the Northwest Territory. . .
Northern Democratic Party: In the Election of 1860, the Democratic Party split into two parties, the Northern Democratic Party and the Southern Democratic Party. . .
Northwest Ordinance: On July 13, 1787, the Confederation Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance. The act created a system of government for the Northwest Territory. It also specified how the various parts of the Northwest Territory could become states. . .
Northwest Ordinance (Transcript): Transcript of "An Ordinance for the government of the Territory of the United States northwest of the River Ohio. " . .
Northwest Ordinance Sesquicentennial: In 1937, the United States celebrated the 150th anniversary of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society proposed a national celebration of this important document. . .
Northwest Territory: On July 13, 1787, the Confederation Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance. The act created the Northwest Territory. It also established a form of government and specified how the various parts of the Northwest Territory could become states. . .
Norwegian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Norwegian ancestors. Today, Norwegian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Noyes, Edward F.: Edward Follansbee Noyes was the thirtieth Governor of Ohio. . .
O'Neil-Pringle Minimum Wage Bill: In 1933, the Ohio legislature debated the merits of the O'Neil-Pringle Minimum Wage Bill. This bill, if passed, would allow a state official to establish minimum wages for both women and children employed in certain businesses. . .
O'Neill, C. W.: C. William O'Neill was Ohio's fifty-ninth governor. . .
Oberlin-Wellington Rescue Case: The Oberlin-Wellington Rescue Case of 1858 showed how divided Ohio had become over the issue of slavery. . .
Office of the Ohio Public Defender: To guarantee Ohio’s poorer citizens legal representation, the Ohio government established the Office of the Ohio Public Defender in 1976. . .
Ohio: Ohio is the seventeenth state within the United States of America. . .
Ohio and Erie Canal: The Ohio and Erie Canal was one of Ohio's most important canals during the mid nineteenth century. . .
Ohio and Mississippi Railroad: The city of Cincinnati provided financial support for the construction of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad in 1854. The railroad was built parallel to the Cincinnati and Whitewater Canal. . .
Ohio Anti-Saloon League: The Ohio Anti-Saloon League was an important prohibition organization in the United States of America in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. . .
Ohio Anti-Slavery Society: Abolitionists established the Ohio Anti-Slavery Society in Zanesville at a meeting held in April 1835. Among the organizations founders were prominent abolitionists like Asa Mahan, John Rankin, Theodore Dwight Weld, and Charles Finney. . .
Ohio Board of Agriculture: In June 1845, Ohio farmers organized the Ohio Board of Agriculture. During the following year, the Ohio General Assembly formally recognized the group as the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. The board's initial goal was to establish county fairs across Ohio. . .
Ohio Board of Regents: In 1963, the Ohio government created the Ohio Board of Regents. The board currently consists of nine members, and its purpose is to advise the Ohio governor and the state legislature on higher education issues. . .
Ohio Branch of the Council of National Defense: During World War I, the United States Congress established the Council of National Defense to manage the domestic aspects of the nations war effort. . .
Ohio Bureau of Labor Statistics: To determine the conditions that Ohio workers faced, the state legislature established the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 1877. Legislators hoped to determine whether or not government intervention was necessary. . .
Ohio Canal Commission: The Ohio Canal Commission oversaw the construction of canals in the State of Ohio during the early and mid nineteenth century. . .
Ohio Chamber of Commerce: In 1893, several Ohio business owners established the Ohio Chamber of Commerce. . .
Ohio Citizen Corps: Following the terrorist attacks against the United States of America on September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush established the USA Freedom Corps. The Ohio Citizen Corps is a subsidiary of this organization. . .
Ohio Civil Rights Act of 1959: To help eliminate racial discrimination in Ohio, the Ohio General Assembly enacted the Ohio Civil Rights Act of 1959. . .
Ohio Civil Rights Commission: To help eliminate racial discrimination in Ohio, the Ohio General Assembly created the Ohio Civil Rights Commission in 1959. . .
Ohio Civil Rights Law of 1894: The Ohio Civil Rights Law of 1894 was an early effort by the Ohio government to eliminate racial discrimination in Ohio. . .
Ohio Commission on Hispanic/Latino Affairs: The Ohio Commission on Hispanic/Latino Affairs is a state bureaucratic office that advises Ohio government leaders on Hispanic issues. . .
Ohio Company: In 1748, several wealthy Virginians, including George Washington, established the Ohio Company. The investors hoped to secure lands west of the Appalachian Mountains from the English government. . .
Ohio Company of Associates: In 1786, a group of men in Massachusetts, including General Rufus Putnam and Brigadier General Benjamin Tupper, founded the Ohio Company of Associates, a real estate company. . .
Ohio Conservancy Law: The State of Ohio passed the Ohio Conservancy Law, also known as the Vonderheide Act, after the Flood of 1913. This flood was the greatest natural disaster in Ohio history. . .
Ohio Constitution of 1803: The Ohio Constitution of 1803 was Ohio's first state constitution. . .
Ohio Constitution of 1803 (Transcript): Transcript of Ohio's original constitution, drafted in 1802 and approved by Congress in 1803 . .
Ohio Constitution of 1851: By 1850, many Ohioans believed that the time had come to replace the Constitution of 1802. New issues had arisen that the drafters of the first constitution had not foreseen. . .
Ohio Constitution of 1874: In 1871, some Ohio government officials felt the need to redraft Ohio's state constitution. The constitution currently in effect was the Constitution of 1851. During the twenty years since this document's ratification, the United States had experienced great change. . .
Ohio Constitutional Convention of 1802: The Ohio Constitutional Convention of 1802 drafted Ohio's first state constitution. . .
Ohio Constitutional Convention of 1850-1851: By 1850, many Ohioans believed that the time had come to replace the Constitution of 1803. New issues had arisen that the drafters of the first constitution had not foreseen. . .
Ohio Constitutional Convention of 1873 - 1874: In 1871, some Ohio government officials felt the need to redraft Ohio's state constitution. The constitution currently in effect was the Constitution of 1851. During the twenty years since this document's ratification, the United States had experienced great change. . .
Ohio Constitutional Convention of 1912: In the early twentieth century, many Ohioans believed that the current state constitution was outdated. Progressives were attempting to rid politics of corruption and inefficiency, and many reformers believed that the government should do more to protect its citizens and the nation's moral values in an era of rapid change caused by industrialization, immigration, and urbanization. As a result, in 1910 Ohio voters approved the creation of a new constitutional convention. . .
Ohio Consumers' League: The Ohio Consumers' League sought improved working conditions for women and children. . .
Ohio Country: The Ohio Country was the name given to the territory roughly west of the Appalachian Mountains and north of the Ohio River prior to the American Revolution. . .
Ohio Defense Corps: The Ohio Defense Corps had its roots in the Ohio Militia, which was formed in 1803. . .
Ohio Department of Agriculture: In June 1845, Ohio farmers organized the Ohio Board of Agriculture. . .
Ohio Education Association: In 1847, a group of teachers met at the Summit County, Ohio, courthouse and established the Ohio State Teachers’ Association. The organization later became the Ohio Education Association. . .
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency: The Ohio state government established the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA) on October 23, 1972. . .
Ohio Fair Housing Act of 1965: To help end discrimination in Ohio housing, in 1965, the General Assembly enacted Fair Housing Act. . .
Ohio Farm Bureau Federation: The Ohio Farm Bureau Federation (OFBF) formed in 1919. Its original purpose was to lobby local, state, and federal leaders to pass legislation to assist farmers. Some of the organization’s early goals included providing electric service to rural areas and crop insurance. . .
Ohio Gang: In 1920, Ohioan Warren Gamaliel Harding won election as president of the United States. As president, for the most part, Harding proved to be a poor manager of the federal government. He delegated authority to his cabinet officials. These men became known as the "Ohio gang," because they supposedly were a gang of thieves from Ohio. . .
Ohio General Assembly: The General Assembly is the legislative branch of Ohio’s government. This body consists of the Ohio House and the Ohio Senate. Ohio’s original constitution, the Constitution of 1803, created the General Assembly. . .
Ohio Governor's Office: The Ohio Constitution of 1803 established the Ohio Governor's Office. . .
Ohio Hispanic Coalition: The Ohio Hispanic Coalition is an advocacy group for Ohio's Latino population. . .
Ohio Historical Society: The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society was formed in 1885. It was a predecessor of the present Ohio Historical Society. . .
Ohio Hospital for Epileptics: In 1890, the Ohio government established the Ohio Hospital for Epileptics in Gallipolis, Ohio. The hospital was the first of its kind in the United States and the largest institution dedicated to the care of epileptics. . .
Ohio House Bill 610 (Gender Discrimination Prohibition): In 1973, the Ohio state government passed House Bill 610. This bill prohibited gender discrimination in employment, housing, and in public accommodations. . .
Ohio Income Tax: In 1972, the Ohio state government implemented an income tax. This tax was a progressive one. Under a progressive income tax, the people who earn the most money pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes. . .
Ohio Indian Wars: The Ohio Indian Wars were a series of struggles between white settlers from the newly independent United States and Native American residents of the Ohio Country in the years after the American Revolution. . .
Ohio Industrial Commission: During World War I, the United States Congress established the Council of National Defense to manage the domestic aspects of the nations war effort. . .
Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb: In 1827, the Ohio legislature authorized the creation of the Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. The institution opened in 1829, in a rented house in Columbus, Ohio at the corner of Broad and High Streets. During the institution’s first year of existence, only one student enrolled. . .
Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind: In 1837, the Ohio government established the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind. This institution was the predecessor of the Ohio State School for the Blind. It was the first public school for the blind in the United States. . .
Ohio Legislature: The General Assembly is the legislative branch of Ohio’s government. This body consists of the Ohio House and the Ohio Senate. . .
Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company: The Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company was a banking institution located in Cincinnati, Ohio, during the 1830s, 1840s, and 1850s. . .
Ohio Loan Law of 1837: On March 24, 1837, the Ohio legislature passed the Ohio Loan Law of 1837. This legislation was designed to assist the building of additional canals within the state. . .
Ohio Lottery: On May 8, 1973, Ohio voters voted overwhelmingly to amend the Ohio Constitution of 1851 to create a state lottery. Ohio was the tenth state to approve a state lottery. The amendment passed with two-thirds of voters in favor of it. . .
Ohio Lunatic Asylum: In 1837, the Ohio legislature established the Ohio Lunatic Asylum in Columbus, Ohio. . .
Ohio Military Reserve: The Ohio Military Reserve had its roots in the Ohio Militia, which was formed in 1803. At that time, every state within the United States had its own militia. . .
Ohio Militia: The Ohio Militia was formed in 1803. At that time, every state within the United States had its own militia. . .
Ohio National Guard: The Ohio National Guard had its roots in the Ohio Militia, which was formed in 1803. At that time, every state within the United States had its own militia. . .
Ohio Naval Militia: The Ohio Naval Militia had its roots in the Ohio Militia, which was formed in 1803. . .
Ohio Penitentiary: The Ohio Penitentiary opened in Columbus in 1834 and continued to house prisoners until 1979. The state had built a small prison in Columbus in 1813. But as the state's population grew the earlier facility was not able to handle the number of prisoners sent to it by the courts. . .
Ohio Penitentiary Fire: On April 21, 1930, the Ohio Penitentiary experienced the worst disaster in its history. A terrible fire broke out in the early evening, eventually killing 322 inmates. . .
Ohio Penitentiary Riot (1952): On October 31, 1952, a riot erupted at the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus. It became known as the “Halloween Riot,” as it began on Halloween. . .
Ohio Penitentiary Riot (1968): On August 20, 1968, prisoners at the Ohio Penitentiary rioted. Inmates in cell blocks C and D took nine guards prisoner. . .
Ohio Progressive Republican League: The Ohio Progressive Republican League was the predecessor to the Progressive Party in Ohio. . .
Ohio Public Accommodations Law of 1884: The Ohio Public Accommodations Law of 1884 was an early effort by the Ohio government to eliminate racial discrimination in Ohio. . .
Ohio Reform School: In 1857, the Ohio government established the Ohio Reform School. The Ohio Reform School was a reformatory for boys between eight and eighteen years of age. It was located approximately five miles south of Lancaster, in Fairfield County, Ohio, and the institution accepted its first inmate in 1858. . .
Ohio Relief Commission: In 1932, the Ohio legislature created the State Relief Commission. This organization was also known as the Ohio Relief Commission. . .
Ohio Retail Sales Tax Law of 1935: During the Great Depression, public schools in Ohio faced a financial crisis. Most schools received their funding through property taxes. Many Ohioans failed to pay their taxes because of the difficult economic times. . .
Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission: In 1948, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Virginia, and New York established the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO). . .
Ohio School Law: Ohio's current school system is based upon the Ohio School Law. . .
Ohio School of the Air: The Ohio School of the Air was an early effort to use radio in public education. . .
Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Home: In 1886, the Ohio General Assembly authorized the creation of the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Home at Sandusky, Ohio. The home was created to provide for Ohio's indigent honorably discharged veterans of the American Civil War. . .
Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home: In 1869, the Grand Army of the Republic, a veterans' organization of Union soldiers who fought in the American Civil War, established the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home in Xenia, Ohio. . .
Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society: The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society was formed in 1885. It was a predecessor of the present Ohio Historical Society. . .
Ohio State Board of Agriculture: In June 1845 Ohio farmers organized the Ohio Board of Agriculture. In 1846 the Ohio legislature formally recognized the group as the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. The board proceeded to establish county fairs across Ohio. . .
Ohio State Board of Health: During Ohio Governor Joseph Foraker's administration, the state government created the Ohio State Board of Health. This government bureaucracy's primary mission was to limit the spread of diseases throughout the state. . .
Ohio State Fair: The Ohio State Fair is an annual exhibition held at the Ohio Expo Center in Columbus that showcases Ohio farming and commercial products and achievements. . .
Ohio State Highway Patrol: In 1933, the Ohio government created a statewide police force known as the Ohio State Highway Patrol. . .
Ohio State Journal: The Ohio State Journal newspaper originally began publication as the Western Intelligencer in 1811. The paper was published in Worthington, Ohio. . .
Ohio State Medical Association: The Ohio Medical Association was established in 1835. . .
Ohio State School for the Blind: In 1837, the Ohio government established the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind. This institution was the predecessor of the Ohio State School for the Blind. It was the first public school for the blind in the United States. . .
Ohio State School for the Deaf: n 1827, the Ohio legislature authorized the creation of the Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. The institution opened in 1829, in a rented house in Columbus, Ohio at the corner of Broad and High Streets. During the institution’s first year of existence, only one student enrolled. . .
Ohio State Teachers' Association: In 1847, a group of teachers met at the Summit County, Ohio, courthouse and established the Ohio State Teachers’ Association. The organization later became the Ohio Education Association. . .
Ohio Statehouse: The Ohio Statehouse is the seat of Ohio’s government. It is located in Columbus, the state capital. Construction of Ohio’s current statehouse began in 1839 and was completed in 1861. . .
Ohio Statesman: In 1838, Samuel Medary purchased the Western Hemisphere newspaper of Columbus, Ohio. He changed the paper's name to the Ohio Statesman. . .
Ohio Supreme Court: The Ohio Constitution of 1803 established the Supreme Court of Ohio. Initially, this court consisted of three justices, who served as the highest legal body in the state. . .
Ohio Turnpike Commission: In 1949, the Ohio government established the Ohio Turnpike Commission. This office was to finance and construct a turnpike that crossed northern Ohio. . .
Ohio Un-American Activities Committee: In 1951, the Ohio General Assembly implemented the Ohio Un-American Activities Committee, a joint committee of state representatives and senators charged with determining communism's influence in Ohio. . .
Ohio Unemployment Compensation Law: With the beginning of the Great Depression in October 1929, many Ohioans became unemployed as businesses attempted to avoid bankruptcy by either firing or laying off workers. By 1932, 37.3 percent of Ohio workers were unemployed. . .
Ohio Unemployment Insurance Commission: On April 9, 1931, the Ohio legislature created the Ohio Unemployment Insurance Commission. The legislature charged the commission to "investigate the possibility of setting up unemployment reserves or insurance funds to provide against the risk of unemployment." . .
Ohio University Die-in: On April 6, 2005, approximately twenty people, including students, held a "die-in" at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. This event was to protest the presence of United States soldiers in Iraq. . .
Ohio Veterans Home: In 1886, the Ohio General Assembly authorized the creation of the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, the predecessor of the Ohio Veterans Home, at Sandusky, Ohio. . .
Ohio Veterans' Children's Home: In 1869, the Grand Army of the Republic, a veterans' organization of Union soldiers who fought in the American Civil War, established the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home in Xenia, Ohio. This institution was the predecessor of the Ohio Veterans' Children's Home. . .
Ohio Veterans' Children's Home: In 1869, the Grand Army of the Republic, a veterans' organization of Union soldiers who fought in the American Civil War, established the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home in Xenia, Ohio. This institution was the predecessor of the Ohio Veterans' Children's Home. . .
Ohio Woman Suffrage Association: The Ohio Woman Suffrage Association was an early woman's suffragist group in Ohio. . .
Ohio Women's Rights Association: The Ohio Women's Rights Association was an early women's rights association in Ohio. . .
Ohio Women's Temperance Society: Established in 1853, the Ohio Women's Temperance Society was an early temperance organization in Ohio. . .
Ohio's Banking Holiday of 1985: In 1985, Ohio Governor Richard F. Celeste declared a banking holiday, to halt a rush on deposits due the collapse of the Home State Savings Bank, of Cincinnati. . .
Ohio's Bicentennial: In 2003, Ohio celebrated two hundred years of statehood. Festivities occurred across the state. The Ohio Bicentennial Commission had at least one barn in each of Ohio's eighty-eight counties painted with the bicentennial logo. . .
Ohio's Centennial: Ohio became the seventeenth state in the United States in 1803. One hundred years later, Ohioans celebrated the state's centennial. . .
Ohio's Early Historic Periods Timeline: A timeline of Ohio's Major Historic Periods. . .
Ohio's Sesquicentennial: In 1953, Ohio celebrated the 150th anniversary of its statehood. The state sponsored a number of events to celebrate this occasion. . .
Ohio's State Bird - The Cardinal: In 1933, the Ohio General Assembly made the cardinal Ohio's state bird. The cardinal's scientific name is Cardinalis Cardinalis. . .
Ohio's State Flag (1901): Architect John Eisenmann designed the Ohio state flag in 1901. . .
Ohio's State Flower - Red Carnation: Ohio adopted its official state flower, the red carnation, in 1904. . .
Ohio's State Fossil - Isotelus: In 1985, the Ohio government made Isotelus Ohio's official fossil. Isotelus is a trilobite that existed between 430 and 480 million years ago. . .
Ohio's State Gemstone - Flint: In 1965, the Ohio General Assembly adopted flint as Ohio's official gemstone. Large quantities of this gem exist especially in the eastern and central parts of the state. . .
Ohio's State Groundhog: Buckeye Chuck: Buckeye Chuck is one of two groundhogs in Ohio known for predicting the arrival of spring. A native of Marion, Ohio, Chuck began predicting spring's arrival in the 1970s. . .
Ohio's State Insect - Ladybug: In 1975, the Ohio government selected the ladybug as Ohio's official insect. . .
Ohio's State Mammal - White-tailed Deer: In 1988, the Ohio General Assembly made the White-tailed Deer Ohio's official state mammal. The White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, has been extremely important in Ohio's history. . .
Ohio's State Motto: During the early 1950s, the Ohio legislature sponsored a contest for selecting a state motto. "With God All Things Are Possible" became Ohio's state motto on October 1, 1959. James Mastronardo, a twelve-year-old boy recommended this quotation from the Bible. . .
Ohio's State Nickname: Ohio is commonly referred to as the Buckeye State due to the prevalence of Ohio Buckeye trees within the state's borders. . .
Ohio's State Pledge: In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of Ohio's flag, the General Assembly adopted a pledge to the flag in 2002. . .
Ohio's State Poetry Day: In 1938, the State of Ohio set the third Friday of every October as Ohio Poetry Day. . .
Ohio's State Prehistoric Monument: On June 7, 2006, Governor Bob Taft formally declared the Newark Earthworks to be Ohio's prehistoric monument. The designation of the Newark Earthworks as Ohio's state prehistoric monument honors the ancient American Indian builders of this site. It also honors the early residents of Newark who found ways to include the earthworks in their own new settlement without destroying them completely. . .
Ohio's State Reptile - Black Racer: In 1995, the Ohio Legislature made the Black Racer Ohio's official reptile due to the snake's prevalence in the state. . .
Ohio's State Rock Song - Hang On Sloopy: In 1985, the Ohio General Assembly approved "Hang on Sloopy" as Ohio's official rock song. . .
Ohio's State Seal: The State of Ohio has had an official seal for more than 200 years. Over that time, the state government has modified the seal several times. . .
Ohio's State Song - Beautiful Ohio: In 1969, the Ohio legislature adopted "Beautiful Ohio" as Ohio's state song. Mary Earl, whose real name was Robert A. "Bobo" King, composed the music. . .
Ohio's State Tourism Slogans: In 1984, the Ohio Division of Travel and Tourism created the slogan, "Ohio, The Heart of It All" to promote tourism. The office adopted this slogan for many reasons. . .
Ohio's State Tree - Buckeye: The Ohio Buckeye was designated as the official state tree in 1953 by the Ohio legislature. . .
Ohio's State Wildflower - White Trillium: In 1986, the Ohio General Assembly made the white trillium Ohio's official wildflower. . .
Ohio's Statewide Smoking Ban: On November 7, 2006, Ohio voters overwhelmingly endorsed State Issue 5, which banned smoking inside of all public places in Ohio, including all restaurants, bars, bowling alleys, and work places. Almost sixty percent of Ohio voters supported the measure, while forty percent opposed it. . .
Ohioana Library: Martha Kinney Cooper, the wife of Ohio Governor Myers Y. Cooper, dedicated her time as Ohio First Lady to honoring Ohio artists, authors, and musical composers. She took the leading role in establishing the Martha Kinney Cooper Ohioana Library in 1929. . .
Oil Industry: Drilling for oil in Ohio began in 1860. Drillers opened the first oil well in Ohio history near Macksburg, in Washington County. Additional wells soon appeared in Washington County and Noble County as well. . .
Ojibwa Indians: The Ojibwa Indians, also known as the Chippewa Indians, lived mainly in Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Ontario, Canada at the time of European contact. They were part of the Algonquian Indians. . .
Operation Enduring Freedom: In October 2001, the United States of America and Great Britain invaded the country of Afghanistan. The invasion was in response to the terrorist attacks launched against the United States on September 11, 2001. . .
Order of American Knights: The Order of American Knights was also known as the Sons of Liberty. Members of this organization resided primarily in Northern states during the American Civil War and opposed the Union war effort. . .
Ordinance of 1784: The Ordinance of 1784 was an early effort by the government of the newly formed United States to deal with the territory north and west of the Ohio River. . .
Orr v. Allen: Orr v. Allen was an important legal case heard by the United States Supreme Court that upheld the right of a state to use the power of eminent domain to advance public welfare. . .
Osborn v. Bank of the United States: Osborn v. The United States was a legal case heard by the United State Supreme Court that affirmed the McCulloch v Maryland decision and prohibited states from taxing instruments of the federal government. . .
Osborn, Charles: Charles Osborn was a journalist and outspoken opponent of slavery in the years before the American Civil War. . .
Osborn, Ralph: Ralph Osborn was Ohio's state auditor during the Panic of 1819. . .
Over the Hill in October: Some Ohio soldiers drafted in October 1940 threatened to desert once the original twelve months of their service was up. Many of these men painted the letters "O," "H," "I," and "O" (OHIO) on the walls of their barracks. These letters were an acronym for "Over the hill in October," which meant that the men intended to desert upon the end of their twelve months of duty. . .
Ownership of the Ohio River: Since the late 1700s, various states have claimed ownership of various stretches of the Ohio River. The principal reason was to garner wealth from the trade that occured on the river. In 1792, the federal government determined that Kentucky owned the Ohio River along its border with Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. . .
Ox Cart Library: The Ox Cart Library was the first publicly owned library in the Western Reserve of Connecticut in what is now northeast Ohio. . .
Panic of 1819: The Panic of 1819 and the accompanying Banking Crisis of 1819 were economic crises in the United States of America principally caused by the end of years of warfare between France and Great Britain. . .
Panic of 1837: The Panic of 1837 was a financial crisis that had damaging effects on the Ohio and national economies. . .
Panic of 1857: The Panic of 1857 was a nation economic depression caused, principally, by Europe's declining purchase of American agricultural products. . .
Panic of 1893: The Panic of 1893 was a national economic crisis set off by the collapse of two of the country's largest employers, the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad and the National Cordage Company. . .
Parsons, Samuel H.: Samuel Holden Parsons was an American political and military leader in the years following the American Revolution. He was one of the first settlers in the Northwest Territory and one of its most prominent early leaders. . .
Pattison, John M.: John M. Pattison served as Ohio's governor for six months in 1906 before dying while in office. . .
Peace Democrats: Copperheads or Peace Democrats were people who opposed the North's attempts to reunite the nation during the American Civil War. . .
Pease, Calvin: Calvin Pease was born on September 9, 1776, in Suffield, Connecticut. Pease studied law and, in 1798, passed the Connecticut bar exam. Shortly after becoming a lawyer, Pease moved to the Northwest Territory. . .
Pease, Seth: Seth Pease helped survey the Connecticut Western Reserve in the late 1790s. . .
Pendleton Act: George Pendleton, a United States Senator from Cincinnati, Ohio, authored the Pendleton Act. The Pendleton Act still serves as the basis for civil service positions today. This legislation resulted from President James Garfield's assassination in 1881. . .
Pendleton, George: George Pendleton was a prominent nineteenth century Ohio political leader who strongly supported federal civil service reform. . .
Penick v. Columbus Board of Education: The federal court case, Penick v. Columbus Board of Education, led to the desegregation of Columbus, Ohio's public schools. . .
Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal: The Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal (P&O) was built between 1835 and 1840. Also known as the Mahoning Canal, the P&O connected Akron, Ohio, to the Beaver and Erie Canal in Pennsylvania. . .
People's Party: The People's Party, also known as the Populist Party, was an important political party in the United States of America during the late nineteenth century. . .
Perkins, Simon: Simon Perkins was an early settler of the Western Reserve of Connecticut in what would become northeast Ohio. Over a long and active life he would become involved in many of the most important economic and political events of his time. . .
Phelps, Oliver: Oliver Phelps was a political leader, soldier and early investor in land in Ohio after the American Revolution. . .
Phillips, Caroline F. "Carrie": Caroline (Carrie) Fulton Phillips had an affair with President Warren G. Harding, an Ohioan. The affair occurred before Harding won election to the presidency. . .
Plunder Law: On March 24, 1837, the Ohio legislature passed the Ohio Loan Law of 1837. This legislation was designed to assist the building of additional canals within the state. It allowed the Ohio government to loan businesses one-third of the total costs to complete a project. . .
Polish Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Polish ancestors. Today, Polish Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Polk, James: James Polk was the 11th President of the United States. . .
Pomeroy, Alanson: Alanson Pomeroy was a politician, a businessman, and a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. . .
Pond Law: The issue of temperance was becoming more and more important to many Ohioans in the 1870s and 1880s. By the 1880s, state politicians began to pass legislation that attempted to control alcohol consumption in Ohio. . .
Poorhouse: During the early nineteenth century, counties across the United States created poorhouses to assist financially-challenged residents. . .
Popular Sovereignty: Popular sovereignty is a political term that simply means that the “people are the rulers.” This term is usually used in reference to political issues that are settled by popular vote or to governments based on the concept of democracy. . .
Populist Party: The People's Party, also known as the Populist Party, was an important political party in the United States of America during the late nineteenth century. . .
Powderly, Terence: Terence Powderly was born in 1849, in Carbondale, Pennsylvania. While still a teenager, Powderly became an apprentice in a machine shop. Unhappy with working conditions in his chosen industry, Powderly joined the Machinists and Blacksmiths National Union in 1871. Within one year, Powderly had become this union's president. . .
Presidential Election of 1876: The presidential election of 1876 led to the end of Reconstruction. In this election, the Republican Party nominated Rutherford B. Hayes, an Ohioan, while the Democratic Party ran Samuel Tilden, a New Yorker. . .
Presidential Election of 1912: The Presidential Election of 1912 reflected both the important influence of Progressivism on American politics and the deep divisions that it could cause. . .
Presidential Election of 1916: In the Presidential Election of 1916, President Woodrow Wilson narrowly won reelection. . .
Preston, Roberta: Roberta Preston was the first African-American woman to serve as a postmaster in Ohio and in the United States of America. . .
Price, John: John Price, a runaway slave, became the center of the Oberlin Wellington Rescue Case of 1858. . .
Proclamation of 1763: The Proclamation of 1763 forbade English colonists to live west of the Appalachian Mountains. . .
Progressive Movement: The Progressive Movement was a widespread reform effort to cure the many social and political ills in America after the advent of the Industrial Revolution. . .
Progressive Party: The Presidential Election of 1912 reflected both the important influence of Progressivism on American politics and the deep divisions that it could cause. . .
Progressives: For the most part, Progressives were white, middle-class Americans who practiced a Protestant faith. They also tended to be members of the Republican Party. . .
Prohibition: Prohibition includes the attempts of many reformers to reduce, if not end, the consumption of alcohol. . .
Prohibition Party: In 1869, a group of Americans concerned with alcohol consumption formed the Prohibition Party. This political party ran some candidates for office at local, state and federal levels; however, it usually simply endorsed candidates that it found acceptable from among the larger political parties. . .
Property Tax: A property tax is a tax on privately-owned property. . .
Public Education: There were limited educational opportunities in the Northwest Territory and Ohio once it became a state. Mothers educated their children at home, although there were a number of schools founded in towns and villages. The settlers believed that schools would have a civilizing influence on Ohio, maintaining aspects of Eastern culture. . .
Public Schools: There were limited educational opportunities in the Northwest Territory and Ohio once it became a state. Mothers educated their children at home, although there were a number of schools founded in towns and villages. The settlers believed that schools would have a civilizing influence on Ohio. . .
Public Works Administration: On June 13, 1933, the United States Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). The NIRA had three components to it. One portion of the NIRA created the Public Works Administration. . .
Putnam, Rufus: Rufus Putnam was a soldier and early settler of Ohio after the American Revolution. . .
Pyke, Bernice S.: In 1920, Bernice Secrest Pyke was the first woman appointed to serve as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention. . .
Quinby, Ephraim: Ephraim Quinby was the founder of Warren, Ohio. . .
Radical Republicans: The Republican Party began in 1854 as a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. This legislation split Whig Party members along regional lines. Former Northern Whigs united with members of the Free Soil Party and the American Party to create the Republican Party. . .
Railroads: As early as the mid 1820s, Ohio residents advocated the building of railroads to speed travel time and to make it easier to ship products. . .
Ranney, Rufus: Rufus Ranney was a prominent nineteenth-century politician who served as a justice on the Ohio Supreme Court. . .
Ravenna, Ohio, Teachers' Strike: In the spring of 1981, teachers in Ravenna, Ohio went on strike for eighty-five days, the longest teachers' strike in U.S. history. . .
Real Estate Speculators: Real estate speculators, people who sought to purchase land cheaply and then resell it for a profit, were among the first European settlers of what would become Ohio. . .
Reconstruction: Reconstruction is a name often given to the era immediately following the American Civil War. After the Northern states had defeated the Confederacy, the Union government developed policies to reconstruct the nation. . .
Reed v. Rhodes: The federal district court decision in the case of Reed v. Rhodes in 1976 led to the desegregation of the public schools of Cleveland, Ohio. . .
Reemelin, Charles: Charles Reemelin was an important figure in Ohio politics during the middle part of the nineteenth century. . .
Referendum: Americans were becoming more and more concerned about corruption within the political process in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These concerns contributed to the growth of Progressivism, a major reform movement of this era. . .
Refugee Tract: The Refugee Tract was one of the early land divisions in Ohio during the late eighteenth century. . .
Relief Act of 1821: During the early 1800s, many Ohioans purchased land on credit. During the War of 1812 and afterwards, farmers bought many acres of land from the federal government. This land had been part of the Congress Lands, set aside by the national government as it organized the Northwest Territory. . .
Rendville, Ohio: Rendville is a small community in Perry County, Ohio. . .
Republican Party: The Republican Party originated in 1854 as a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. This piece of legislation split Whig Party members along regional lines and illustrated that the party could no longer function as a single entity. . .
Resettlement Administration: On April 30, 1935, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt established the Resettlement Administration. The Resettlement Administration was part of President Roosevelt's New Deal. . .
Rhodes' Raiders: "Rhodes' Raiders" were a group of Ohio's most prominent political and business leaders that Ohio Governor James Rhodes recruited to actively encourage new business development in the state. . .
Rhodes, James A.: James Allen Rhodes was served as governor of Ohio for four terms during the late twentieth century. . .
River Valley Schools' Cancer Scare: During the 1980s and 1990s, medical officials began observing an increased rate of cancer, especially leukemia, among students at Marion, Ohio's, River Valley Schools. . .
Roaring Twenties: Many people believe that the 1920s marked a new era in American history. The decade often is referred to as the "Roaring Twenties." . .
Rockefeller, John D.: John D. Rockefeller was a prominent industrialist and co-founder of the Standard Oil Company. . .
Romanian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Romanian ancestors. Today, Romanian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Roosevelt, Franklin D.: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the nation's only four-term president, led the United States through two perilous crises, the Great Depression and World War II. . .
Roosevelt, Theodore: Theodore Roosevelt was born on October 27, 1858, in New York City. In 1880, he graduated from Harvard University and immediately embarked upon a political career, winning election to the New York Assembly as a member of the Republican Party in 1881. . .
Rose Law: In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, there was growing support for Prohibition in Ohio. Groups such as the Ohio Anti-Saloon League and the American Anti-Saloon League were successful in gaining the attention of some lawmakers in the state legislature. . .
Rosecrans, William S.: William Starke Rosecrans was a major military leader in the American Civil War. . .
Rossford Arena Amphitheater Authority: In the 1990s, Rossford, Ohio, city officials established the Rossford Arena Amphitheater Authority. . .
Rudolph, Lucretia: Lucretia Rudolph married James A. Garfield in 1858 and became First Lady of the United States in 1881. . .
Runaway Slaves: Before the American Civil War, a large number of runaway slaves passed through Ohio. One of the major reasons runaway slaves came to Ohio was the Underground Railroad. . .
Rural Electrification Act: On May 11, 1935, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt issued Executive Order 7037. This order created the Rural Electrification Administration. . .
Rural School Code Act: In the early decades of the twentieth century, Progressive reformers in Ohio enacted a number of laws to improve the state's educational system. One of these laws was known as the Rural School Code Act, passed in 1914. . .
Rusin Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Carpatho-Russian ancestors, including Rusin Ohioans. . .
Russian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Russian ancestors. Today, Russian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Ruthenian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Carpatho-Russian ancestors, including Ruthenian Ohioans. . .
Rutherford v. M'Faddon: The Ohio Supreme Court case of Rutherford v. M'Faddon upheld the doctrine of judicial review of acts of the legislature, at the state level. . .
Salem Grant: Following the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, the federal government opened the Northwest Territory to settlement by white Americans. Numerous white Americans either purchased or received land from the Confederation Congress and then, beginning in 1789, the United States government. One such group to receive land was the Moravians. . .
Saloon-Keepers' Rebellion: The Saloon Keepers' Rebellion was a protest movement in opposition to the Dow Law, which authorized the state government to tax and regulate the trafficking of alcohol within Ohio. . .
Salt Sections: In 1824, the United States Congress gave the State of Ohio approximately four thousand acres of Congress Lands in Delaware County, Ohio and an entire township in Jackson County, Ohio. This grant became known as the Salt Sections. . .
Sandles, Alfred P.: Alfred Putnam Sandles was Ohio's eleventh Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . .
Sargent, Winthrop: Winthrop Sargent was the first Secretary of the Northwest Territory. . .
Sawyer, Charles W.: Charles W. Sawyer was a prominent politician from Ohio, during the mid-twentieth century, who held several important federal positions. . .
Saxbe, William B.: Ohioan, William Bart Saxbe was a prominent twentieth-century politician who served in the United States Senate and as Attorney General of the United Stated. . .
Scandinavian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Scandinavian ancestors. Scandinavians include people from Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. . .
Schenck, Robert C.: Robert Schenck was a political and military leader in nineteenth century Ohio. . .
Schlesinger Jr., Arthur M.: Arthur Meier Schlesinger, Jr.was a leading authority on the history of the united States. . .
Schoenbrunn Grant: Following the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, the federal government opened the Northwest Territory to settlement by white Americans. Numerous white Americans either purchased or received land from the Confederation Congress and then, beginning in 1789, the United States government. One such group to receive land was the Moravians. . .
School Boards: School boards first formed in Ohio in 1825, when the Ohio government established public education in the state. . .
School Foundation Program Law: During the Great Depression, public schools in Ohio faced a financial crisis. Most schools received their funding through property taxes. Many Ohioans failed to pay their taxes because of the difficult economic times. . .
Scopes Monkey Trial: The Scopes Monkey Trial was a nationally famous Tennessee court case that upheld a state law banning the teaching of evolution in public schools in that state in 1925. . .
Second Red Scare: As World War II was ending, a fear-driven movement known as the Second Red Scare began to spread across the United States. Americans feared that the Soviet Union hoped to spread communism all over the world, overthrowing both democratic and capitalist institutions as it went. . .
Secondary Education: Publicly funded secondary education did not truly exist in Ohio until the passage of the Ohio School Law of 1849. Before this time, there were no public high schools. . .
Secret Ballot: During the late nineteenth century, Ohio elections were rife with corruption. It was very easy for candidates or their supporters to pay election officials to stuff voting boxes. In major cities, especially in Cincinnati, city bosses rigged elections in favor of one candidate over the others. . .
Segregation: Segregation was the practice of requiring separate public and private facilities for whites and blacks. While segregation was much more pervasive in the South after the American Civil War, African Americans still had much to overcome in the North. . .
Seneca Falls Convention: In 1848, the first women's rights convention in the United States of America took place at Seneca Falls, New York. . .
September 11, 2001: On September 11, 2001, members of Al-Qaeda, a terrorist group, launched attacks in New York City, New York, and in Washington, DC. Several terrorists took control of four passenger airplanes. . .
Serbian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Serbian ancestors. Today, Serbian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Servicemen's Readjustment Act: On June 22, 1944, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed into law the Servicemen's Readjustment Act. This legislation is better known as the G.I. Bill of Rights. The Servicemen's Readjustment Act provided government assistance to World War II veterans as they returned home upon the termination of their military service. . .
Settlement Houses: Settlement houses were institutions where immigrants especially could go to seek assistance. Settlement house organizers sought to teach immigrants how to survive and prosper in the United States. . .
Seven Ranges: The Seven Ranges was the first area to be surveyed by the American government as part of the Northwest Territory. . .
Seventeenth Amendment: The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution went into effect in 1913. Prior to its passage, each state's senators were appointed to their position by the state legislature. I . .
Shannon, Wilson: Wilson Shannon served as Ohio Governor from 1842 to 1844. . .
Shaw, Norman E.: Norman Ewing Shaw was Ohio's fifteenth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . .
Sheppard, Sam: Dr. Samuel Sheppard was a physician and the center of one of the best-known murder cases in American history. . .
Sherman Anti-Trust Act: In 1890, the United States government passed into law the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. This legislation was an anti-trust act, authorizing the federal government to break up any businesses that prohibited competition. Its author was John Sherman, a United States Senator from Ohio. . .
Sherman, John: During the late nineteenth century, John Sherman was a prominent United States Senator and Secretary of the Treasury from Ohio. . .
Sherwood, Isaac: Isaac R. Sherwood was born in Stanford, New York, on August 13, 1835. After attending the local public schools, Sherwood attended the Hudson River Institute in Claverack, New York, and Antioch College in Ohio. . .
Silliman, Wyllys: Wyllys Silliman was a lawyer and prominent politician during Ohio's early statehood period. . .
Slavic Village: During the late nineteenth century, Polish Ohioans established the community of Warszawa in Cleveland, Ohio. Today, this community is known as Slavic Village. . .
Sloane, Rush: Rush Sloane was an important nineteenth century northern Ohio political and business leader. . .
Slovene Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Slovene ancestors. Today, Slovene Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Smetona, Antanas: Antanas Smetona was the last president of the Republic of Lithuania. Forced into exile in 1940, Smetona eventually settled in Cleveland, Ohio. . .
Smith Act: In 1896, Harry Smith, an African-American state legislator from Cleveland, and Albion Tourgee, a white supporter of white and black equality, introduced an anti-lynching bill in the Ohio General Assembly. . .
Smith, Harry C.: Harry C. Smith was an African American journalist, publisher and legislator from Cleveland, Ohio in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. . .
Smith, Jess: Jess Smith served as an aide to United States Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty during President Warren G. Harding's administration. . .
Smith, John: John Smith was a clergyman and political leader in the early years of Ohio statehood. . .
Smoke Less Ohio: On November 7, 2006, Ohio voters overwhelmingly endorsed State Issue 5, which banned smoking inside of all public places in Ohio, including all restaurants, bars, bowling alleys, and work places. Almost sixty percent of Ohio voters supported the measure, while forty percent opposed it. . .
SmokeFreeOhio: On November 7, 2006, Ohio voters overwhelmingly endorsed State Issue 5, which banned smoking inside of all public places in Ohio, including all restaurants, bars, bowling alleys, and work places. Almost sixty percent of Ohio voters supported the measure, while forty percent opposed it. . .
Social Darwinism: The concept of Social Darwinism originated with English philosopher Herbert Spencer during the late 1800s. He based his ideas on the findings of scientist Charles Darwin, who developed the theory of evolution-that species improved over time with the strongest triumphing over the weak. . .
Social Security Act: Since the start of the twentieth century, numerous groups, including the Progressives, had lobbied the United States federal government to implement a national system of health insurance and pensions for the elderly and incapacitated. During the Great Depression, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt made the first concerted effort to enact such a program. . .
Socialist Party: During the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, socialism attracted many Americans. Socialists called for an economic system that removed greed from the people. Rather than working to attain the most wealth, socialists hoped that Americans would work together to benefit the common good. They also desired public ownership of utilities and transportation systems. . .
Socialists: During the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, socialism attracted many Americans. Socialists called for an economic system that removed greed from the people. . .
Society of the Cincinnati: Following the American Revolution, some Continental Army officers formed the Society of the Cincinnati. They named the organization after Roman dictator Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, who had left retirement as a farmer to lead the Romans to victory over their enemies. . .
Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act: During the 1930s, the Great Plains area of the United States was experiencing little rainfall and abnormally high temperatures. Most people residing in this area found employment as farmers. . .
Sons of Liberty: The Sons of Liberty was the nickname of the Order of American Knights. Members of this organization resided primarily in Northern and states during the American Civil War and opposed the Union war effort. . .
South and East of the First Principal Meridian District: The South and East of the First Principal Meridian District and the North and East of the First Principal Meridian District were two land divisions in the Northwest Territory. . .
Southern Democratic Party: In the Election of 1860, the Democratic Party split into two parties, the Northern Democratic Party and the Southern Democratic Party. . .
Southern Ohio Correctional Facility Riot: On April 11, 1993, Easter Sunday, approximately 450 prisoners in Cellblock L of the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility, in Lucasville, Ohio, rioted. . .
Spafford, Amos: Amos Spafford helped survey the Connecticut Western Reserve in the late 1790s. He also was one of the first settlers of Cleveland, Ohio. . .
Specie Circular: In July 1836, President Andrew Jackson issued the Specie Circular. Under this act, the government would only accept gold or silver in payment for federal land. This act prevented working-class Americans from purchasing federal land in the West, including in Ohio, due to the lack of gold and silver. . .
Spiegel Grove: Spiegel Grove is the former home of President Rutherford Birchard Hayes. It is located in Fremont, Ohio. . .
Sprague, George: George Sprague was Ohio's fourth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . .
Sprigg, William: William Sprigg was an attorney and an Ohio Supreme Court Justice during Ohio's early statehood period. . .
Springer, Jerry: Jerry Springer has been a journalist, elected official, and television talk show host. . .
Squatters: Squatters were people who illegally moved onto unoccupied land along the frontier and claimed that land as their own. . .
Squier, Ephraim: Ephraim Squier was a newspaper editor and amateur archaeologist in Ohio in the mid-nineteenth century. Squier was born in 1821. He worked in both New York and Connecticut as a newspaper reporter before settling in Ohio in the mid 1840s. . .
St. Clair, Arthur: Arthur St. Clair was a political and military leader in the Ohio country in the years of the American Revolution and the new nation. He was the first governor of the Northwest Territory. . .
Standard Oil Company: In 1862, John D. Rockefeller, a resident of Cleveland Ohio, joined with two partners to establish an oil-refining company. The men purchased oil wells in Titusville, Pennsylvania, and also constructed a well near Cleveland. . .
Stanton, Edwin M.: Edwin McMasters Stanton was the Secretary of War in the Lincoln administration during the American Civil War. . .
State Bank of Ohio: The State Bank of Ohio was founded in 1845, in response to Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States and the Panic of 1837. . .
State Liquor Control Act: In 1933, individual states within the United States ratified the Twenty-First Amendment to the United States Constitution. This amendment repealed the Eighteenth Amendment, which had legalized Prohibition. Also in 1933, Ohio voters repealed a Prohibition amendment in the Ohio constitution. . .
State of Ohio: Ohio is the seventeenth state within the United States of America. . .
State of Ohio Data Theft Case: On June 15, 2007, Ohio Governor Ted Strickland announced that a computer storage device, which contained the personal information of thousands of state workers and citizens, had been stolen. This created a fear among thousands of Ohioans that their identities might be assumed by another person. . .
State Reform School for Girls: The State Reform School for Girls, which eventually became known as the Girls' Industrial Home, was Ohio's correctional facility for minor women for much of the state's history. . .
State Relief Commission: In 1932, the Ohio legislature created the State Relief Commission. This organization was also known as the Ohio Relief Commission. This offices purpose was to assist Ohioans in coping with the Great Depression. . .
Stauffer, George A.: George A. Stauffer was Ohio's fourteenth Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. . .
Steedman, James: James Steedman was an Ohio political and military leader in nineteenth century America. . .
Steinem, Gloria: Gloria Steinem is an author, journalist and well-known advocate of women's rights. . .
Stewart, Eliza D.: Eliza Daniel Stewart was an important temperance advocate during the latter half of the nineteenth century. She began her career in public service during the American Civil War. . .
Stewart, Potter: Potter Stewart was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. . .
Stock Market Crash of 1929: During the late 1920s, the stock market in the United States boomed. Millions of Americans began to purchase stock, causing the market to dramatically increase in value. Unfortunately for the economy, so many Americans invested money in the stock market that stocks became inflated in price. . .
Stokes, Carl B.: Carl Burton Stokes was a political leader and public official from Cleveland, Ohio. . .
Stokes, Louis: Louis Stokes is a political leader and elected official from Cleveland, Ohio. . .
Stone, Lucy: Lucy Stone was a prominent leader of the woman's rights movement in nineteenth century America. . .
Stowe, Harriet B.: Harriet Beecher Stowe was an American author and abolitionist in the years before the American Civil War. . .
Strickland, Ted: Ted Strickland became the 68th Governor of Ohio in 2007. . .
Sullivant, Lucas: Lucas Sullivant was a surveyor, soldier and settler in central Ohio in the years after the American Revolution. . .
Supreme Court of Ohio: The Ohio Constitution of 1803 established the Supreme Court of Ohio. Initially, the court consisted of three justices. The Ohio legislature initially appointed the justices to the Supreme Court. Plaintiffs and defendants could appeal the decisions of the Court of Common Pleas to the Supreme Court of Ohio. . .
Surveying and Selling the Land: After the American Revolution, the United States held or claimed most of the land between the Canadian border and the Gulf of Mexico, and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River. . .
Surveying the Land: Accurate land descriptions were necessary for the sale of land. The Land Ordinance of 1785, established a federal survey method for dividing public lands into usable sections. This led to a system that uses north-south and east-west lines. . .
Svoboda, Frank J.: A native of Czechoslovakia, Frank J. Svoboda was a prominent resident of Cleveland, Ohio during the early twentieth century. . .
Swayne, Noah H.: Noah Swayne was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court in nineteenth century America. . .
Swayne, Wager: Wager Swayne was a military leader from Ohio during the American Civil War. . .
Swedish Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Swedish ancestors. Today, Swedish Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .
Symmes Purchase: The Symmes Purchase was an early land division in the region of what would become Ohio. . .
Symmes, John C.: John Cleves Symmes was a political leader, businessman, and real estate entrepreneur in the years after the American Revolution. . .
Taber, Lewis J.: Lewis John Taber was Ohio's first Director of Agriculture. The Director of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio Department of Agriculture. . .
Taft II, Robert A.: Robert (Bob) Alphonso Taft II was Ohio's governor from 1999 to 2007. . .
Taft Jr., Robert: Robert Taft, Jr. was a prominent political who was elected to the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate during the mid-twentieth century. . .
Taft, Alphonso: lphonso Taft was born on November 5, 1810, in Townsend, Vermont. Taft's father participated in the Vermont legislature but earned his living principally through farming. . .
Taft, Robert A.: Robert Alphonso Taft was a prominent United States Senator from Ohio in the mid twentieth century. . .
Taft, William H.: William Howard Taft was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on September 15, 1857. His father was Alphonso Taft, who had been President Ulysses S. Grant's secretary of war and then attorney general. . .
Tammany Society: The Tammany Society was a patriotic organization that championed democratic government and opposed aristocracy. Formed circa 1786, the Tammany Society had branches across the United States, but the most powerful office was located in New York. . .
Tariff of 1816: Tariffs are taxes placed on goods imported from foreign countries. Tariffs serve two main purposes. First, these taxes allow a nation to raise money. Second, tariffs protect a nation's goods from cheaper priced foreign items. . .
Taylor, Zachary: Zachary Taylor was born on November 24, 1784, in Orange County, Virginia. The following year, Taylor’s family moved to Kentucky. . .
Teapot Dome Scandal: The worst scandal of Harding Administration was the Teapot Dome Scandal, named for the Teapot Dome oilfield in Wyoming. . .
Television: In the 1950s, the new medium of television reached millions of Americans for the first time. Some television programs provided entertainment, while others presented current news. . .
Temperance Movement: The Temperance Movement was an organized effort during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to limit or outlaw the consumption and production of alcoholic beverages in the United States. . .
Thirteenth Amendment: The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution formally ended slavery in the United States of America. . .
Thomas Law: In 1907, an economic downturn gripped the United States. It became known as the Panic of 1907. . .
Thomas, James M.: James M. Thomas, a resident of Chillicothe, Ohio, was the first president of the United States Independent Telephone Association. . .
Thomas, Norman: Norman Thomas was an American social worker, minister, author and longtime presidential candidate of the Socialist Party of America. . .
Thurman, Allen G.: Allen Granberry Thurman was born on November 13, 1813, in Lynchburg, Virginia. He moved with his family to Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1819. . .
Tiffin, Edward: Edward Tiffin was the first governor of Ohio. . .
Tod, David: David Tod was the twenty-fifth governor of Ohio. . .
Tod, George: George Tod was a lawyer and prominent jurist who served as an Ohio Supreme Court Justice from 1806 to 1810. . .
Toledo War: The Toledo War was a border dispute between the State of Ohio and the Michigan Territory during the first several decades of the nineteenth century. . .
Township: Townships are relatively small pieces of land (usually no larger than thirty-six square miles). They are created to designate landownership or to establish a form of local government. Within the United States, there are two different types of townships. . .
Trimble, Allen: Allen Trimble served as governor of Ohio during the first portion of the nineteenth century. . .
Trotter, James M.: James Monroe Trotter served in the 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War and, following this conflict, became the first African American to find employment in the Boston, Massachusetts division of the United States Post Office. . .
Truax, Charles V.: Charles Vilas Truax was Ohio's second Director of Agriculture. The Director of Agriculture served as the head of the Ohio Department of Agriculture. . .
Truman, Harry S.: Harry S. Truman was born on May 8, 1884, in Lamar, Missouri. He spent most of his youth in Independence, Missouri, where he attended the local public schools. Upon graduating from high school, Truman went to work to help support his parents and his siblings. . .
Trust Busting: In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, there was a massive wave of industrialization across the United States. One product of this era was the rise of "big business." Within certain industries, large corporations emerged. . .
Tumey v. Ohio: Tumey v. Ohio was a case considered by the United States Supreme Court in 1927. The court struck down an Ohio law that denied citizens their constitutionally guaranteed right to due process by financially rewarding public officials for successfully prosecuting cases related to Phohibition. . .
Tupper, Benjamin: Benjamin Tupper was a prominent early settler of the Northwest Territory. . .
Tuppins, Isaiah: Isaiah Tuppins was the first African American to serve as a mayor in Ohio. He also was the first black man to earn his medical degree in Ohio. . .
Turnpike Lands: In 1827, the United States Congress gave the State of Ohio 31,360 acres of Congress Lands. This grant became known as the Turnpike Lands. . .
Turnpikes: In the early years of Ohio statehood, there were a limited number of roads linking various parts of the state. These routes included Zane's Trace, some old army roads, and the National Road. . .
Twelve-Mile Square Reservation: The Twelve-Mile Square Reservation was a land division in the Northwest Territory. . .
Twenty-First Amendment: During the late 1800s, support for Prohibition-the outlawing of alcohol's manufacture, transportation, and consumption-gained tremendous support within the United States, including in Ohio. One of the leading organizations that called for Prohibition was the Anti-Saloon League. . .
Uniform Traffic Code: On June 5, 1941, the Ohio government approved the state’s first uniform traffic code. This legislation established a standard speed limit of fifty miles per hour outside of all municipalities. . .
Union Party: The Union Party was formed in Ohio during the American Civil War. It consisted of many members of the Republican Party and of pro-war members of the Democratic Party. . .
United Hungarian Societies: The United Hungarian Societies was an organization that united together the various Hungarian cultural and social institutions that were located in Cleveland, Ohio. . .
United States Constitution: The Constitution is the fundamental law of the United States of America and is the oldest written constitution still in effect in the world. . .
United States Constitution (Transcript): Transcript of the United States Constitution . .
United States of America v. Langham & Johnston: The court case United States of America v. Langham & Johnston illustrates the poor status of the legal system in the Northwest Territory and in the wider United States of America during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. . .
Upton, Harriet T.: Harriet Taylor Upton was a leading women's rights advocate who served as president of the Ohio Womans Suffrage Association from 1899 to 1908 and from 1911 to 1920. . .
Valentine Anti-Trust Act: In 1898, the Ohio government implemented the Valentine Anti-Trust Act. This piece of legislation resulted from a government investigation of Ohio's coal, insurance, railroad, and oil industries, among others. . .
Vallandigham, Clement: Clement Vallandigham was a leader of the Ohio Democratic Party and an opponent of the American Civil War. . .
Vance, Joseph: Joseph Vance was Ohio's thirteenth governor. . .
Varnum, James: James Varnum was an early American political leader and one of the first judges of the Northwest Territory in the years after the American Revolution. . .
Voice of America: In 1942, in the midst of World War II, the United States government contracted with the Crosley Broadcasting Corporation to build a radio station capable of broadcasting its message around the world. . .
Voice of China: The Voice of China was a pro-China newsletter published in Cleveland, Ohio, during the late 1930s. . .
Voinovich, George V.: George Victor Voinovich is a prominent Ohio politician who has served as Ohio Governor, United States Senator, and mayor of Cleveland. . .
Volstead Act: The Volstead Act, also known as the National Prohibition Act, established the legal basis for the federal government to enforce the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within the United States and its territories. . .
Vonderheide Act: In 1915, the Miami Conservancy District was created in response to the Vonderheide Act. It became the first major watershed district in the nation. . .
Wade, Benjamin F.: Benjamin Franklin Wade was a political leader from Ohio and a Radical Republican in the Reconstruction years after the American Civil War. . .
Wade-Davis Bill: In 1864, during the American Civil War, Ohioan Benjamin Franklin Wade, a United States Senator, and Henry Winter Davis, a United States Representative from Maryland, introduced the Wade-Davis Bill. . .
Wagner-Connery Act: On June 13, 1933, the United States Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). The NIRA was part of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal. . .
Waite, Morrison R.: Morrison R. Waite was a chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court who spent much of his adult life in Ohio. . .
Walker, William O.: Dr. William O. Walker was a prominent journalist, publisher and political leader in Cleveland, Ohio for much of the mid to late twentieth century. . .
Wallace, Lewis "Lew": Lewis Wallace was a well-known American soldier, political figure and author in nineteenth century America. . .
Warszawa, Ohio: During the late nineteenth century, Polish Ohioans established the community of Warszawa in Cleveland, Ohio. Today, this community is known as Slavic Village. . .
Washington, George: George Washington was the first president of the United States. He was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, on February 22, 1732. . .
Watson, David K.: David Kemper Watson was a prominent politician during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, who served as Ohio's Attorney General and who represented Ohio in the United States House of Representatives. . .
Wayne, Anthony: Anthony Wayne was an important American military leader during and after the American Revolution. . .
Webb, Lucy W.: Lucy Ware Webb was an advocate for the abolition of slavery and the rights of women in nineteenth century America. She was the wife of President Rutherford B. Hayes. . .
Weisenborn, Clara E.: Clara Weisenborn was a prominent politician in Ohio from the 1950s to the 1970s. . .
Whig Party: The Whig Party originated during the mid 1830s. The Whigs included traditional enemies who united in their opposition to President Andrew Jackson and his policies. . .
White Jr., Samuel: Samuel White, Jr., was a prominent resident of Granville, Ohio during the early nineteenth century. He was a Welsh American. . .
White, George: George White was a prominent twentieth-century political leader who served as Ohio's Governor from 1931 to 1935. . .
Whiteman, Marjorie M.: Marjorie Mellace Whiteman was born in Liberty Township, Ohio, in 1898. She would emerge as one of the leading experts on international law during the 1950s and the 1960s. . .
Whitlock, Brand: Brand Whitlock was an American attorney, author, elected official and diplomat in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. . .
Williams, George W.: George Washington Williams was the first African American elected to the Ohio General Assembly. . .
Willis, Frank B.: Ohio governor Frank Bartlett Willis was born in Lewis Center, Ohio, on December 28, 1871. He grew up on a farm. After attending the local public schools, Willis enrolled at Ohio Northern University. . .
Willkie, Wendell L.: Wendell Lewis Willkie was a nationally prominent member of the Democratic Party during the Great Depression Era who practiced law in Akron, Ohio. . .
Wilmot Proviso: The Wilmot Proviso was a proposal to prohibit slavery in the territory acquired by the United States at the conclusion of the Mexican War. . .
Wilson, Thomas W.: Woodrow Wilson was President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. . .
Withrow, Mary Ellen: In 1994, President Bill Clinton nominated Mary Ellen Withrow as United States Treasurer. The United States Senate confirmed her unanimously, making Withrow the first person to become U.S. Treasurer who also had served in a similar capacity at both the local and state levels. . .
Wonders, J.C.: J.C. Wonders is often referred to as the father of concrete paving because of his decision to pave the street surrounding the courthouse square in Bellefontaine, Ohio with Portland cement concrete, in 1891. . .
Wood, Reuben: Reuben Wood was a governor of Ohio during the early 1850s. . .
Woodhull, Victoria C.: Homer, Ohio native, Victoria Claffin Woodhull, was a prominent magazine editor and women's rights advocate during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. . .
Workmen's Compensation: The United States went through a rapid period of industrialization in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This industrialization contributed to economic growth and urbanization, among other things, but workers did not always benefit from the advances that were made. . .
Works Progress Administration: On April 8, 1935, the United States Congress passed the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act. The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act was part of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal. . .
World's First Speeding Ticket: The worlld's first speeding ticket was issued in Dayton, Ohio in 1904. . .
Worthington, Thomas: Thomas Worthington was an early Midwestern political leader and the sixth governor of Ohio. . .
Wright, John C.: John Crafts Wright was a journalist and political leader in Ohio in the years before the American Civil War. . .
Yellow Press: The yellow press was the name given to reporters who sensationalized their news stories during the late 1800s and the early 1900s. . .
Yoder, Samuel: Samuel Yoder was a political leader form Ohio in the years after the American Civil War. . .
Young, Thomas L.: Thomas Lowry Young served as Ohio's Governor for slightly less than one year, beginning in 1877, when he succeeded Rutherford B. Hayes, who resigned to become President of the United States. . .
Yugoslavian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Yugoslavian ancestors. Today, Yugoslav Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . .